Malpractice insurance is important for physicians to protect themselves financially from lawsuits resulting from clinical errors. There are two main types of malpractice insurance: claims-made policies, which only cover incidents reported during the active policy period, and occurrence policies, which provide lifetime coverage but are more expensive. Physicians need to carefully choose the type of policy that best fits their practice setting and specialty based on cost, coverage duration, and state requirements to ensure adequate financial protection from potential malpractice claims.