Homeopathic medical practice: Long-term results of a cohort study with 3981 p...home
Disease severity and quality of life demonstrated marked and sustained
improvements following homeopathic treatment period. Our findings indicate that homeopathic
medical therapy may play a beneficial role in the long-term care of patients with chronic diseases.
Homeopathic and conventional treatment for acute respiratory and ear complain...home
Data of 1,577 patients were evaluated in the full analysis set of which 857 received homeopathic (H) and 720
conventional (C) treatment. The majority of patients in both groups reported their outcome after 14 days of treatment
as complete recovery or major improvement (H: 86.9%; C: 86.0%; p = 0.0003 for non-inferiority testing). In the perprotocol
set (H: 576 and C: 540 patients) similar results were obtained (H: 87.7%; C: 86.9%; p = 0.0019). Further
subgroup analysis of the full analysis set showed no differences of response rates after 14 days in children (H: 88.5%; C:
84.5%) and adults (H: 85.6%; C: 86.6%). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of the primary outcome criterion was 1.40
(0.89–2.22) in children and 0.92 (0.63–1.34) in adults. Adjustments for demographic differences at baseline did not
significantly alter the OR. The response rates after 7 and 28 days also showed no significant differences between both
treatment groups. However, onset of improvement within the first 7 days after treatment was significantly faster upon
homeopathic treatment both in children (p = 0.0488) and adults (p = 0.0001). Adverse drug reactions occurred more
frequently in adults of the conventional group than in the homeopathic group (C: 7.6%; H: 3.1%, p = 0.0032), whereas in
children the occurrence of adverse drug reactions was not significantly different (H: 2.0%; C: 2.4%, p = 0.7838).
Homeopathic treatment of patients with chronic sinusitis: A prospective obser...home
This observational study showed relevant improvements that persisted for 8 years
in patients seeking homeopathic treatment because of sinusitis. The extent to which the observed
effects are due to the life-style regulation and placebo or context effects associated with the
treatment needs clarification in future explanatory studies.
Association of CD4 T cell Recovery and Interpersonal Trust in Patient Physici...ijtsrd
The global HIV AIDS pandemic is still dangerous due to high incidence and high mortality rate. There are many factors associated with the immunological response beside treatment with medical practice. This paper aimed to assess the correlation of immunological responses and trust in physician measures in adult patients living with HIV AIDS. A cross sectional was studied to find the association between CD4 T cell changes and interpersonal trust in patient physician relationships. This study was carried out 93 aldult patients male accounted for 83.9 who were newly diagnosed with HIV AIDS infection at outpatient clinics, Tropical Diseases Hospital from October 2018 to August 2019. The mean TCD4 increased by 324.7 cells µl and 379.7 cells µl, respectively, compared to the original of 161.7 cells µl. Almost all patients had their immunity recovered after 3 and 6 months and the majority of patients have achieved virological success after 6 months of treatment. Factors associated with early immune recovery are youth, lower secondary education and single status. The majority of patients had truly trust in physician after 1 month and factors associated with trust in physician scale are male and employed. In Spearman rank correlation, CD4 T cell recovery and the trust present a strong relationship with p=0.008. Our finding is that the initial immunity recovery was strongly influenced by the interpersonal trust between the patients and the healthcare workers. Tao Gia Phu | Nguyen Hoang Lam | Cao Ngoc Nga | Vo Van Tam | Nguyen Phan Trong Hieu | Nguyen Van Trung "Association of CD4 T cell Recovery and Interpersonal Trust in Patient-Physician Relationship among HIV-Infected Adults in Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30752.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/30752/association-of-cd4-t-cell-recovery-and-interpersonal-trust-in-patientphysician-relationship-among-hivinfected-adults-in-hospital-for-tropical-diseases-vietnam/tao-gia-phu
Is there a role for Homeobotanicals in Conventional Medicine?Kimmer Collison-Ris
Homeobotanicals are scientifically prepared herbal formulas prepared in a laboratory in New Zealand and have been utilized for the last several decades by Naturopathic providers. These products have been created and tested for correct dosages and blended to become formulas for use in patient's healthcare. They were discovered by the late Dr. Brian Murray to use in patients who could not afford the expensive naturopathic treatments. This paper discusses their preparation, uses, and suggests that they could be complimentary in treating patients in conventional medicine where standard treatments have failed.
Homeopathic medical practice: Long-term results of a cohort study with 3981 p...home
Disease severity and quality of life demonstrated marked and sustained
improvements following homeopathic treatment period. Our findings indicate that homeopathic
medical therapy may play a beneficial role in the long-term care of patients with chronic diseases.
Homeopathic and conventional treatment for acute respiratory and ear complain...home
Data of 1,577 patients were evaluated in the full analysis set of which 857 received homeopathic (H) and 720
conventional (C) treatment. The majority of patients in both groups reported their outcome after 14 days of treatment
as complete recovery or major improvement (H: 86.9%; C: 86.0%; p = 0.0003 for non-inferiority testing). In the perprotocol
set (H: 576 and C: 540 patients) similar results were obtained (H: 87.7%; C: 86.9%; p = 0.0019). Further
subgroup analysis of the full analysis set showed no differences of response rates after 14 days in children (H: 88.5%; C:
84.5%) and adults (H: 85.6%; C: 86.6%). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of the primary outcome criterion was 1.40
(0.89–2.22) in children and 0.92 (0.63–1.34) in adults. Adjustments for demographic differences at baseline did not
significantly alter the OR. The response rates after 7 and 28 days also showed no significant differences between both
treatment groups. However, onset of improvement within the first 7 days after treatment was significantly faster upon
homeopathic treatment both in children (p = 0.0488) and adults (p = 0.0001). Adverse drug reactions occurred more
frequently in adults of the conventional group than in the homeopathic group (C: 7.6%; H: 3.1%, p = 0.0032), whereas in
children the occurrence of adverse drug reactions was not significantly different (H: 2.0%; C: 2.4%, p = 0.7838).
Homeopathic treatment of patients with chronic sinusitis: A prospective obser...home
This observational study showed relevant improvements that persisted for 8 years
in patients seeking homeopathic treatment because of sinusitis. The extent to which the observed
effects are due to the life-style regulation and placebo or context effects associated with the
treatment needs clarification in future explanatory studies.
Association of CD4 T cell Recovery and Interpersonal Trust in Patient Physici...ijtsrd
The global HIV AIDS pandemic is still dangerous due to high incidence and high mortality rate. There are many factors associated with the immunological response beside treatment with medical practice. This paper aimed to assess the correlation of immunological responses and trust in physician measures in adult patients living with HIV AIDS. A cross sectional was studied to find the association between CD4 T cell changes and interpersonal trust in patient physician relationships. This study was carried out 93 aldult patients male accounted for 83.9 who were newly diagnosed with HIV AIDS infection at outpatient clinics, Tropical Diseases Hospital from October 2018 to August 2019. The mean TCD4 increased by 324.7 cells µl and 379.7 cells µl, respectively, compared to the original of 161.7 cells µl. Almost all patients had their immunity recovered after 3 and 6 months and the majority of patients have achieved virological success after 6 months of treatment. Factors associated with early immune recovery are youth, lower secondary education and single status. The majority of patients had truly trust in physician after 1 month and factors associated with trust in physician scale are male and employed. In Spearman rank correlation, CD4 T cell recovery and the trust present a strong relationship with p=0.008. Our finding is that the initial immunity recovery was strongly influenced by the interpersonal trust between the patients and the healthcare workers. Tao Gia Phu | Nguyen Hoang Lam | Cao Ngoc Nga | Vo Van Tam | Nguyen Phan Trong Hieu | Nguyen Van Trung "Association of CD4 T cell Recovery and Interpersonal Trust in Patient-Physician Relationship among HIV-Infected Adults in Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30752.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/30752/association-of-cd4-t-cell-recovery-and-interpersonal-trust-in-patientphysician-relationship-among-hivinfected-adults-in-hospital-for-tropical-diseases-vietnam/tao-gia-phu
Is there a role for Homeobotanicals in Conventional Medicine?Kimmer Collison-Ris
Homeobotanicals are scientifically prepared herbal formulas prepared in a laboratory in New Zealand and have been utilized for the last several decades by Naturopathic providers. These products have been created and tested for correct dosages and blended to become formulas for use in patient's healthcare. They were discovered by the late Dr. Brian Murray to use in patients who could not afford the expensive naturopathic treatments. This paper discusses their preparation, uses, and suggests that they could be complimentary in treating patients in conventional medicine where standard treatments have failed.
Palliative care could help improve the quality of life for Parkinson’s diseas...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
A small study of individuals with Parkinson’s disease finds that adding palliative care to standard care may help raise their quality of life. Half the patients in a 210-person trial were assigned to visit physicians as usual, while the others also received palliative care — a team of a social worker, nurse, palliative medicine specialist, and chaplain visited the patient at home or via telemedicine to discuss symptoms and difficult emotions and offer support to caregivers. Patients in the combination care group had more improvement in their quality of life score (as measured by a survey that assesses physical and mental health).
These patients also scored higher on quality of life measures when their caregivers were surveyed in their stead.
Complementary therapy use by patients and parents of children with asthma and...home
Complementary therapy use reflects patients' and parents' underlying desire for greater selfcare
and need of opportunities to address some of their concerns regarding NHS asthma care. Selfmanagement
of chronic conditions is increasingly promoted within the NHS but with little attention to
complementary therapy use as one strategy being used by patients and parents. With their desire for selfhelp,
complementary therapy users are in many ways adopting the healthcare personas that current
policies aim to encourage.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self-Medication among Medical Studentsiosrjce
Self-medication is a common practice worldwide and the irrational use of the drugs is a major
cause of concern. Self-medication is an issue with serious global implication. The current study aimed to
determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of self-medication by medical students. A descriptive crosssectional
study was conducted among medical students currently studying first year to assess knowledge,
attitude and practice regarding self-medication in Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal. Seventy five
students studying in first year were selected for the study using stratified random sampling technique and data
was collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The study finding revealed, the mean age
of 75 enrolled students was 20 years, 65.3% were in the age group of 17-20 years. Most of them were female
(72%). Seventy three point three percent belong to urban area. Prevalence rate of self-medication of one year
period seems high i.e. 84% and 68.25% in were females. The most common sources of information used by the
respondent were pharmacist (60.31%) and text book (46.03%). More than half of the respondent found to have
a good knowledge about self-medication regarding definition, adverse effect and different types of drug. The
attitude was positive towards self-medication and favored self-medication saying that it was acceptable. The
principal morbidities for seeking self-medication include cold and cough as reported by 85.7% followed by pain
76.2%, fever 73%, diarrhea 47.6% and dysmenorrheal 46%. Drugs / drugs group commonly used for selfmedication
included analgesics 75.8%, and anta-acids 53.2% and antipyretic 46.3%. Among reasons for
seeking self-medication, 79.2% felt that their illness was minor while 61.9% preferred as it is due to previous
experience. This study shows that self-medication is widely practiced among first year students of this medical
institution. There is dire need to make them aware about the pros and cons of self-medication in order to ensure
safe usage of drugs.
A protocol for a trial of homeopathic treatment for irritable bowel syndromehome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic condition with no known cure. Many sufferers seek
complementary and alternative medicine including homeopathic treatment. However there is much controversy as
to the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. This three-armed study seeks to explore the effectiveness of
individualised homeopathic treatment plus usual care compared to both an attention control plus usual care and
usual care alone, for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien dalam Pelayanan Konseling Kefarmasian Berbasis Al-Qur...Aji Wibowo
Konseling kefarmasian merupakan salah satu pelayanan apoteker yang komprehensif. Untuk itu, diperlukan partisipasi aktif apoteker melalui konseling di apotek yang mudah ditemui oleh masyarakat
untuk memberikan terapi farmakologi berupa pemberian obat antihipertensi dan penyaranan terapi nonfarmakologi, salah satunya berupa penganjuran membaca Al-Quran pada saat melakukan konseling kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien hipertensi yang mendapatkan intervensi konseling kefarmasian berbasis Al-Quran terhadap pelayanan apoteker serta efektivitas pengobatan pasien.
Munro, S., Lewin, S., Swart, T., & Volmink, J. (2007). A review of health behaviour theories: how useful are these for developing interventions to promote long-term medication adherence for TB and HIV/AIDS? BMC Public Health, 7, 104-120.
An analysis of wrong practices among pharmacies and pharmacists in India-• Disadvantages of Self Medications Adverse Drug Reactions.Lack of knowledge about dose.Chances of using wrong medication.Risk of disease aggravation Drug interactions.
A Study of Propensity Score on Influencing Factors of Length of Stay in Hospi...Scientific Review SR
Background: Burns are a global public health problem, which are universal and can happen to anyone. Because the physical functions in children and adults are different, the confounding factors are easy to affect the results of study. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore influencing factors of the length of hospital stay (LOS) when the confounding factors were excluded by Propensity Score (PS) in children and adults. Methods: Patients hospitalized for burn from 2014 to 2016 were retrieved from the medical record system of a general biggest hospital in Zunyi. A database was established to analyze the influencing factors of LOS between children and adults by the PS. Results A total of 465 children (61.7% males) and 327 (69.7% males) adults were recruited. The average age was 3.61±3.57 years and 42.48±14.76 years in children and adults with burns respectively. Before PS matching, low age and skin grafting were the protective factors for LOS (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.993 and 0.339). The risk factors of LOS were male (HR=1.234), the burn depth and total body surface area (TBSA), and burn etiology (HR=1.497). After PS matching, only skin grafting (HR=0.080) and treatment within 24 hours (HR=1.865) were the common influencing factors of LOS. Conclusion the confounding factors were excluded by the PS method, and skin grafting was still a protective factor of LOS for both children and adults. The results provide a reference for the promotion of skin grafting to reduce LOS in burn patients.
Homeopathic treatment of elderly patients - a prospective observational study...home
The severity of disease showed marked and sustained improvements under homeopathic treatment,
but this did not lead to an improvement of quality of life. Our findings might indicate that homeopathic medical
therapy may play a beneficial role in the long-term care of older adults with chronic diseases and studies on
comparative effectiveness are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
Homeopathic and conventional treatment for acute respiratory and ear complain...home
This comparative cohort study, involving more than
1,500 patients in primary care practices of at least 6 different
European countries, demonstrates that homeopathic
treatment for acute respiratory and ear complaints was not
inferior to conventional treatment. Although no firm conclusions
can be drawn about the efficacy of homeopathic
treatment, these results certainly contribute to the growing
evidence that homeopathy is a safe and beneficial
treatment strategy for acute diseases in primary care settings.
Patient satisfaction and side effects in primary care: An observational study...home
Overall patient satisfaction was significantly higher in homeopathic than in
conventional care. Homeopathic treatments were perceived as a low-risk therapy with two to
three times fewer side effects than conventional care
Patient satisfaction and side effects in primary care: An observational study...home
Overall patient satisfaction was significantly higher in homeopathic than in
conventional care. Homeopathic treatments were perceived as a low-risk therapy with two to
three times fewer side effects than conventional care
Palliative care could help improve the quality of life for Parkinson’s diseas...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
A small study of individuals with Parkinson’s disease finds that adding palliative care to standard care may help raise their quality of life. Half the patients in a 210-person trial were assigned to visit physicians as usual, while the others also received palliative care — a team of a social worker, nurse, palliative medicine specialist, and chaplain visited the patient at home or via telemedicine to discuss symptoms and difficult emotions and offer support to caregivers. Patients in the combination care group had more improvement in their quality of life score (as measured by a survey that assesses physical and mental health).
These patients also scored higher on quality of life measures when their caregivers were surveyed in their stead.
Complementary therapy use by patients and parents of children with asthma and...home
Complementary therapy use reflects patients' and parents' underlying desire for greater selfcare
and need of opportunities to address some of their concerns regarding NHS asthma care. Selfmanagement
of chronic conditions is increasingly promoted within the NHS but with little attention to
complementary therapy use as one strategy being used by patients and parents. With their desire for selfhelp,
complementary therapy users are in many ways adopting the healthcare personas that current
policies aim to encourage.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self-Medication among Medical Studentsiosrjce
Self-medication is a common practice worldwide and the irrational use of the drugs is a major
cause of concern. Self-medication is an issue with serious global implication. The current study aimed to
determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of self-medication by medical students. A descriptive crosssectional
study was conducted among medical students currently studying first year to assess knowledge,
attitude and practice regarding self-medication in Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal. Seventy five
students studying in first year were selected for the study using stratified random sampling technique and data
was collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The study finding revealed, the mean age
of 75 enrolled students was 20 years, 65.3% were in the age group of 17-20 years. Most of them were female
(72%). Seventy three point three percent belong to urban area. Prevalence rate of self-medication of one year
period seems high i.e. 84% and 68.25% in were females. The most common sources of information used by the
respondent were pharmacist (60.31%) and text book (46.03%). More than half of the respondent found to have
a good knowledge about self-medication regarding definition, adverse effect and different types of drug. The
attitude was positive towards self-medication and favored self-medication saying that it was acceptable. The
principal morbidities for seeking self-medication include cold and cough as reported by 85.7% followed by pain
76.2%, fever 73%, diarrhea 47.6% and dysmenorrheal 46%. Drugs / drugs group commonly used for selfmedication
included analgesics 75.8%, and anta-acids 53.2% and antipyretic 46.3%. Among reasons for
seeking self-medication, 79.2% felt that their illness was minor while 61.9% preferred as it is due to previous
experience. This study shows that self-medication is widely practiced among first year students of this medical
institution. There is dire need to make them aware about the pros and cons of self-medication in order to ensure
safe usage of drugs.
A protocol for a trial of homeopathic treatment for irritable bowel syndromehome
Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic condition with no known cure. Many sufferers seek
complementary and alternative medicine including homeopathic treatment. However there is much controversy as
to the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. This three-armed study seeks to explore the effectiveness of
individualised homeopathic treatment plus usual care compared to both an attention control plus usual care and
usual care alone, for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien dalam Pelayanan Konseling Kefarmasian Berbasis Al-Qur...Aji Wibowo
Konseling kefarmasian merupakan salah satu pelayanan apoteker yang komprehensif. Untuk itu, diperlukan partisipasi aktif apoteker melalui konseling di apotek yang mudah ditemui oleh masyarakat
untuk memberikan terapi farmakologi berupa pemberian obat antihipertensi dan penyaranan terapi nonfarmakologi, salah satunya berupa penganjuran membaca Al-Quran pada saat melakukan konseling kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien hipertensi yang mendapatkan intervensi konseling kefarmasian berbasis Al-Quran terhadap pelayanan apoteker serta efektivitas pengobatan pasien.
Munro, S., Lewin, S., Swart, T., & Volmink, J. (2007). A review of health behaviour theories: how useful are these for developing interventions to promote long-term medication adherence for TB and HIV/AIDS? BMC Public Health, 7, 104-120.
An analysis of wrong practices among pharmacies and pharmacists in India-• Disadvantages of Self Medications Adverse Drug Reactions.Lack of knowledge about dose.Chances of using wrong medication.Risk of disease aggravation Drug interactions.
A Study of Propensity Score on Influencing Factors of Length of Stay in Hospi...Scientific Review SR
Background: Burns are a global public health problem, which are universal and can happen to anyone. Because the physical functions in children and adults are different, the confounding factors are easy to affect the results of study. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore influencing factors of the length of hospital stay (LOS) when the confounding factors were excluded by Propensity Score (PS) in children and adults. Methods: Patients hospitalized for burn from 2014 to 2016 were retrieved from the medical record system of a general biggest hospital in Zunyi. A database was established to analyze the influencing factors of LOS between children and adults by the PS. Results A total of 465 children (61.7% males) and 327 (69.7% males) adults were recruited. The average age was 3.61±3.57 years and 42.48±14.76 years in children and adults with burns respectively. Before PS matching, low age and skin grafting were the protective factors for LOS (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.993 and 0.339). The risk factors of LOS were male (HR=1.234), the burn depth and total body surface area (TBSA), and burn etiology (HR=1.497). After PS matching, only skin grafting (HR=0.080) and treatment within 24 hours (HR=1.865) were the common influencing factors of LOS. Conclusion the confounding factors were excluded by the PS method, and skin grafting was still a protective factor of LOS for both children and adults. The results provide a reference for the promotion of skin grafting to reduce LOS in burn patients.
Homeopathic treatment of elderly patients - a prospective observational study...home
The severity of disease showed marked and sustained improvements under homeopathic treatment,
but this did not lead to an improvement of quality of life. Our findings might indicate that homeopathic medical
therapy may play a beneficial role in the long-term care of older adults with chronic diseases and studies on
comparative effectiveness are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
Homeopathic and conventional treatment for acute respiratory and ear complain...home
This comparative cohort study, involving more than
1,500 patients in primary care practices of at least 6 different
European countries, demonstrates that homeopathic
treatment for acute respiratory and ear complaints was not
inferior to conventional treatment. Although no firm conclusions
can be drawn about the efficacy of homeopathic
treatment, these results certainly contribute to the growing
evidence that homeopathy is a safe and beneficial
treatment strategy for acute diseases in primary care settings.
Patient satisfaction and side effects in primary care: An observational study...home
Overall patient satisfaction was significantly higher in homeopathic than in
conventional care. Homeopathic treatments were perceived as a low-risk therapy with two to
three times fewer side effects than conventional care
Patient satisfaction and side effects in primary care: An observational study...home
Overall patient satisfaction was significantly higher in homeopathic than in
conventional care. Homeopathic treatments were perceived as a low-risk therapy with two to
three times fewer side effects than conventional care
Diagnoses and visit length in complementary and mainstream medicinehome
CM physicians differed from mainstream GPs in diagnoses, partly related to general and partly to
specific diagnoses. Between CM practices differences were found on specific domains of complaints. Visit length
was much longer in CM practices compared to mainstream GP visits, and such ample time may be one of the
attractive features of CM for patients
articleHealth professionals’ and families’ understanding of the role ofindivi...home
This paper draws on a mixed methods study that examined the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial of individualisedhomeopathy plus usual care, compared to usual care alone, for children aged 7–14 with moderate to severe asthma recruited from secondary care.It draws on qualitative interviews with participants in the feasibility study that investigated families’ and professionals’ views and experiences ofasthma, homeopathy and study participation
Running Head QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUMMARY1QUANTITATIVE RESE.docxtodd581
Running Head: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUMMARY 1
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUMMARY 10
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUMMARY
Student’s Name: Letzy Reyes
Institution: Grand Cayon University
Date: 06/10/2018
Nursing Practice Problem
P-(Problem) – elderly patients aged above 50 years admitted in hospital and having shown blood pressure disease signs. Patients not included in the research were pregnant women.
I-(Intervention) – the patients who are subject in this research will be subjected to therapeutic routine concerning hypertension. The blood pressure of all the patients was tested after administering hypertension medicine to the subjects. The resultant changes were recorded every day to determine the reaction and thus the group will make a conclusion.
C-(Comparison) – institutionalized quality methods will be regulated for hypertension and subjected to the group. The comparison between the groups will be done towards the end of the month in the group.
O-(Outcome) - there will be good relation between the hypertension medication and blood pressure.
T-(Time) – for the next one month the blood pressure will be monitored closely.
The nursing practice portion should be in paragraph form.
PICOT Statement
Elderly patients under hypertension medication together with pharmacological interventions can be maintained in hospitals to improve their blood pressure and with understanding the background and culture of the patients will be of great help in dealing with hypertension. Comment by Doreen Farley: Letzy, I know that this is not the PICOT question that we decided on. What happened to the PICOT?
In patients with hypertension, does the use of meditation along with pharmacological interventions compared to medications alone improve blood pressure? This was the PICOT from out last discussion on 6-1-18
This paper is supposed to be double space only. I am not sure why there is so much space in between concepts.
Introduction
Background of the study
The purpose of the study was to evaluate analyze how patients using hypertension medication along with pharmacological interventions compared to medications alone improve blood pressure. The bottom line of the study was to evaluate how different opinions on hypertension and the treatment of the disease and how such opinions differ from one place to another especially due to the difference in culture or ethnicity of these groups. In addition, the study will be evaluated on what the proposed interventions would do to improve the adherence to these groups. Comment by Doreen Farley: The study evaluated…
The proposed interventions from the research on the two articles will be of importance to the nursing field. There is the need for the nurses to connect, care and convey treatment for various groups of patients in our diverse community. These include taking treatment to patients from different ethnic and racial groups. When it comes to hypertension, nurses have been faced with challenges .
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
BRP Pharmaceuticals is a leader in physician dispensing services that provides instant medication to patients located in Burbank, CA. Visit: http://www.brppharma.com/
Factors associated to adherence to DR-TB treatment in Georgia, Policy Brief (...Ina Charkviani
Tuberculosis (TB) is a widely spread disease globally that causes millions of people’s death worldwide. Treatment for TB is complex and usually involves taking several antibiotics at once for a long time (sometimes up to two years). Considering the severity of the treatment regimen, it becomes hard for the patients to adhere and complete proposed treatment and particularly for those who are infected with drug-resistant strain of TB. Poor adherence to treatment remains significant problem that prevents countries from obtaining high treatment success rates that is essential for health systems to control the epidemic and decrease spread of the disease. A new study from Georgia looks at adherence to treatment factors among drug resistant TB (DR-TB) patients and provides evidence that may help policy-makers develop effective strategies for improving treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients. The study findings might be helpful for other countries in the region where TB burden is also high.
Homeopahty, el proyecto de un Sistema de Salud, protagonistas, fundadores, ideólogos históricos, las iniciativas de Medicina Alternativa Complementaria CAM.
Homeopathy—quackery or a key to the future of medicine?home
When cholera first invaded Europe in 1831, the
mortality throughout Europe was generally between
40% and 60%. To the surprise of many, mortality
rates reported by homeopathic physicians was generally
below 10%, and commonly under 4%. Let me
present two typical cholera reports, which have a
stamp of officialdom. The first one comes from the
territory of Raab in Hungary where in 1831 a
Dr Joseph Bakody treated 223 patients with mild to
severe cholera, 14 of which were in a state of collapse .
He lost a total of 8 patients, a mortality of 3.6%. A
similar situation occurred in Cincinnati in 1849. The
Board of Health issued an order calling for physicians
to report all cases of cholera. Reports of a high
mortality rate were received by the Board from the city
hospital and allopathic physicians. However, six
homeopathic physicians attracted national attention
when they reported not a single death out of their first
350 cases of cholera. Two of these homeopathic
physicians, Dr Pulte and Ehrmann would eventually
report treating 2646 cases with 35 deaths, or a
mortality rate of 1.3%. Allopaths reported fatal
outcomes in about 50% of their cases.
Homeopathy in the treatment of fibromyalgia A comprehensive literature-review...home
Given the low number and included trials and the lowmethodological quality, any conclusion based on the resultsof this review have to be regarded as preliminary. However,as single case studies and clinical trials indicate a positiveeffect, homeopathy could be considered a complementarytreatment for patients with fibromyalgia
Homeopathy as replacement to antibiotics in the case of Escherichia coli diar...home
The use of antibiotics in the livestock sector is increasing to such an extent
that it threatens negative consequences for human health, animal health and the environment.
Homeopathy might be an alternative to antibiotics. It has therefore been tested in
a randomised placebo-controlled trial to prevent Escherichia coli diarrhoea in neonatal
piglets.
Multidrugresistant tuberculosis
Among the most menacing forms of MDR is multidrug
resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). WHO estimates that
were about 450,000 new cases and 170,000 deaths from
MDR-TB in 2012. The number of cases reported to
WHO rose by an alarming 35% between 2011 and 2012,
although this probably mostly reflects increased recognition
and reporting. Over half the new cases were in India,
China or the Russian Federation.3
This issue of Homeopathy features a paper by Dr Kusum
Chand and colleagues reporting a randomized, double blind,
placebo-controlled clinical trial of individualized homeopathic
treatment or placebo in addition to standard antituberculous
chemotherapy as specified by the Indian Revised
National Tuberculosis Control Program, for MDR-TB
Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy: HRI’s second international research conf...home
Rome, 3rde5th June 2015, was the setting for the Homeopathy Research Institute’s (HRI)
second conference with the theme ‘Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy’. Attended by
over 250 delegates from 39 countries, this event provided an intense two and a half day
programme of presentations and a forum for the sharing of ideas and the creation of international
scientific collaborations. With 35 oral presentations from leaders in the field,
the scientific calibre of the programme was high and the content diverse. This report
summarises the key themes underpinning the cutting edge data presented by the
speakers, including six key-note presentations, covering advancements in both basic
and clinical research. Given the clear commitment of the global homeopathic community
to high quality research, the resounding success of both Barcelona 2013 and
Rome 2015 HRI conferences, and the dedicated support of colleagues, the HRI moves
confidently forward towards the next biennial conference
CORE-Hom: A powerful and exhaustive database of clinical trials in homeopathyhome
The CORE-Hom database was created to answer the need for a reliable and publicly available
source of information in the field of clinical research in homeopathy. As of May 2014
it held 1048 entries of clinical trials, observational studies and surveys in the field of homeopathy,
including second publications and re-analyses. 352 of the trials referenced in
the database were published in peer reviewed journals, 198 of which were randomised
controlled trials. The most often used remedies were Arnica montana (n = 103) and
Traumeel (n = 40). The most studied medical conditions were respiratory tract infections
(n = 126) and traumatic injuries (n = 110). The aim of this article is to introduce
the database to the public, describing and explaining the interface, features and content
of the CORE-Hom database.
Observations about controlled clinical trials expressed by Max Haidvogl
in the book Ultra High Dilution (1994) have been appraised from a perspective two
decades later. The present commentary briefly examines changes in homeopathy
research evidence since 1994 as regards: the published number of randomised controlled
trials (RCTs), the use of individualised homeopathic intervention, the ‘proven efficacy of
homeopathy’, and the quality of the evidence.
Clinical trial of homeopathy in rheumatoid arthritishome
The conclusion of the study that the effect was due to
‘consultation’ and not to the homeopathic remedy appears
to be biased for two reasons:
There was no substantial amelioration of the pathology
in any group to compare and on which to base conclusions.
The placebo effect in such deep pathology cases is superficial
and transient as the patient remains in essence with
the same frame of pathology.
Blisters and homeopathy: case reports and differential diagnosishome
Blisters are skin lesions characterized by accumulation of fluid between the layers of the
skin. Their severity varies from the common blisters caused by friction to severe autoimmune
and congenital bullous disorders, some of themcurrently without treatment in conventional
medicine or requiring drugs with potentially severe side-effects. This article
reports cases of blistering diseases successfully treated with homeopathic medicines,
which represent an alternative for the treatment of such disorders.
A short history of the development of homeopathy in Indiahome
Homeopathy was introduced in India the early 19th century. It flourished in Bengal at first,
and then spread all over India. In the beginning, the system was extensively practised by
amateurs in the civil and military services and others. Mahendra Lal Sircar was the first
Indian who became a homeopathic physician. A number of allopathic doctors started
homeopathic practice following Sircar’s lead. The ‘Calcutta Homeopathic Medical
College’, the first homeopathic medical college was established in 1881. This institution
took on a major role in popularising homeopathy in India.
In 1973, the Government of India recognised homeopathy as one of the national systems of
medicine and set up the Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH) to regulate its education
and practice. Now, only qualified registered homeopaths can practice homeopathy in
India. At present, in India, homeopathy is the third most popular method of medical treatment
after allopathy and Ayurveda. There are over 200,000 registered homeopathic doctors
currently, with approximately 12,000 more being added every year.
Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among children fr...home
A homeopathy user utilized on average homeopathic remedies worth EUR 15.28. The corresponding figure for herbal
drug users was EUR 16.02, and EUR 18.72 for overall medicinal CAM users.
CAM use among 15-year-old children in the GINIplus cohort is popular, but decreased noticeably compared
with children from the same cohort at the age of 10 years. This is possibly mainly because German health legislation
normally covers CAM for children younger than 12 years only.
Complementary medical health services: a cross sectional descriptive analysis...home
The clinic attracts people from a wide area in the metropolitan Toronto and surrounding region with
health concerns and diagnoses that are consistent with primary care, providing health education and addressing
acute and chronic health conditions. Further explorations into health services delivery from the broader
naturopathic or other complementary/alternative medical professions would provide greater context to these
findings and expand understanding of the patients and type of care being provided by these health professionals.
Prayer-for-health and complementary alternative medicine use among Malaysian ...home
CAM use was prevalent among breast cancer patients. Excluding PFH from the definition of CAM
reduced the prevalence of overall CAM use. Overall, CAM use was associated with higher education levels and
household incomes, advanced cancer and lower chemotherapy schedule compliance. Many patients perceived
MBP to be beneficial for improving overall well-being during chemotherapy. These findings, while preliminary,
clearly indicate the differences in CAM use when PFH is included in, and excluded from, the definition of CAM
Extreme sensitivity of gene expression in human SH-SY5Y neurocytes to ultra-l...home
The study shows that Gelsemium s., a medicinal plant used in traditional remedies and
homeopathy, modulates a series of genes involved in neuronal function. A small, but statistically significant,
response was detected even to very low doses/high dilutions (up to 30c), indicating that the human neurocyte
genome is extremely sensitive to this regulation.
Calcarea carbonica induces apoptosis in cancer cells in p53-dependent manner ...home
These observations delineate the significance of immuno-modulatory circuit during calcarea carbonicamediated
tumor apoptosis. The molecular mechanism identified may serve as a platform for involving calcarea
carbonica into immunotherapeutic strategies for effective tumor regression
P05.39. Clinical experiences of homeopaths participating in a study of the ho...home
Homeopathic medications and dietary protocols were
found to be easily adapted for use in a clinical trial. These
observations provide insights for future research in the
area of homeopathic treatment (for ADHD in particular
and of homeopathy in general) and provide insights for
the potential integration of homeopathic practice into conventional
settings.
P04.71. Acupuncture, self-care homeopathy, and practitioner-based homeopathy:...home
The relationship between acupuncture use and depression
deserves further investigation. Given high levels of
concern about overuse of antibiotics in respiratory infections,
further research into the efficacy and cost-effectiveness
of homeopathy for these conditions is
warranted. Hopefully, future versions of NHIS-CAM
will provide more realistic estimates of expenditures.
P04.17. Adverse effects of homeopathy, what do we know? A systematic reviewhome
In order to prevent serious events as a consequence of
homeopathic treatment, the identification of an unwanted
adverse event is of critical importance. A differentiation of
adverse events and homeopathic aggravations, which is
accepted as a concept in homeopathy, should be a part of
a reporting system where risk and safety are assessed. This
is of particular significance in a treatment system like
homeopathy, which is in most European countries regulated
as an alternative treatment and as such not included
in the supervision system of health care.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. BMC Public Health 2008, 8:413 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/413
Page 2 of 9
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health systems. For example, in the US the proportion of
patients obtaining homeopathic care has quadrupled
from 1991 to 1997 [2]. In the UK it was estimated that 2%
had visited a homeopathic practitioner in the last 12
months [3] and that annual expenditures for homeopathy
reached 34.04 million (out-of-pocket 30.74 million, NHS
3.3 million) [4]. In Germany, the country in which home-
opathy originated, a survey demonstrated that approxi-
mately 10% of men and 20% of women in the general
population used homeopathic medicines during the pre-
vious year [5]. Here the General Medical Council grants an
official additional certification in homeopathy upon suc-
cessful completion of a three-year-long training pro-
gramme. This is held by approximately 4,500 physicians
[6].
Meta-analyses of placebo controlled trials on homeopa-
thy have shown inconsistent results [7-9]. However, there
is only little data on the effectiveness and patients' satis-
faction of homeopathic health care in everyday practice.
Ten years ago we started a cohort study in nearly 4.000
patients aiming to systematically collect data about diag-
noses and treatment in the area of homeopathic health
care in Germany, including data on the patients' health
status. Our first results, based on a two year follow-up,
were published some years ago [10]. This paper extends
our former report, now for the first time presenting data 8
years after the primary homeopathic treatment.
Methods
Study design
In this prospective multi-centre cohort study, patients
were included consecutively upon their first consultation
with a participating homeopathic physician. All study
physicians hold an additional certification in classical
homeopathy and had at least three years of experience in
its practice. No restrictions on diagnoses were made. For
details on inclusion criteria or on the selection of physi-
cians see [10]. Recruitment period was between Septem-
ber 1997 and December 1999, and measurements of
health status were taken at 3, 12, and 24 months using
standardised questionnaires. The study protocol was
approved by the ethics review board of the Charité Uni-
versity Medical Center. In total 3,981 (2,851 adults, 1,130
children) were originally included in the study.
In 2006 3,677 patients (2,603 adults, 1,074 children)
were contacted again to provide an 8-year follow-up.
Patients were not contacted if they were known to have
deceased (32 adults), had withdrawn their consent to par-
ticipation in this study (207 adults, 53 children) or their
actual place of residence could not be identified (9 adults,
3 children).
In this paper we present only the long-term results (8
years), for more details on earlier time points refer to [10].
Outcome measures
Standardized questionnaires were designed to document
sociodemographic data, as well as information on prior
medical history, patient symptoms and complaints, qual-
ity of life, and the use of any treatment other than home-
opathy. At study entry, all patients recorded the
complaints that led them to consider homeopathic treat-
ment, for children below the age of 8 their parents were
asked to do so. Independently of their physicians, patients
rated the severity of their complaints on a numeric rating
scale (NRS, 0 = no complaints, 10 = maximum severity).
All complaints listed by patients in their baseline ques-
tionnaire were transferred to their follow-up question-
naires by the study office personnel. This ensured that
each baseline complaint was assessed at each subsequent
follow-up. For statistical purposes we averaged the ratings
of the first four listed complaints and used this average as
the main outcome measure.
For adults (16 years or older at study entry), general
health-related quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the
German MOS SF-36 questionnaire [11]. The results of the
SF-36 are presented in normalised scores, the results being
scaled in such a way that the normal German population
has a mean score of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
The first questionnaire was distributed to the patients by
the study physician and completed prior to case taking
and the start of therapy (baseline). Patients sent their
completed questionnaires to the study office in sealed
envelopes. Follow-up questionnaires were sent to all
patients by the study office.
At the 8-year follow-up we additionally measured the
overall patient satisfaction with treatment on a 4-point
Likert scale, ranging from 1 ("little satisfied") to 4 ("very
satisfied"). Moreover, we asked the patients to rate
whether they "would let their disease be treated homeo-
pathically again", "would try homeopathy in other diag-
noses", "would recommend homeopathy to a friend", and
"find homeopathy logically comprehensible", each on a
NRS (0 = "I totally disagree" 10 = "I absolutely agree").
All patients were asked whether they were still under
homeopathic treatment. If not, the specific reasons for
stopping treatment were recorded and classified into (1)
"treatment successful", including "complete healing" and
"major improvement"; (2) "treatment success unsatisfac-
tory", including "unsatisfactory patient-physician rela-
tionship" "hospitalisation", "treatment not helpful",
"deterioration", "other therapies preferred", and "too long
distance"; (3) "unrelated to treatment success", including
4. BMC Public Health 2008, 8:413 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/413
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On the other hand, a similar percentage of patients
stopped treatment because they did not feel homeopathy
could help them sufficiently (n = 708, 26.0%), including
those 42 patients (1.5%) who reported a deterioration.
194 patients (7.1%) said they stopped treatment for rea-
sons unrelated to the therapy success (moving, financial
shortage, physician retired etc.), 97 (3.6%) did not give
any reason. These figures differed considerably between
adults and children: the percentage of children who
stopped treatment because of major improvements was
twice that of adults (n = 378 (46.2%) vs. n = 416
(21.9%)). In contrast, adults more often stopped treat-
ments because of perceived treatment failure (n = 567
(29.8%) vs. n = 141 (17.2%)).
Nearly half of the patients (n = 1118, 41.1%) reported to
have consulted another CAM therapist (not homeo-
pathic) during the study period, including naturopathic
doctors, physicians for Traditional Chinese Medicine, and
non-medical therapists (German "Heilpraktiker"). Four in
ten patients were treated with conventional remedies, this
rate being considerably higher in adults than in children
(table 2). Similarly, children used less frequently other
CAM therapies (table 2). Differences between those who
stopped homeopathic treatment and those who contin-
Table 1: Patient characteristics (values are absolute numbers and percent or mean ± standard deviation)
Study population Responders only
Adults (n = 2,635) Children (n = 1,074) Adults (n = 1,903) Children (n = 819)
Sex (male: female) 771:1864 559:515 518:1385 423:396
Age at study entry (years) 40.6 ± 12.4 6.7 ± 4.1 41.0 ± 12.3 6.5 ± 4.0
Age at 8-year follow-up (years) 48.3 ± 12.4 14.2 ± 4.2 48.8 ± 12.3 14.1 ± 4.2
Marital status (living in partnership) 1916 (72.7%) 1405 (73.9%)
Education (attending school >10 years) 1570 (59.6%) 1155 (60.7%)
Belief in homeopathy at study entry 1744 (66.2%) 739 (68.8%) 1283 (67.4%) 567 (69.2%)
Duration of disease at study entry (years) 10.0 ± 9.6 4.3 ± 2.7 9.8 ± 8.7 4.2 ± 3.5
Intake of conventional drugs at study entry 1318 (50.0%) 340 (31.7%) 965 (50.7%) 273 (33.3%)
Primary diagnosis at study entry *
Allergies (ICD9: 995.3) 154 (5.8%) 65 (6.1%) 114 (6.0%) 51 (6.2%)
Anxiety (ICD9: 300.0) 137 (5.2%) 44 (4.1%) 94 (4.9%) 34 (4.2%)
Asthma (ICD9: 493.9) 109 (4.1%) 67 (6.2%) 88 (4.6%) 51 (6.2%)
Depression (ICD9: 311.0) 157 (6.0%) 5 (0.5%) 110 (5.8%) 2 (0.2%)
Eczema (ICD9: 692.9) 200 (7.6%) 48 (4.5%) 154 (8.1%) 42 (5.1%)
Multiple infections (ICD9: 796.6) 140 (5.3%) 183 (17.0%) 105 (5.5%) 141 (17.2%)
Migraine (ICD9: 346.9) 202 (7.7%) 16 (1.5%) 146 (7.7%) 12 (1.5%)
Atopic dermatitis (ICD9: 691.8) 131 (5.0%) 216 (20.1%) 99 (5.2%) 175 (21.4%)
Allergic rhinitis (ICD9: 477.9) 215 (8.2%) 58 (5.4%) 161 (8.5%) 45 (5.5%)
Headache (ICD9: 784.0) 216 (8.2%) 71 (6.6%) 155 (8.1%) 45 (5.5%)
Sleep disorders (ICD9: 780.5) 185 (7.0%) 77 (7.2%) 127 (6.7%) 58 (7.1%)
* Multiple diagnoses allowed
Table 2: Number of patients receiving non-homeopathic treatments during the last 5 years of follow-up, grouped whether or not they
still were under homeopathic treatment
Adults Children
total still under treatment treatment stopped total still under treatment treatment stopped
Conventional medicines 881* (46.3%) 255 (37.6%) 625 (52.5%) 154 (18.8%) 40 (18.3%) 114 (19.0%)
Acupuncture 402 (21.1%) 155 (22.9%) 247 (20.8%) 38 (4.6%) 8 (3.7%) 30 (5.0%)
Yoga 181 (9.5%) 79 (11.7%) 102 (8.6%) 10 (1.2%) 6 (2.7%) 4 (0.7%)
Relaxation therapies# 176 (9.2%) 56 (8.3%) 120 (10.1%) 13 (1.6%) 2 (0.9%) 11 (1.8%)
Energetic therapies# 188 (9.9%) 68 (10.0%) 120 (10.1%) 56 (6.8%) 20 (9.1%) 36 (6.0%)
Exercise therapies# 249 (13.1%) 109 (16.1%) 140 (11.8%) 11 (1.3%) 6 (2.7%) 5 (0.8%)
Manual therapies# 108 (5.7%) 53 (7.8%) 55 (4.6%) 16 (2.0%) 9 (4.1%) 7 (1.2%)
Non-conventional
medicines#
60* (3.2%) 15 (2.2%) 44 (3.7%) 6 (0.7%) 2 (0.9%) 4 (0.7%)
* Due to missing values frequencies in subgroups do not add to total frequencies
# For definitions see methods section
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ued were small in children. However in adults patients
who stopped treatment used more frequently conven-
tional medication (53% vs. 38%).
Severity of complaints and quality of life
During the study mean severity of complaints improved
from baseline 6.2 ± 1.7 to 2.7 ± 2.1 after 8 years in adults
and from 6.1 ± 1.8 to 1.7 ± 1.9 in children (table 3, figure
1). From the generalised linear model the respective
standardised mean changes (mean changes divided by
standard deviations at baseline) were estimated at 1.61 for
adults (CI: 1.54 to 2.68, p < 0.001) and 2.01 for children
(CI: 1.89 to 2.12, p < 0.001).
At the 8-years follow-up one in two patients reported
improvements of complaint severity by 50% or more.
These percentages were similar in patients who were still
under homeopathic treatment and those who were not
(table 4).
Accordingly, QoL in adults improved considerably (table
3). This results in effect size estimates of 0.39 (CI: 0.35 to
0.45, p < 0.001) in the physical score and 0.54 (CI: 0.48
to 0.60, p < 0.001) in the mental score, respectively.
These 8-year figures were nearly identical to those after 2
years (table 3) suggesting that the patients' health status
did not worsen along time. Again, in children there were
no relevant differences between those who stopped
homeopathic treatment and those who continued,
whereas in those adults who continued treatment we
found slightly higher effects.
Overall satisfaction
731 (38.4%) adults and 342 (41.8%) children reported to
be "very satisfied" with the treatment, in contrast only 246
(12.9%) adults and 84 (10.3%) children were "little satis-
fied". Accordingly, most patients would use homeopathy
again and recommend it to friends with similar com-
plaints (table 5).
Predictors of success
1283 adults (67.4% of the study population, 48.7% of all
responders) and 655 children (80.0%/61.0%) experi-
enced a clinically relevant treatment success, defined as an
improvement of complaint severity of 2 pts or more. From
the logistic regression we found that this was more likely
in women than in men, and in children than in adults.
Patients who simultaneously used other treatments (con-
ventional or complementary) had a smaller chance to
improve relevantly, as did those suffering from allergies,
allergic rhinitis, or headache. In contrast, a diagnosis of
multiple infections was a positive predictor (table 6).
Discussion
In our study we extended former results on the course of
disease in patients receiving homeopathic treatment, now
presenting data from an 8-year follow-up. These data con-
sistently show substantial health improvements in
patients under homeopathic treatment, which persisted
Table 3: Course of mean complaint severity and quality of life during the study, grouped whether or not the patients still were under
homeopathic treatment
baseline 2 years 8 years 2 years change 8 years change
Adults
Severity of complaints
total 6.2 ± 1.7 2.9 ± 2.2 2.7 ± 2.1 3.2 ± 2.4 3.5 ± 2.4
still under hom. treatment 6.0 ± 1.6 2.6 ± 1.9 2.4 ± 1.9 3.4 ± 2.3 3.6 ± 2.2
hom. treatment stopped 6.2 ± 1.8 3.0 ± 2.3 2.8 ± 2.2 3.2 ± 2.4 3.4 ± 2.5
Quality of life, physical score
total -0.36 ± 0.96 0.08 ± 0.85 0.08 ± 0.89 0.42 ± 0.91 0.41 ± 1.00
still under hom. treatment -0.34 ± 0.92 0.16 ± 0.79 0.15 ± 0.81 0.48 ± 0.89 0.48 ± 0.95
hom. treatment stopped -0.37 ± 0.39 0.04 ± 0.89 0.04 ± 0.93 0.41 ± 0.91 0.38 ± 1.02
Quality of life, mental score
total -1.47 ± 1.43 -0.56 ± 1.23 0.53 ± 1.26 0.87 ± 1.41 0.95 ± 1.51
still under hom. treatment -1.43 ± 1.44 -0.49 ± 1.19 -0.43 ± 1.17 0.89 ± 1.41 1.00 ± 1.52
hom. treatment stopped -1.50 ± 1.43 -0.61 ± 1.24 -0.59 ± 1.31 0.86 ± 1.48 0.92 ± 1.51
Children
Severity of complaints
total 6.1 ± 1.8 2.2 ± 2.0 1.7 ± 1.9 3.9 ± 2.5 4.4 ± 2.6
still under hom. treatment 6.1 ± 1.7 2.1 ± 1.9 1.8 ± 1.9 4.0 ± 2.4 4.3 ± 2.4
hom. treatment stopped 6.1 ± 1.8 2.2 ± 2.1 1.7 ± 1.9 3.9 ± 2.6 4.4 ± 2.6
6. BMC Public Health 2008, 8:413 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/413
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through the whole observation period. Improvements
were more pronounced in younger patients, females, and
those with greater disease severity at baseline.
The methodological strengths of our study include con-
secutive enrolment of a large sample size, the participa-
tion of approximately 1% of all physicians certified to
practice homeopathy in Germany and the use of standard-
ised outcome instruments also used in studies on conven-
tional therapy.
Moreover, our study provides a reasonably representative
sample of all patients attending a doctor practicing classi-
cal homeopathy in Germany. The subset of patients
responding to the 8-year follow up matched fairly well the
data of the complete sample: although female adults were
slightly overrepresented in this sample, data on age, com-
plaint severity at baseline or duration of disease were
nearly identical between those who responded after 8
years and those who did not. We therefore believe that
selection bias is small and that our data are generalisable.
Severity of complaints (mean ± standard deviation)Figure 1
Severity of complaints (mean ± standard deviation).
0
2
4
6
8
10
study entry 2 years 8 years
meancomplaint(NRS)
children
adults
Table 4: Number of patients whose change in symptom scores indicates improvements or worsening of complaints at the 8-years
follow-up, grouped whether or not they still were under homeopathic treatment
Adults
n (%)
Children
n (%)
total still under treatment treatment stopped total still under treatment treatment stopped
cured
(all complaints vanished)
243 (12.8%) 86 (12.7%) 157 (13.2%) 247 (30.2%) 62 (28.3%) 185 (30.9%)
complaint severity improved
≥ 50%
918 (48.2%) 372 (54.9%) 545 (45.8%) 397 (48.5%) 111 (50.7%) 286 (47.7%)
complaint severity improved
≥ 10%
488 (25.6%) 162 (23.9%) 326 (27.4%) 121 (14.8%) 31 (14.2%) 90 (15.0%)
complaint severity worsened
≥ 10%
90 (4.7%) 21 (3.1%) 69 (5.8%) 32 (3.9%) 8 (3.7%) 24 (4.0%)
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Our study was designed to evaluate homeopathic treat-
ment in patients with various multiple diagnoses. This
disallowed the use of disease-specific measurement
instruments. Instead we used a numeric rating scale which
is validated, often used [14] and allowed for assessments
of a specific complaint as well as for generalization and
interpretation across various diagnoses. Using generic
QoL questionnaires served the same purpose.
As patients were allowed to use conventional therapies
and other complementary therapies during the study
period, the observed improvements cannot be attributed
to homeopathic treatment alone. The aim of this study,
however, was not to test the effectiveness of homeopathic
drug treatment, but rather provide an unbiased represen-
tation of contemporary homeopathic health care and its
outcome in routine care.
The mean change of the severity ratings after 8 years was
large. This may be partly explained by placebo and/or
regression to the mean effects that our study was not
designed to control. We thus cannot rule out overestima-
tion of the treatment effect. The QoL improvements, on
the other hand, may have been greater than recorded: The
SF-36 is unlikely to overestimate changes, its mental scales
have been found to be less sensitive than the mental und
social scales of other instruments such as the Duke Health
Profile [15]. It is most unlikely that regression to the mean
accounts for all QoL improvement that we have described:
on the physical scale the adults scored even better than the
average German population. Moreover, patients in this
study suffered from long-term chronic diseases and nearly
all of them were conventionally pretreated [10]. This
strengthens the likelihood that the improvement is not
purely due to the natural history of the condition.
It is of note that the differences in the outcome between
those patients who stopped treatment and those who still
continued were small. Most patients reported improve-
ments and only 5% of patients stopped treatment because
of aggravations.
Moreover, only few diagnoses turned out as a predictive
factor for treatment success. This might be taken as an
indicator that the difference in outcome was similar for
most diagnoses and that diagnosis was not a factor
severely confounding our results.
Patients who used additional treatments had a worse out-
come than those who did not. This presumably does not
reflect the fact that these treatments were ineffective or
even harmful, but is more likely a consequence from self-
selection: patients who did not benefit from the homeo-
pathic treatment are more likely to seek additional treat-
ment.
To our knowledge, the present study is the first to evaluate
systematically health effects under homeopathic treat-
Table 5: Patients' assessments of homeopathic treatment (each scale assessed on a NRS from 0 = I totally disagree to 10 = I absolutely
agree; mean ± standard deviation)
Adults Children
"I would let my disease be treated again homeopathically" 7.5 ± 3.2 7.7 ± 3.0
"I would recommend homeopathy to my friends" 7.7 ± 3.0 7.8 ± 2.9
"I would use homeopathy with other diseases" 8.2 ± 2.6 8.0 ± 2.5
"I find homeopathy logically comprehensible" 7.3 ± 2.8 6.5 ± 2.8
Table 6: Prediction of treatment success (mean complaint improvement >2 pts on a NRS from 0–10) from a logistic regression
analysis
Predictor Odds-ratio p-value
Mean complaint at baseline (each pt) 1.74 (1.63 to 1.85) <.001
Age (each 10 years) 0.83 (0.78 to 0.88) <.001
Men (vs women) 0.73 (0.59 to 0.89) 0.003
Additional non-homeopathic co-medication 0.46 (0.37 to 0.56) <.001
Additional treatment at naturopath 0.72 (0.57 to 0.90) 0.003
Additional treatment: Cupping 0.46 (0.23 to 0.91) 0.025
Additional treatment: Osteopathy 0.63 (0.38 to 1.06) 0.081
Diagnosis: allergy (ICD9: 995.3) 0.63 (0.43 to 0.91) 0.014
Diagnosis: allergic rhinitis (ICD9: 477.9) 0.66 (0.47 to 0.92) 0.013
Diagnosis: multiple infections (ICD9: 796.9) 1.60 (1.09 to 2.34) 0.016
Diagnosis: headache (ICD9: 784.0) 0.68 (0.48 to 0.97) 0.033
8. BMC Public Health 2008, 8:413 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/413
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ment for such a long observation period and with a high
follow-up rate. Güthlin et al., for example, investigated
933 chronically ill German homeopathy patients for a
period of 30 months (only 129 providing data at that time
point) and found comparable QoL effect sizes [16]. In
England, Spence et al. followed over 6.500 patients from
a single homeopathic outpatient unit for an individual
time period (maximum 6 years, average unknown) [17].
Using a 7-point Likert scale of global clinical impression
as an outcome measure they estimated that about 50% of
all patients showed relevant improvements, a figure that
matches our estimates. Several other investigations from
different countries in Europe or America report similar
health effects in various diseases within the first year after
homeopathic treatment. Here the percentages of patients
who experienced substantial improvements were consist-
ently above 50%, [15,18-28], although conventional
medication was reduced [20,23,24].
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that patients who seek homeo-
pathic treatment are likely to improve considerably,
although this effect must not be attributed to homeo-
pathic treatment alone. These effects persisted for 8 years.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
CMW was substantially involved in the conception and
design of the study, supervised it, helped to interpret the
data, and revised the manuscript critically. RL was respon-
sible for the analysis and interpretation of data and wrote
the first draft of the manuscript. NM was responsible for
data acquisition, helped to interpret the data and revised
the manuscript critically. SNW was substantially involved
in the conception and design of the study, acquired fund-
ing, and revised the manuscript critically. All authors read
and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by a grant from the Karl and Veronica Carstens-
Foundation, Essen, Germany. We thank all participating physicians and
patients and Iris Bartsch for data collection and Katja Wruck for data man-
agement.
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