How does a gender lens contribute to a healthy environment and healthy people? Intersections between gender, HIV and migration: Lessons from South Africa
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1) The document discusses how gender influences health and the environment in the context of migration, HIV/AIDS, and food security in South Africa. 2) It presents results from a household survey of 500 households in Johannesburg that show female-headed households are larger and women are more likely to feel at risk of HIV than men. 3) The study finds a need to consider women's multiple roles and vulnerabilities to design more effective health interventions for migrants, given trends toward more female migration and the burden of sickness.
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How does a gender lens contribute to a healthy environment and healthy people? Intersections between gender, HIV and migration: Lessons from South Africa
- 3. South Africa
- 5. Migration, food security, and HIV/ AIDS: results from a household survey in Johannesburg Selected Areas Informal settlement Sol- Plaatjies 200 households Formal Sector Berea, Hillbrow and Jeppestown 300 households
- 6. Sol- Plaatjies Informal settlement Johannesburg © Sol Plaatjies participatory photo project participants and the Market Photo Workshop
- 7. © Sol Plaatjies participatory photo project participants and the Market Photo Workshop
- 8. Johannesburg inner city Photos Per Herbertsson
- 10. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Household size male headed households 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Household size female headed households . Household size and gender of the head of the household Overall, a household of 2 or 3 people is the most common size. Female headed households are bigger than male headed households. Generally, female headed households consist of 3 or more people. Frequency
- 11. Men’s Migration Networks: Who did you know in Johannesburg prior to migrating? South African migrant men Foreign migrant men Men, both nationals and foreigners tend to migrate alone. In most cases, men have ‘other relatives’ in Johannesburg as well as a brother. The do not follow their wives or partners Relative frequency 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Brother Other relative 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Relative frequency Brother Other relative
- 13. To who do your send remittances? 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Relative frequency 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 . In the first place for both: remittances sent by men and women are sent to parents. Women are more likely than men to send remittances to siblings and close relatives. Parents Siblings MEN WOMEN Parents Siblings Relative frequency
Editor's Notes
- This presentation aims to draw lessons for a better understanding of the gendered nature of migration and health and to explore some of the gaps and challenges in HIV/AIDS related research.
- Say something about the restriction for black migrants during apartheid to migrate.
- South Africa has the biggest population living with HIV globally. It has an adult prevalence estimated in almost 20%. It is in an increasingly urban problem. A number of different reasons have been advanced to explain the general picture of HIV/AIDS : poverty, economic marginalisation, patters of sexual contacts. Migration patterns in South Africa have been seen as one of the key aspects to understanding the high rates of infection in the region. Male migrants and particularly mineworkers and truck drivers, have been the focus of research on the relationship between HIV and migration At times their partners usually called women at risk have been included in the research Yet little attention has been paid to the vulnerabilities of female migrants themselves to HIV infection and the challenges women migrant face in a preventive behaviour.
- Gender and Health. Migrants linkages with home: women do not cut off links with the households in their places of origins.... transnational and trans-border
- This is the informal settelement with various types of housing the lack of services water, electricity, represents an additional burden for women to perform reproductive task..
- The strcuture of the household: The second person in male headed households is mostly a wife or a partner, whereas in the case of women the second person is a son or a daughter. Thus often in a female headed household there is not a second adult to rely on not only for the reproductive work but also in case of sickness
- This show migration patterns in terms of migratory networks are structurated by gender. Women migrate to reunite with their partens. They show to have a closer and more diversified network where other women play a supportive role
- Almost half of the women interviewed send remittances home in money, food and goods. Women and men send in the first place to their parents but women send more often than men also to their siblings and other relatives. We asked what would they do if they were sick with HIV AIDS and 62.1% migrants would go back home, as opposed to 35 % who declare they would stay. Of those who declare they would stay, they mostly are women, partners or head of households themselves, This shows the responsability of women as a providers and caretakers of others. We asked wether and how would they support their families back home in case of they were sick with HIV Aids, they would help by sending money, in 50% of the cases. Women declare they would bring the sick person from home to the city
- We also asked if they know anybody sick with HIV Aids, 20% declared to know somebody and from that percentage 24.5 were members of the household. Only women reporterd thta their own child and a neighbour as being affected by HIV AID.
- So while women have tested more often than men, this finding does not reflect women`s perception of risk but rather a routine procedure during pregnancy
- 2. Differences among gender are more pronounced and significant than being internal or international migrants. This highlights the need to integrate a gender perspective into the studies of migration and health. For example: female headed households in both South African and foreigner migrants are bigger households and larger number of children. Gender dimension explains the dynamics of the migration networks, perception of risk, types of remittances. While women are taking more roles and responsibilities, it seem to be a gap in terms of prevention for HiV Aids
- 2) There are questions arise around perception of risk and prevention that needs to be addressed