How can a resource like wood be monitored and results presented to stakeholder?_Prof. Dr. Udo Mantau_BioHome Summer School

06.06.2019
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How can a resource like wood be monitored and
results presented to stakeholder?“
BioHome Summer School
INFRO – Informationssysteme für Rohstoffe
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1. Introduction
1.1 The relevance of wood is increasing
1.2 Basic structure of wood markets
2. Developments of wood markets
3. Data
4. Models
4.1 Wood Resource Balance (WRB)
4.2 Wood Flow Analysis (WFA)
Übersicht
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cascadesresources
recycling
disposal
climate - CO2bioeconomy
bioenergy
circular economy
wood industryround wood
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1.2 The wood value chain
Mantau U. Blanke C. (2019): xyxy.
Finished
products
Finished
product
markets
Semi-
finished
products
Semi-
finished
product
markets
Raw
material
products
Raw
material
markets
Waste
wood &
paper
Panel
Particle-
board
Construction
Walls
Flooring
…
…
Furniture
Packaging
…
Fibreboard
PlywoodPulp
Forestry
Wood
industry
Disposal
Recycling
Stem-
wood
Saw mill
residues
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Sectors, producer or industries are processes in a material flow analysis
1.2 Market struture – sectors / producer / industries
raw materials producer semi-finished products ind. finished product industry
forestry (logs) saw mill industry building materials
forestry (other roundwood) panel industry furniture
forestry - residues pulp industry packaging
industry - bark other traditional wood industry paper
landscape care plants other new bio-based industry other traditional finished
agriculture (SRP) pellet industry and other other new bio-based finished
saw mills (residues) liquid wood fuels producer non-wood sectors
wood industry (residues) firewood producer biom. power pl. > 1 MW
black liquor wood processing plants biom. power pl. < 1 MW
households and industry disposal companies private housholds
producer and/or industry sectors
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Materials and products are flows in a material flow balance
1.2 Market struture – materials / products
raw materials semi-finished products finished products
logs sawn wood building products
other roundwood panel furniture
forest residues pulp packaging
bark (residue from industry) other traditional wood products paper
landscape work other new bio-based wood prod. other traditional finished prod.
agriculture (SRP) plantation pellets, chips and other other new bio-based finish. prod.
saw mill by-products liquid wood fuels out of balance (transportation)
other industr. rest wood raw wood for energy use power and heat / large plants
black liquor residues and recycling mat. heat and power / small plants
waste wood (PCW) disposal companies firewood
unspecified raw materials unspecified semi-finished prod. unspecified finished products
materials and/or products
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1.2 The cubic meter
Mantau
Round wood equivalent:
How much roundwood is originally needed to produce one unit of a wooden product
(table)?
A roundwood equivalen includes all residues of all prossessing stages, thus double counting.
1 m³ table = 1,25 m³ sawnwood = 2.09 m³ roundwood
- where the residue to produce a tabel from sawnwood is 25% and to produce sawnwood
from roundwood is 60% (1*1,25*1.67=2,09)
Solid wood equivalent:
How much solid cubic meter of wood is transfered from one sector to another?
It is a conversion factor between single stages of the value chain, but not added up over
the whole value chain. Product and residues are calculated seperately.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
in Mio. m³other material uses
pulp industry
panel industry
saw mill industry
Quelle: MANTAU, U. (2012): Holzrohstoffbilanz Deutschland, Entwicklungen und Szenarien des Holzaufkommens und der Holzverwendung, Hamburg, 2012, 65 S. Fortschreibung
acumulated material
uses in swe
2 Developments of wood markets
Development of material uses in Germany
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
in Mio m³ - kumulativ
BHPP < 1 MW
BHPP ≥ 1 MW
Private households
Development od energy uses in Germany
acumulated energy
uses in swe
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Material and energy wood use
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
in hm³
material wood use
energy wood use
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Exkurs – EU Market developments
Wood availability – Cascade and SustainBio
– study
FAO statsitics and own calculations
Structural
changes in wood
industry
development
1. Post war build-up phase (1950-1973)2. Saturation phase with no or low growth (1975-1990)3. Globalization phase (1991-2009)4. Post globalization or low carbon phase (starting 2010)
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Organisationsebene
Systematiken der
Wirtschaftstätigkeiten
Vereinte Nationen
EU
National
Gütersystematiken
ISIC Rev. 3
KNNACE Rev. 1
Nationale Fassungen
der NACE Rev. 1
HS
PRODCOM
CPC SITC Rev. 3
CPA
Produktion Handel
Nat. Fassungen
der CPA
Nat. Fassungen
von PRODCOM
Nat. Fassungen
der KN
Für das verarbeitende
Gewerbe:
Bsp. Deutschland GP 95 WAWZ 93
Quelle: In Anlehnung an Rainer (1999), S.182 und Polte (1994), S.90; eigene Darstellung.
3 Data – secondary sources
International data Systematic
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http://www.
fao.org/
faostat/
en/#data/FO
3 Data – secondary sources
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ROHSTOFFMONITORING Übersicht der durchgeführten Studien - laufend und geplant
nach Erhebungsjahr 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Nr. Märkte Art der Studien V = Vollerhebung; TV = Teilvollerh.; S = Stichprobe; L = Literatustudie bzw. statistische Auswertungen
Verwendung
1 Sägeindustrie S V TVS V V V
2 Zellstoff und Holzschliffindustrie V V V L L V V
3 Holzwerkstoffindustrie V V V L V V V
4 Sonstige stoffl. Verbraucher Furnier und Sperrholz, WPC, Bioraffinerien u.a. LS LS
5 Rinden- und Substrateindustrie L SL SL
6 Große Biomasseanlagen > 1MW V V V V
7 Kleine BMHK unter 1 MW LS V V SL SL
8 Sonst. Kraftw. (Kohle, Zement, Müll) V SL SL
9 Haushalte S S S S S S S
10 New biobased products L L
11 Pelletsindustrie (Holzbriketts) LS L V V
Aufkommen
11 Stammholz L L L L L
12 Industrieholz L L L L L
13 Waldrestholz L L L L L
14 Sägenebenprodukte V S S VS S S S L
15 Sonstiges Industrierestholz S S SL L
16 Hobelspäne S SL L
17 Schwarzlauge * S SL L
18 Rinde S LS LS L
19 Altholz ** V V S S
20 Landschaftspflegematerial L L L
21 Schnellwuchsplantagen L L L L
Zusammenfassungen
23 Holzrohstoffbilanz L L L L L L
V
V
V
Field research plan for user and provider
Financed through the program
„Regenerative Resources – Energy
and Climate Fonds (EKF)“ of the
Federal Ministry of Food and
Agriculture (BMEL) Project
excecuting organisation:
Fachagentur Nachwachsende
Rohstoffe (FNR)
3 Data – primary source - resource monitoring wood
Joint Research Project
Resource monitoring WOOD
- since 1999
Resource mix of wood industry
sawn wood, panel, pulp
Determination of univers and resource mix
for BHPP, privat households, waste wood
Analysis of resource availability
Imputation for continuous data
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Resource mix by sector in %
(Example: biomass power plants > 1 MW in Germany 2011)
Quelle:
3.2 Resource mix of processing
36,8
4,6
7,6
2,9
14,2
7,6
9,5
1,0
15,9
post consumer wood
saw mill by products
other industrial residues
stem wood
forest residues
bark
landscape care wood
other assortments
black liquer
What for is that
information
needed?
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Capture unknown markets - data
3. Data - questionaires
Reports resource monitoring
2015-2017
2015 Private households
2016 Panel industry
2016 Pulp industry
2016 Saw mill industrie
2017 Biomass heat and power < 1MW
2017 BMHPP > 1 MW
2017 Waste wood
2018 Summary reporet
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Schleswig-
Holstein
Hamburg
Niedersachsen
Bremen
Nordrhein-Westfalen
Hessen
Rheinland-
Pfalz
Baden-
Württemberg
Bayern
Saarland
Berlin
Brandenburg
Mecklenburg-
Vorpommern
Sachsen
Sachsen-Anhalt
Thüringen
Kronoply
Glunz Nettgau
Pfleiderer Neumarkt
Egger Brilon
Egger Wismar
Nolte
Rauch Spanplattenwerk
Homatherm
Pfleiderer Leutkirch
Pfleiderer Baruth
Gutex Holzfaserplattenwerk H. Henselmann
Holzwerk Gebr. Schneider
Glunz Meppen
Glunz Eiweiler
Spanplattenwerk Gotha
Homanit
elka-Holzwerke
Egger Bevern
Werzalit
Pfleiderer Gütersloh
Kronospan Steinheim-Sandebeck
Sauerländer Spanplatten
100.000 m³
500.000 m³
1.000.000 m³
Spanplatte
OSB
MDF/HDF
LDF
Fiberboard Baruth
BHW Beeskow
Kronospan Lampertswalde
Schleswig-
Holstein
Hamburg
Niedersachsen
Bremen
Nordrhein-Westfalen
Hessen
Rheinland-
Pfalz
Baden-
Württemberg
Bayern
Saarland
Berlin
Brandenburg
Mecklenburg-
Vorpommern
Sachsen
Sachsen-Anhalt
Thüringen
Zellstoff Stendal
UPM Plattling MD Papier
Zellstoff- und Papierfabrik Rosenthal
SCA Hygiene Products
Stora Enso Kabel
Sappi Stockstadt
Sappi Ehingen
UPM Werk Schongau
Sappi Alfeld
UPM Werk Augsburg
Stora Enso Maxau
Walsum Papier
Baiersbronn Frischfaser Karton
UPM Ettringen Gebrüder Lang Papierfabrik
Katz
Holzstoff
Sulfitzellstoff
Sulfatzellstoff
100.000 t
250.000 t
500.000 t
Kartendarstellung Easymap
Lutum+Tappert
Arctic Paper Mochenwangen
Holz- und Zellstoffindustrie Holzwerkstoffindustrie
Regionalisierung
durch
Standortinformationen
Kartendarstellung Easymap
Lutum+Tappert
Schleswig-
Holstein
Hamburg
Niedersachsen
Bremen
Nordrhein-Westfalen
Hessen
Rheinland-
Pfalz
Baden-
Württemberg Bayern
Saarland
Berlin
Brandenburg
Mecklenburg-
Vorpommern
Sachsen
Sachsen-Anhalt
Thüringen
Nadelholzbetriebe
Laubholzbetriebe
Mischbetriebe
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Rohstoffzusammensetzung der energetischen Holznachfrage in
Biomasseanlagen > 1 MW in %
2006 2011 2016
mit Schwarzlauge
2016
16,136
Mio. t lutro
24,194
Mio. m³ (s)
3. Data – resource misx im BHPP > 1 MW
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Development of sawnwood production – statistic and calculated
Softwood Hardwood
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017
Laubschnittholz, berichtet Laubschnittholz, hochgerechnet
inMio.m³
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017
Nadelschnittholz, berichtet Nadelschnittholz, hochgerechnet
inMio.m³
3. Data - the problem of underestimation
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Berichterstattung/Berichtssysteme mit Eingang Daten Rohstoffmonitoring
National
• Einschlagsrückrechnung
• WGR (Waldgesamtrechnung)
• FGR (Forstwirtschaftl. Gesamtrechnung)
• AG Energiebilanzen
International
• JFSQ (Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire)
• JWEE (Joint Wood Energy Enquiry)
• Nationaler Fortschrittsbericht EE
• EFA (European Forest Accounting)
3 Data reporting integration
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Basic principal of wood flows and cascading use
Quelle:
sources uses
[ mio. m³] [ mio. m³]
industrial Roundwood 100 100 sawmill industrys
industrial Roundwood - unrep. 20 panel industry
fuelwood – JFSQ 10 pulp industry
fuelwood – unrep. other physical utilization
bark 10 wood fuel industry
used logging residues 5 power and heat
woody biomass outside forest 4 industrial internal
chips, particles & residues 40 5 private households
pulp production co-products 4
undifferentiated energy
use
recovered wood
processed wood fuel 10 cascade factor 1,54
4.1 Models – Wood Resource Balance (WRB)
∑ total sources: 154 100% 100% 154 ∑ total uses
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Definition of cascading use
Quelle:
Cascading use is the efficient utilisation of resources
by using residues and recycled materials
to extend total biomass availability
within a given system.
Cascading use of wood takes place when
wood is processed into a product
and this product or occurring residues
are used at least once more
either for material or energy purposes.
4.1 Models
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Quelle:
4.1 Models – balance calculation
stemwood landscape c.w. black liq. short rotation plant.
forest residues saw mill by p. post cons. Wood out of balance
bark other ind. Res. solid wood fuels
A1 STW FRES BRK LCW SBP OIR BLL PCW SWF SRP OUT
demand 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
% % % % % % % % % % % M m³
sawmill industry 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 196,4
veneer plywood 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 11,4
pulp industry 0,72 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,24 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 141,8
panel industry 0,34 0,04 0,03 0,00 0,33 0,09 0,00 0,17 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 92,3
other material uses 0,65 0,00 0,35 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 14,8
forest sect. intern. use 0,00 0,06 0,23 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,70 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 85,5
biomass power plants 0,09 0,10 0,08 0,21 0,08 0,26 0,00 0,15 0,03 0,01 0,00 1,00 83,2
households (pellets) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 0,0
households (other) 0,55 0,09 0,10 0,10 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,00 0,00 0,10 1,00 154,5
liquid biofuels 0,30 0,40 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,20 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 0,0
0,35 0,10 0,05 0,00 0,50 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,00 0,0
5,00 0,83 0,84 0,31 1,16 0,35 0,90 0,47 1,03 0,01 0,10 779,9
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Quelle:
stemwood landscape c.w. black liq. short rotation plant.
forest residues saw mill by p. post cons. Wood out of balance
bark other ind. res. solid wood fuels
A1 STW FRES BRK LCW SBP OIR BLL PCW SWF SRP OUT
demand 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
% % % % % % % % % % % M m³
sawmill industry 196,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 196,4
veneer plywood 11,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 11,4
pulp industry 102,1 5,7 0,0 0,0 34,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 141,8
panel industry 31,8 3,4 2,8 0,0 30,7 8,2 0,0 15,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 92,3
other material uses 9,6 0,0 5,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 14,8
forest sect. intern. use 0,0 5,1 19,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 59,8 0,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 85,5
biomass power plants 7,5 8,3 6,7 17,5 6,7 21,6 0,0 12,1 2,5 0,5 0,0 83,3
households (pellets) 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 29,3 0,0 0,0 29,3
households (other) 85,0 13,9 15,5 15,5 1,5 0,0 0,0 7,7 0,0 0,0 15,5 154,5
liquid biofuels 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
producer of wood fuels 9,6 2,8 1,4 0,0 13,8 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 27,6
total 453,4 39,2 51,1 32,9 86,7 29,8 59,8 36,1 31,8 0,5 15,5 836,8
4.1 Models – balance calculation
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material flow
data calculation
4.1 The principle of backward calculation
Example: Wood volume used in construction
Germany 2016
28.6 hm³ 20.5 hm³ 16.9 hm³
8.1 hm³ 3.6 hm³
Source: INFRO, Heinze Marktforschung, CO2-Bericht „Holz im Bau“
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Potential in M m³ 2010 in % 2010 in % Demand in M m³
StemwoodC,ME 362 36.4 196 23.8 Sawmillindustry
StemwoodNC,ME 182 18.3 11 1.3 Veneer& plywood industry
Forestresidues,ME 118 11.9 143 17.3 Pulp industry
Bark,ME 24 2.4 92 11.1 Panelindustry
Landscapec.w. (USE) ME 59 5.9 15 1.8 Othermaterialuses
Shortrotation plantation - - 21 2.5 Producer solid wood fuels
Sawmillby-products 87 8.8 86 10.4 Forest sector intern. use
Otherindustrialresidues 30 3.0 83 10.1 Biomass power plants
Black liquor 60 6.0 23 2.8 Households(pellets)
Produced solid wood fuels 21 2.1 155 18.8 Households(other)
Post-consumer wood 52 5.2 0 0.0 Liquid biofuels
Total 994 100.0 825 100.0 Total
4.1 Models – the principle of counter checking
data calculation
What made the difference?
Energy use included.
Backward calculation
leads to:
• Double check of data
• More realistic felling statistics
• Broader feedstock
assessment
• Transparent flows
- still unknown
EUwood study
EU27 2010
(A1 scenario)
Potential in hm³ Uses in hm³
Source: Mantau U. et al. 2010: EUwood - Real potential for changes in growth and use of EU forests
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Sources in hm³ EU28 2010 Uses in hm³
Softwood lumber 297.5 183.2 Saw mills
Hardwood lumber 142.2 3.4 Veneer/plywood plants
Forest residues 30.6 90.4 Panel industry
Bark 43.3 126.2 Primary pulp industry
Landscape care wood 42.0 141.6 Secondary pulp industry
Short rotation plantation 0.9 3.3 NBP-Industrie
Saw mill residues 77.4 23.2 Pelletindustrie
Other industrial residues 22.3 0.0 Liquid Wood Fuels
Black liquor 56.9 206.4 Raw wood for Energy
NBP residues 0.0 111.8 Residues for energy
Finished industry residues 23.9 36.9 Recovery for energy
Waste wood 36.3
Waste paper 141.6
Balance adjustment 11.6 Balance adjustment
Total 926.6 926.6 Total
Wood resource balance of semi-finished products
4.1 Models – wood resource balance (WRB)
Sources (not potential) on the
left side of the balance
calculated from uses via
resource mix.
Waste paper and secondary
pulp added.
Wood for energy as a semi-
finished production step
included.
Energy use shifted to
next step – end-use sector.
Cascade study 2016
EU28 2010
improvements
Source: Mantau U., Blanke C. 2016: Status of cascading use in the EU. In: Vis M., Mantau U., Allen B. (Eds.)
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Roundwood – wood in the rough
Quelle:
4.1 Models – calculation of one resource
Energy plants > 1MW
0.840 1.2%
Energy plants < 1MW
3.463 4.9%
households
14.214 20.3%
Recorded availability (RA)
56.946 77.8%
Total availability (TA)
73.204 100.0%
Unrecorded availability (UA)
16.258 22.2%
Change in Stock (CiS)
-0.036 0.0%
Import (Im)
2.820 3.9%
Export (Ex)
6.070 8.3%
Calc. domestic availability (CDA)
69.990 100.0%
Pulp industry
6.184 8.8%
Panel industry
7.470 10.7%
Sawmill industry
37.234 53.2%
Other material uses *)
0.585 0.8%
Other energy uses
0.000 0.0%
TA = CDA + (Ex – Im) + ΔCiS UA = TA - RA
Consumption (CDA) = (RA + UA) + (Im – Ex) + ΔCiS where (RA = production when UA = 0)
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Make a double check on data!
Partial balances detect data inconsistencies
4.1 Methods - counter checking with partial balances
sources 2016 uses 2016
1.000 m³ 1.000 t % 1.000 m³ 1.000 t %
disposal companies
collection 11.036 6.346 82,7 1.866 1.073 14,0 panel industry
import 444 255 3,3 11.222 6.453 84,1 BMHPP ≥1 MW
net foreign trade 1.717 987 12,9 249 143 1,9 BMHPP <1 MW
unknown sources 140 81 1,1
total 13.337 7.669 100,0 13.337 7.669 100,0 total
Counter checking principle „source = uses“
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A process on further processing occurs normally for sem-finished and for finished products,
but maybe differenciated even more.
sources hm³ % hm³ % uses
saw mills 14,6 87,6 6,3 38,0 panel industry
import 0,8 4,6 3,8 22,9 pulp industry
export -1,2 -7,3 10,1 60,9 matreial use
(undefined sources) 2,4 11,3 3,9 23,5 pellets and other
domestic availability 16,6 100,0 1,0 6,2 BMHPP ≥1 MW
1,6 9,4 BMHPP <1 MW
6,5 39,1 energy use
Insgesamt 16,6 100,0 16,6 200,0 Insgesamt
partial wood resource balance - saw mill residues - 2016
Counter checking principle „source = uses“
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Partial balances disclose underestimates in statistics and make resource utilisation transparent.
Counter checking principle „uses = sources = statistical reporting ?“
Sources 2016 2016 Uses
in hm³ in % in hm³ in %
wood in the rough (roundwood) 36.2 54.3 saw mill industry
gross domestic use 66.7 100.0 7.2 10.8 panel industry
- import 7.8 11.8 6.0 9.0 pulp industry
+ export 3.5 5.2 0.2 0.3 other wood industry
- change in stock -0.2 -0.3 49.6 74.4 material use
= net domestic use 62.5 93.7
0.2 0.3 energy wood producer
reported fellings 54.4 0.4 0.6 biom. power pl. > 1 MW
unregistered fellings 8.1 1.1 1.6 biom. power pl. < 1 MW
15.5 23.2 private housholds
0.0 0.0 other wood energy user
17.1 25.6 energy use
Total 66.7 100.0 66.7 100.0 Total
Wood Resource Balance, Germany
Source: Mantau U. et al. 2018: Rohstoffmonitoring Holz, Erwartungen und Möglichkeiten. Ed. FNR – Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
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Photo by Christina WaitkusPhoto by Udo Mantau
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4.1 Model – further developments
Added a finished products
balance.
Clearly seperated
semi-finished from
finished production processes.
Energy intermediates
calculated only once.
Placed energy use on the level of
other end-uses.
Calculation of the paper section is relatively easy,
but what about construction?
Wood resource balance from semi-finished to finished productsCascade study 2016
EU28 2010
improvements
Sources in hm³ EU28 2010 Uses in hm³
Sawn wood 93.8 78.0 Construction
Panels, veneer and plywood 80.5 71.9 Furniture
Pulp 231.9 17.3 Packaging
NBP-products 1.4 7.2 Other
Pellets and other 23.2 231.9 Paper industry
Liquid wood fuel 0.0 1.4 NBP-finished products
Raw wood for energy 206.4 110.8 BMHPP in wood indsutry
Residues for energy 111.8 102.4 BMHPP other
Recycling material for energy 36.9 165.2 Private households
Total 785.9 785.9 Total
Wood resource balance of finished products
Nr. 36
www.infro.eu
4.1 International adaptation of wood resource balances
JRC – Wood resource balances 2009-2015 and wood flows
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/wood-resource-balances_en / https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/forestry-sankey
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cascades
recycling
resources
energy
disposal
CO2
Results
and
political
aspects
4.2 Models
Wood
Flow
Analysis
Nr. 38
www.infro.eu
2015
4.2 The wood circle – value chain
The wood circle main sectors:
Wood Flow EU 2010, Cascade study 2016
Source: Mantau U., Blanke C. 2016: Status of cascading use in the EU.
In: Vis M., Mantau U., Allen B. (Eds.)
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Nr. 39
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N
A
D
E
L
h
o
l
z
L
A
U
B
h
o
l
z
?What
is
what?
4.2 Hot spots of cascading system
(1) Used paper realised system of
cascading use.
(2) Post-consumer wood (PCW)
utilization
(3) PCW quality crucial for material
use.
(4) Saw mill industry is a key provider of
untreated high quality resources for
cascading use.
(5) Producers in the end-use wood
sectors affect PCW quality by the used
of semi-finished products and other
wood treatment.
10
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21
(6) Cascading occurs mainly in the
softwood flow because it is most applied
in the material value chain.
(7) Subsidies for energy use of wood
lead to higher raw wood flows toward
the energy sector.
(8) Some wood assortments may not be
marketable or cannot be used materially
but have the possibility to substitute
fossil fuels.
(9) Efficient energy wood use saves
biomass by improving heating
technology.
(10) Reliable data on wood availabiulity
and consumption
10
4.2 Hot spots of resource efficiency
The promotion the utilisation of untreated
cascading material (residues and recycled
material) could improve cascading by:
- better material quality of flows
- increased material use because it
becomes more attractive
- tendency to use treated material for
energy
- improvements in the waste industry
- industries remain free to find their
individual most efficient solution under
their technical and regional
circumstances.
10
4.2 Potential for improvement
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22
Nr. 43
www.infro.eu
4.2 The wood circle
„Running flow“ 2000 - 2015 for Germany
Growing energy sector
between 2003 and 2010
Stagnating energy wood use
since 2010.
Source: Mantau U., Blanke C. 2019: Preliminary results of the SymoBio-project
Nr. 44
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4.2 Biomass climate effects
4.1 Wood (m³) is always somewhere – but in different ways!
Total wood climate effects
of different kind
material use
(storage, substitution
and cascading)
energy use
(substitution)
change in standing stock
(storage)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
in hm³
total wood availability material wood use
energy wood use forest change in stock (VFm)
Source: MANTAU, U.: Resource monitoring wood, unpublished
Germany
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4.2 Biomass climate effects
Summary
- wood utilisation and climate effects
- based on cascade study EU28 2010
Different volumes
standing volume
- harvest losses
- bark
- unused roundwood
+ residues
+ recycling material
= material use
+ energy use
Utilisation in hm³ EU28 2010 Disposition in hm³
Standing volume 21,021.0 21,021.0 Standing volume
Growth not harvested 233.7 233.7 Additional standing volume
Material use 407.5 407.5 Carbon storage
Energy use 378.4 378.4 Substitution of fossile fuels
Total utilisation 22,040.6 22,040.6 Total climate effects
Wood storage balance - EU28 2010
Nr. 46
www.infro.eu
Mantau, U. et al. 2010: EUwood - Real potential for changes in growth and use of EU forests. Final report.
Hamburg/Germany, June 2010. 160 p.
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/studies/doc/bioenergy/euwood_final_report.pdf
Mantau U., Blanke C. 2016: Status of cascading use in the EU. In: Vis M., Mantau M., Allen B. (Eds.) 2016: Study
on the optimised cascading use of wood. No 394/PP/ENT/RCH/14/7689. Final report. Brussels 2016. p 9-33
https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/04c3a181-4e3d-11e6-89bd-01aa75ed71a1
Mantau U. et al. 2018: Rohstoffmonitoring Holz, Erwartungen und Möglichkeiten. Ed. FNR - Fachagentur
Nachwachsende Rohstoffe. Report numbers 955, 956, 957
https://mediathek.fnr.de/broschuren/nachwachsende-rohstoffe/holz.html
Johnsson et al (2019): EU Joint Research Center:
https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/wood-resource-balances_en /
https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/forestry-sankey
Selected literature with further sources
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How can a resource like wood be monitored and results presented to stakeholder?_Prof. Dr. Udo Mantau_BioHome Summer School

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