The commitment to reduce emission in all over the world can be depicted in the Paris Agreement. As one of the countries involved, Indonesia made a target to increase the share of renewable energy by 23% in 2030. Furthermore, the incentive given by the government for the photovoltaic (PV) rooftop might attract more people and increase the awareness of renewable energy. However, the rising number of integrated PV rooftop might have an impact on the grid and the overall system. So, in order to make sure the reliability of the system, the hosting capacity is needed. It is a maximum limit of how much PV rooftop can be integrated into the distribution system without disturbing the performance of the system. By implementing the hosting capacity, is expected to avoid an unnecessary problem like overloading, overvoltage, protection failure or power quality problem. This paper discusses general information of technical and economic policy of PV rooftop in Indonesia and also a case to obtained hosting capacity. A radial system which consists of three transformers (A, B, and C) is observed. By using the active power method, the hosting capacity in each point of load and also along the feeder can be obtained. Next, the load is projected to increase by 10%, 20%, 30%, and up to 100% of installed capacity. Then, the hosting capacity and transformer ratio is calculated and analyzed. The result indicated that the PV limit from the government rules affects the hosting capacity calculation where the PV projection is equal as load projection. Finally, this paper is expected to be used as guidance or source of information for the electricity company before accepting more PV rooftop on the grid Keywords—hosting capacity, distributed generation,

1. XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE
Hosting Capacity Analysis for Photovoltaic Rooftop
in Indonesia
Dianing Novita Nurmala Putri
Electrical Engineering Department
Universitas Trisakti
Jakarta, Indonesia
dianingnovita@trisakti.ac.id
Habibi Husain Arifin
Solution Consultant
Dassault Systèmes
Bangkok, Thailand
habibihusain.arifin@3ds.com
Eddie Widiono Suwondo
Chairman
Prakarsa Jaringan Cerdas Indonesia
Jakarta, Indonesia
ewatsuka001@gmail.com
Andrie Syatriawan
Electrical Inspector
ESDM
Jakarta, Indonesia
andrie.syatria@gmail.com
Syamsir Abduh
Electrical Engineering Department
Universitas Trisakti
Jakarta, Indonesia
syamsir_abduh@trisakti.ac.id
Chairul G Irianto
Electrical Engineering Department
Universitas Trisakti
Jakarta, Indonesia
chairul_irianto@trisakti.ac.id
Abstract— The commitment to reduce emission in all over
the world can be depicted in the Paris Agreement. As one of the
countries involved, Indonesia made a target to increase the
share of renewable energy by 23% in 2030. Furthermore, the
incentive given by the government for the photovoltaic (PV)
rooftop might attract more people and increase the awareness
of renewable energy. However, the rising number of integrated
PV rooftop might have an impact on the grid and the overall
system. So, in order to make sure the reliability of the system,
the hosting capacity is needed. It is a maximum limit of how
much PV rooftop can be integrated into the distribution system
without disturbing the performance of the system. By
implementing the hosting capacity, is expected to avoid an
unnecessary problem like overloading, overvoltage, protection
failure or power quality problem. This paper discusses general
information of technical and economic policy of PV rooftop in
Indonesia and also a case to obtained hosting capacity. A radial
system which consists of three transformers (A, B, and C) is
observed. By using the active power method, the hosting
capacity in each point of load and also along the feeder can be
obtained. Next, the load is projected to increase by 10%, 20%,
30%, and up to 100% of installed capacity. Then, the hosting
capacity and transformer ratio is calculated and analyzed. The
result indicated that the PV limit from the government rules
affects the hosting capacity calculation where the PV projection
is equal as load projection. Finally, this paper is expected to be
used as guidance or source of information for the electricity
company before accepting more PV rooftop on the grid
Keywords—hosting capacity, distributed generation, PV
rooftop
I. INTRODUCTION
In order to reach the goal to reduce the greenhouse gas
emission about 29% against the Business as Usual (BAU)
projection and 41% by the international help by the 2030, one
of the Indonesian government plan is to increase the share of
renewable energy by 23% in 2025, where it consists of
4.6GW geothermal, 7.7GW mini-hydro and pump storage,
1GW Solar, 0.6GW wind, and 0.4GW biomass power plant
[1].
Furthermore, the government gives 65% incentive to the
customer, which expected to be a trigger to increase the
number of PV Rooftop in Indonesia. In addition, 414 PV
customers are already connected as per May 2018 and it is
predicted to grow. But, in order to make sure the safety and
reliable system, the technical rules for the parallel operation
with electricity provider should be followed [2].
On the other hand, the intermittency and uncertainty of
renewable energy always become problems, especially for
the distributed energy system. Raising the level of a short
circuit, transient voltage and the problem on the power
quality and reliability becomes a big issue because it is
located near the load [3]. As one of the methods of identifying
the performance of the electricity network, hosting capacity
can be one of the recommended solutions to make sure the
system is reliable.
A different definition of distributed generation has been
introduced by different association. However, the main idea
of distributed generation (DG) is the energy production near
the load which can be varied in terms of capacity with the
number of generations relatively smaller than the main power
plant [4]. Due to diverse condition and terms between
countries, the rules of thumb for DG interconnected also might
be different. For example, based on loading or generation
percentage, in South Africa, the DG should be less than 15%
feeder peak load. While in Canada, the DG should be lower
than feeder or substation annual minimum load (50-100%).
Another example is for the thermal limit condition in Belgium
the total DG on the LV side must be less than the MV/LV
rating of transformer, but in South Africa the total DG
connected should be lower than 25% MV/LV transformer and
feeding CB (in case of shared feeder), and also 75% feeding
CB. And in Canada, the reverse power flow caused by the DG
must be less than 60% of transformer rating at the main
substation as for Italy should be lower than 65% of MV/LV
[5].
In Indonesia, the maximum capacity of DG connected
should be ≤ 25% from the feeder peak load and the short
circuit ≤10% of the short circuit current maximum in the
connection feeder. However, these rules only valid in the
radial distribution system for three conditions. First, if the
distributed generation from the renewable energy less or
equal 2MW and it is connected to 20kV distribution system
in Jawa Bali system, second if it less than 200kW and it is
connected outside Jawa Bali system, and the last one if it less
than 30kW connected to the distribution line. Besides these
conditions, detail study should be accomplished in order to
see the effect of distributed generation in the specific location
where the DG connected.
This paper focuses on the grid-connected PV Rooftop in
the radial distribution system. It provides general information
of PV rooftop in Indonesia, and a simple case to calculate the
hosting capacity in one of the areas in Jakarta. Only one
2019 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Power System
October 1-4, 2019, Bali, Indonesia
978-1-7281-2669-2/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE

2. performance indices are chosen and there is no discussion on
how to improve the hosting capacity. The result is expected
to be referenced to make the approval process easier and
faster for the electricity company.
II. PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOFTOP IN INDONESIA
According to the presidential regulation no.22-year 2017
regarding the utilization of solar energy in national energy
plan until 2050, two important steps should be done. The first
one is to install the PV rooftop in minimum 30% of the
government building and the second one is to install 25% of
PV Rooftop in the housing area [6]. Furthermore, 65%
incentive is given for the existing customer which want to sell
their excess energy to the grid.
As the assignment from the Government of Indonesia
(GOI), PLN (the own state company in the electricity sector)
got responsibilities for electrification, controls and operates
the transmission and distribution grid in Indonesia. Though
the tariff is regulated by the government, the detail technical
regulation is control and made by the PLN following the
international standard.
When the number of PV Rooftop installed increase, it
might be a problem for PLN, because the falling sales could
occur. Besides, the duck curve and the higher price on the
production during the night compared to the day may cause
loss to PLN. Yet, PLN is fully supporting the government for
PV Rooftop development. It can be seen in the several acts
like the free parallel cost for PV Rooftop up to 30kWp,
creating billing system, prepare for the intermittence, and fair
business scheme [7].
In May 2018, 414 PV customers are connected to the PLN
grid. Furthermore, three following PLN Director’s Decree
has been issued to keep the stability of the system [7]:
1. No.357/K.DIR/2014 about the rules of integrating
renewable energy to the PLN Grid.
2. No.733.K/DIR/2013 about the usage of electricity
from photovoltaic by the user of PLN
3. No.009.E/DIR/2014 about the Operational rules for
PV integration in electricity system area PLN
A. Customer Process for PV Rooftop
The electricity trading for PV Rooftop to PLN can be
done only for current postpaid customer with a maximum of
100% from the existing recorded capacity. The first step is to
prepare the application form which includes the technical
data of the PV rooftop, then PT.PLN will do the evaluation
and verification. But the Installation and Certification will be
done by the third party [2].
Fig.1 shows the process of PV Rooftop registration PLN.
Through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
(EMR) decree number 49/2018 on utilization of PV rooftop
system for PLN (PLN) consumers, mentioned that PLN has
maximum 15 working days to do the evaluation and
verification for the approval process, and also maximum 15
days for the kWh meter to be installed from released date of
certification of operation (SLO) [2]. This might be pressure
because it is related to the stability of the system.
Customer Request
Evaluation and
Verification
Approval
Certification for
Operation (SLO)
Installed kWh Export-
Import
Finish
Installation
No Yes
Fig. 1. Photovoltaic rooftop in Indonesia registration process
B. Service Scheme for PV Rooftop
The privilege of having PV Rooftop is that the customer
can reduce the electricity billing from PLN and use green
energy. If the technical condition is approved, then the
customer can have electricity either from PT.PLN or PV
rooftop depends on how the customer controls the energy.
Fig.2 shows the service scheme for PV rooftop
Fig. 2. Service scheme for photovoltaic rooftop [2]
C. Photovoltaic Rooftop Metering
Indonesia government divided the electricity consumer
into 8 categories that can be seen in Fig.3 [8]. Therefore, the
calculation of electricity billing will be different, because the
tariff for each category is varied depend on government
regulation. For example, 900VA (R-1/TR) is for the customer
which categorize as a capable society while 900VA-RTM
classify as the customer who is might need government
support (subsidies) [2].
Unlike the housing, which can sell the excess energy to
PLN without additional charge, the industries category will
have capacity charge and emergency energy charge regulated
by the government [2]. Simple billing simulation for
customer household 6600VA (R3) as following [9]:
If export (PLN to the customer) equal to 500kWh and import
(PV rooftop to PLN) is equal to 300kWh, the minimum hour
charge is 264kWh (40 Hour times 6.6 kVA). So the maximum
compensation will be 236kWh (export minus minimum hour
charge, and the customer billing can be expressed in the
below equation, where the public lighting include:
[Export×Tarif][Lighting Tax]-[Max Comp×Tarif] (1)
The import kWh will be paid in the following months.
In May 2018, it is reported that there are 414 PV customers
of PLN. However, there is no detail information regarding the
customer category, location and also if it is stand-alone or
grid-connected. But it is expected to grow more due to the
falling sales of the PV and the government incentive [7].

3. Fig. 3. Consumer classification in Indonesia [2]
III. HOSTING CAPACITY FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOFTOP
Several methods are available to determine the hosting
capacity. The first important step is to decide the performance
indicators like overloading and losses, overvoltage,
protection or power quality. The second step is to determine
the limits. Then, calculate the performance index as a
function of the generation. Finally, the hosting capacity can
be obtained [10].
A. Performance Index and Limit
Ideally, the performance indicators should be more than
one. But in this paper, only one performance indicators
(Overloading) in radial distribution network with active
power is chosen. The basic idea of hosting capacity is
illustrated in figure 4.
Fig. 4. Hosting capacity approach [10]
It can be described from Fig.4 that the hosting capacity is the
intersection between the limit and acceptable deterioration of
performance Index as a function of generation.
The total power flow in radial distribution feeder with
consumption equal to Pcons(t) and generation equal to Pgen(t)
can be described as follow:
P(t)=Pcons(t)-Pgen(t) (2)
Assumed that before the PV Rooftop installed to the system,
there is no overloading. Thus, the condition will be:
Pmax<Pcons (3)
If a large amount of PV Rooftop connected to the grid, with
the condition of minimum consumption, then the maximum
power flow will be:
Pmax = Pgen,max -Pcons,min (4)
So, In order to make sure that the system is not overload, the
following terms should be followed:
Pgen,max-Pcon,min < Pmax,limit (5)
Pgen,max<Pmax,limit+Pcons,min (6)
B. System Description and Hosting Capacity Calculation
Due to the limitation of the data obtained, the calculation
was done by using the simplest method. The data needed
depend on the performance index chosen. The case in this
paper uses the data from one of an area in West Java.
Following single diagram is assumed to be the single line
diagram of the system, where the customer is in industrial
category. Consist of three distribution transformer, the
system is assumed to be a radial system and connected with
20kV cable type AAACS 240 mm and Power factor is 0.85.
Fig.5 shows the single line diagram of the system.

4. Fig. 5. Single line diagram of the system
In calculating hosting capacity, a different method may cause
different result [11]. The calculation in this paper uses a
simple calculation method for active power only. To
determine the hosting capacity, the feeder and consumption
data shown in below tables should be available.
TABLE I. FEEDER DATA
Feeder
Selection
Conductor Size
(mm)
Ampacity
(A)
Max Permissible
Power (MVA)
AB 240 585 11.7
BC 240 585 11.7
CD 240 585 11.7
TABLE II. CONSUMPTION DATA
Consumption
Data
Max
Active
Power
(kW)
Max
Reactive
Power
(VA)
Minimum
Active Power
(kW)
Max
Reactive
Power
(VA)
A 758,35 156,98 640,26 132,54
B 164,53 34,01 90,98 18,80
B 158,53 32,98 131,47 27,11
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
By using Equation (5) and (6), the hosting capacity
can be obtained. Table III and IV explain the calculation
result in each point and also along the feeder. It shows that
more PV rooftop can be connected in point A, B, and C with
capacity more than 50% of installed capacity.
TABLE III. THE FEEDER AND CONNECTION POINT
Feeder
BC
(kW)
Feeder
AB
(kW)
Feeder
OA
(kW)
C
(kW)
B
(kW)
A
(kW)
290 545.51 1944.12 290 255.51 1398.61
TABLE IV. HOSTING CAPACITY ON THE CONNECTION POINT
Consumption Data A B C
Max Active Power (kW) 758.35 164.53 158.53
Hosting Capacity (kW)
1398.61 255.51 290
Percentage of Max Power (%) 46 36 45
Fig.6, Fig.7, and Fig.8 show that the hosting capacity increase
along with the load projection. This occurs because it is
calculated based on the maximum and minimum power. Due
to maximum PV that can be installed is 100% from the
installed capacity, so the number of integrated PV rooftop
also depends on the capacity of the system. However, Fig.9
shows that transformer in point A is already overload, while
Point B and C still able to accept more load. This means that
even though the calculation for hosting capacity shows the
number of PV which can be connected in each point but based
on the transformer loading, Point A cannot afford more load.
Fig. 6. Hosting capacity and maximum load projection for load A
Fig. 7. Hosting capacity and maximum load projection for load B
Fig. 8. Hosting capacity and maximum load projection for load C

5. Fig. 9. Transformers and maximum load projection for point A, B, C
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
This paper presents the general overview of PV
rooftop in Indonesia, and the simple calculation of hosting
capacity in one of the areas in West Java. Since the
government state that maximum PV rooftop which can be
installed is 100% from the installed capacity of the existing
consumer, so it means the maximum PV rooftop which can
be installed in the system is equal to the installed capacity of
the existing customer. However, detail effect of PV rooftop
integration should be examined. The result shows that based
on the hosting capacity calculation, more PV can be
integrated into each point (A, B, C). But, considering the
transformer rating, point A is already overload which means
it is not recommended to install more PV or more load in this
point, except if PLN increases the rating of transformer or
hosting capacity. The future works of this paper can be
investigated through multiple perspectives of study such as
increasing the hosting capacity, add more performance index,
examine detail effect of Integrated PV Rooftop by using time
series data for load and also PV Irradiance.
REFERENCE
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[2] “Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 49
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[6] “Presidential Regulation Number 22 of 2017.” .
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