Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system characterized by abnormal Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. It has various stages and types, and common causes include past Epstein-Barr infection, age 15-30 or over 50, male gender, and family history. Signs include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and itching. Diagnosis involves lymph node biopsy to check for Reed-Sternberg cells. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation, with nursing care focused on managing side effects, educating patients, and providing support.

1. PRESENTED BY
SUDESH KUMARI
M.Sc NURSING 1ST YEAR

2. HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA —

3. DEFINITION
Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells are the
hallmark cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). They
are large, often multinucleated with a peculiar
morphology and an unusual immunophenotype,
that does not resemble any normal cell in the
body

4. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Lymphoma
TYPES

5. STAGES OF HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA

6.  Past Epstein-Barr infection(B-lymphocytes )
 AGE 15-30 OR >50 YEARS
 GENDER MOSTLY MALES ARE MORE AR RISK
 FAMILY HISTORY

7. • The mutation causes a large
number of oversized, abnormal
lymphocytes to accumulate in
the lymphatic system, where
they crowd out healthy cells
and cause the signs and
symptoms of Hodgkin's
lymphoma
CAUSES

8. • Painless swelling of lymph nodes in your neck, armpits or
groin
• Persistent fatigue
• Fever
• Night sweats
• Unexplained weight loss
• Severe itching
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

10. Bone merrow aspiration (biopsy )
Removing a lymph node (BIOPSY): Lymph node
biopsy procedure to remove a lymph node for
laboratory testing. Doctor will diagnose classical
Hodgkin's lymphoma if abnormal cells called Reed-
Sternberg cells are found within the lymph node.

11. complication
All of the above
The speed at which an object falls
Immunosuppressant
Infertility
Metastasis
Cardiovascular disorders

12. Treatment
and
management

13. CHEMOTHERAPY:
• Chemo for Hodgkin lymphoma combines
several drugs because different drugs kill
cancer cells in different ways. The combinations
used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma are often
referred to by abbreviations. The most common
regimen in the United States is a 4-drug
combination called ABVD, which consists of:
• Adriamycin® (doxorubicin)
• Bleomycin
• Vinblastine
• Dacarbazine (DTIC)

14. • Assessing fluid and electrolyte balance. Anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, altered taste, mucositis, and diarrhea put patients at
risk for nutritional and fluid electrolyte disturbances.
• Modifying risks for infection and bleeding. Suppression of the
bone marrow and immune system is expected and frequently
serves as a guide in determining appropriate chemotherapy
dosage but increases the risk of anemia, infection, and bleeding
disorders.
• Administering chemotherapy. The patient is observed closely
during its administration because of the risk and consequences
of extravasation, particularly of vesicant agent.
• Protecting caregivers. Nurses must be familiar with their
institutional policies regarding personal protective equipment,
handling and disposal of chemotherapeutic agents and supplies,
and management of accidental spills or exposures
NURSING MANAGEMENT IN CHEMOTHERAPY

15. • Two types of ionizing radiation-electromagnetic radiation (xrays
and gamma rays) and particulate radiation (electrons, beta
particles, protons, neutrons, and alpha particles)- can lead to
tissue disruption.
DOSAGE:
• Lethal tumor dose. The lethal tumor dose is defined as that dose
that will eradicate 95% of the tumor yet preserve normal tissue.
• Fractions. In external beam radiation, the total radiation dose is
delivered over several weeks in daily doses called fractions.
• Fractionated doses. Repeated radiation treatments over time
also allow for the periphery of the tumor to be reoxygenated
repeatedly, because tumors shrink from the outside inward.
RADIOTHERAPY

16. • Teletherapy (external beam radiation). External beam
radiation therapy is the most commonly used form of
radiation, in which, depending on the size, shape, and
location of the tumor, different energy levels are
generated to produce a carefully shaped beam that will
destroy the targeted tumor.
• Brachytherapy (internal radiation). Internal radiation
implantation, or brachytherapy, delivers a high dose of
radiation to a localized area and can be implanted by
means of needles, seeds, beads, or catheters into body
cavities (vagina, abdomen, pleura) or interstitial
compartments (breast, prostate).
TYPES OF RADIOTHERAPY

17. Provide information about the treatment and
its side-effects
* Support and care before treatment:
* Address patient concerns
* Give instructions on skin care to minimise
Complications and discomfort
* Address fertility issues
* Assess skin for integrity ,dehydration, and
sufficient haemoglobin level
* Premedication
Nursing management in radiotherapy

18. What is the name of our galaxy?

19. Counselling patients on the procedure and
anticipated outcomes and complications
* Premedication before Stem Cell Transplantation
, to reduce unwarranted symptoms
* Ensuring the patient is hydrated before, during
and after stem cell infusion
* Providing follow-up care to help prevent and
treat complications
Nursing management in SCT

20. Nurses have a key role in the treatment
process
* Education and support are the cornerstone
of nursing care
* BUT…. we need to keep up to date and
respond to our patients needs….
SUMMARY

21. THANKY
OU