Mouse Hock Immunization • A novel and humane alternative to mouse footpad injection • Targets a non-load-bearing site • Minimizes unrelieved pain and distress • Induces equivalent immune responses • Recommended by the NIH Office of Animal Care and Use (OACU) Guidelines for the Research Use of Adjuvants (revised 11/14/2007, 11/13/2010, 04/10/2013) • Published (single author) in the Journal of Immunological Methods in Dec 2007