In 'How the Other Half Lives,' Jacob Riis, a Danish immigrant and police reporter, documents the harsh realities faced by poor urban immigrants in 1890s New York City, highlighting their desperate living conditions amidst rapid industrialization. His photography aimed to reveal the exploitation and suffering caused by greed and materialism from the wealthier class, prompting social reforms. Riis's vivid descriptions of overcrowded and unsanitary housing shed light on the plight of struggling families, emphasizing the need for societal change.