Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced during pregnancy that has been shown to suppress HIV replication in vitro. Recombinant hCG was less effective than purified urinary hCG, suggesting other contaminants may act synergistically with hCG. Studies in a transgenic HIV mouse model also found hCG protected against HIV infection by decreasing tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. Given hCG is inexpensive, non-toxic, and already has clinical uses, the author suggests it warrants testing for prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. Further, since HIV and Ebola are both RNA viruses that likely employ similar strategies to infect cells, the author speculates hCG may also have anti-viral effects
HHV-6 is a common human herpes virus that infects 90% of children. It can remain dormant and reactivate, potentially causing chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and neurological issues. HHV-6 attacks immune cells and can activate other viruses. It is commonly found in patients with chronic Lyme disease. By damaging the tumor suppressor protein p53, HHV-6 may also contribute to cancers. Advanced testing is needed to determine HHV-6's role in chronic diseases and the best therapies to modulate the immune system.
The document discusses hepatitis and acute liver failure. It notes that hepatitis viruses and other infections, toxins, and autoimmune diseases can cause hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis A virus is commonly the cause in children, while hepatitis B and C viruses can lead to liver cancer or chronic liver disease. Hepatitis A and E do not result in chronic infections. Vaccines exist for hepatitis A and B but not other types. Egypt has the world's highest hepatitis burden, with 10% of the population aged 15-59 infected with hepatitis C.
This document discusses Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and perinatal transmission. It outlines that HBV infects over 350 million people globally and is a major cause of liver cancer. For infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers, the risk of chronic infection is 70-90% if the mother is also HBeAg positive, and 20% if only HBsAg positive. Management of exposed infants includes hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccination within 12 hours of birth, along with post-exposure prophylaxis and follow-up testing. Universal prenatal screening and infant immunoprophylaxis have significantly reduced rates of perinatal HBV transmission.
HIV infection in children is a major public health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Over 2.5 million children are living with HIV globally, with over 95% of pediatric infections resulting from mother-to-child transmission. Factors like high HIV prevalence in women of childbearing age and subtype C's increased virulence have led to high rates of pediatric infection in Tanzania and SSA. HIV depletes CD4+ T cells, impairing immune function and leaving children susceptible to opportunistic infections. Disease progression varies but can be rapid, with mortality high in infants under 2 years old due to inability to control high viral loads.
- Around 2 billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally, with 300-400 million having chronic infections. HBV is the second most common cause of cancer after tobacco.
- Chronic HBV infection can lead to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with over 300,000 HBV-related HCC cases occurring annually worldwide.
- The HBV vaccine has significantly reduced the burden of chronic HBV and related complications like HCC, though vaccination rates remain suboptimal in some adult groups who are at higher risk.
Hepatitis C virus causes hepatitis C, an inflammation of the liver. It is a small enveloped RNA virus that is transmitted through exposure to infectious blood, such as receiving contaminated blood transfusions, injections with unclean needles, or from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C, but chronic cases are treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin medications. New oral protease inhibitor drugs are also being used to treat genotype 1 hepatitis C infections.
Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem in the Middle East, where the majority of countries have intermediate to high endemicity. Mother-to-child and childhood transmission are the main modes of transmission in the region. While vaccination programs have been introduced, coverage and prevention strategies vary between countries.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health problem, with an estimated 400-500 million people chronically infected worldwide. Each year there are around 10 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths, making HBV the 5th most common cause of cancer and 10th leading cause of death globally. India has an intermediate prevalence of HBV infection at around 3% of the population, or approximately 37 million carriers, and contributes significantly to the global disease burden.
HHV-6 is a common human herpes virus that infects 90% of children. It can remain dormant and reactivate, potentially causing chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and neurological issues. HHV-6 attacks immune cells and can activate other viruses. It is commonly found in patients with chronic Lyme disease. By damaging the tumor suppressor protein p53, HHV-6 may also contribute to cancers. Advanced testing is needed to determine HHV-6's role in chronic diseases and the best therapies to modulate the immune system.
The document discusses hepatitis and acute liver failure. It notes that hepatitis viruses and other infections, toxins, and autoimmune diseases can cause hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis A virus is commonly the cause in children, while hepatitis B and C viruses can lead to liver cancer or chronic liver disease. Hepatitis A and E do not result in chronic infections. Vaccines exist for hepatitis A and B but not other types. Egypt has the world's highest hepatitis burden, with 10% of the population aged 15-59 infected with hepatitis C.
This document discusses Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and perinatal transmission. It outlines that HBV infects over 350 million people globally and is a major cause of liver cancer. For infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers, the risk of chronic infection is 70-90% if the mother is also HBeAg positive, and 20% if only HBsAg positive. Management of exposed infants includes hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccination within 12 hours of birth, along with post-exposure prophylaxis and follow-up testing. Universal prenatal screening and infant immunoprophylaxis have significantly reduced rates of perinatal HBV transmission.
HIV infection in children is a major public health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Over 2.5 million children are living with HIV globally, with over 95% of pediatric infections resulting from mother-to-child transmission. Factors like high HIV prevalence in women of childbearing age and subtype C's increased virulence have led to high rates of pediatric infection in Tanzania and SSA. HIV depletes CD4+ T cells, impairing immune function and leaving children susceptible to opportunistic infections. Disease progression varies but can be rapid, with mortality high in infants under 2 years old due to inability to control high viral loads.
- Around 2 billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally, with 300-400 million having chronic infections. HBV is the second most common cause of cancer after tobacco.
- Chronic HBV infection can lead to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with over 300,000 HBV-related HCC cases occurring annually worldwide.
- The HBV vaccine has significantly reduced the burden of chronic HBV and related complications like HCC, though vaccination rates remain suboptimal in some adult groups who are at higher risk.
Hepatitis C virus causes hepatitis C, an inflammation of the liver. It is a small enveloped RNA virus that is transmitted through exposure to infectious blood, such as receiving contaminated blood transfusions, injections with unclean needles, or from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C, but chronic cases are treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin medications. New oral protease inhibitor drugs are also being used to treat genotype 1 hepatitis C infections.
Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem in the Middle East, where the majority of countries have intermediate to high endemicity. Mother-to-child and childhood transmission are the main modes of transmission in the region. While vaccination programs have been introduced, coverage and prevention strategies vary between countries.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health problem, with an estimated 400-500 million people chronically infected worldwide. Each year there are around 10 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths, making HBV the 5th most common cause of cancer and 10th leading cause of death globally. India has an intermediate prevalence of HBV infection at around 3% of the population, or approximately 37 million carriers, and contributes significantly to the global disease burden.
This document summarizes an SEIR model used to model the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The model tracks susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered individuals over time. It was able to fit reported case and death data from Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia reasonably well. When updated with more recent data, the model still fit dynamics in Guinea and Sierra Leone but overestimated cases in Liberia. Parameter values like transmission rate and decay rate varied between countries and initial assumptions in the original model were too simplistic.
The 2014 Ebola outbreak was the most severe to date, spreading rapidly across multiple West African countries and into the United States. New Jersey designated three hospitals to treat Ebola patients and implemented training, protocols, and $1 million of protective equipment to prevent transmission. Current legislation aims to support healthcare workers exposed to Ebola, use former military facilities as quarantine areas, and improve access to healthcare to help control infectious disease spread.
Analyzing the economic consequences of an epidemic outbreak experience from t...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes the economic impact of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. It finds that the outbreak adversely affected economic growth, commodity prices, and government budget deficits in the hardest hit countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Using a probit model and data from the four affected West African countries between March and September 2014, the study finds that factors like the severity of the outbreak, isolation of countries, and cumulative infection cases significantly increased the probability of adverse economic outcomes. It recommends strengthening health systems and regional coordination to combat future epidemics.
1. The document summarizes an analysis of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in three regions of Guinea - Gueckedou, Macenta, and Conakry. It provides background on Ebola virus characteristics and transmission.
2. Epidemic modeling was conducted using the regions' case data from April to November 2014. The modeling found Gueckedou's outbreak appeared to be stabilizing while Macenta and Conakry's cases continued rising sharply.
3. Further modeling for Gueckedou predicted the outbreak could stabilize there by the end of the year if transmission from outside was prevented and care ratios did not change.
An introduction to the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak for educational use, with additional sources for health professionals in need of up-to-date information.
Updated on 7th December, 2014, with additional infographics and WHO data.
Infographics may be requested for professional use on a creative commons/source attribution basis (micrognome.priobe.net). An interactive version will be available for educational use via the Nearpod share site.
The document discusses the ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the factors contributing to its severity. It argues that the high mortality rates are due not just to lack of staff and resources, but more fundamentally to lack of adequate health systems to effectively deploy them. In particular, it notes the lack of basic protective equipment, guidelines, and supportive care that could reduce unnecessary deaths. It calls for responses to both provide immediate aid and invest in building sustainable systems focused on quality, safety, effectiveness, and treating patients with dignity to restore lost trust and prevent future crises.
Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance (EFG) is working as an NGO/NPO for students - Education & Career guidance and for Professionals for soft skills enhancements. We are working speading , sharing knowledge; experience globally.It has uploaded important presentations at http://myefg.in/downloads.aspx. Also visit www.slideshare.net and search using key word - earthsoft Read http://tl.gd/jm1gh5 and view picture http://twitpic.com/cept60 http://www.slideshare.net/rrakhecha/efg-activities-of-one-year27-mar2013 Be mentor using your education, knowledge & experience to contribute for a social cause & do conduct free training/ workshop seeking help of existing platforms Kindly spread to your friends.Thank you! - Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance
Let us make earth little softer.
1) The document discusses the potential of using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). HCG contributes to immune tolerance during pregnancy, which alleviates symptoms of these autoimmune diseases.
2) Animal studies show that hCG treatment mimics the benefits of pregnancy for RA and SS, reducing inflammation and immune responses.
3) HCG's immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties suggest it could provide an alternative to current RA and SS therapies, with fewer side effects. Randomized clinical trials of hCG are recommended.
This document discusses potential therapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). NG infects human fallopian tubes through molecular mimicry, binding to hCG/LH receptors on epithelial cells via an hCG-like molecule on its surface. Studies show hCG prevents NG infection of fallopian tube cells in culture by competing for receptor binding. The document proposes testing hCG treatment in clinical trials on infected women since hCG is physiological, inexpensive and nontoxic. HCG could block the initial receptor binding required for NG infection and be a safer alternative or supplement to antibiotics.
This document discusses the potential for using human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to treat various non-traditional conditions. It outlines 11 conditions that may be treatable with HCG based on its wide receptor distribution and studies in animal and human subjects. These include various cancers, chronic pain disorders, HIV/AIDS, infections, and autoimmune diseases. The author argues for randomized clinical trials to test HCG therapies and notes that HCG could be developed into more effective and accessible treatments like oral pills. Combination therapies are also proposed to increase effectiveness.
This document summarizes research into why gestational trophoblastic neoplasms overproduce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). It finds that these tumors contain higher levels of hCG/LH receptors than normal placenta, preventing hCG from regulating its own biosynthesis through negative feedback. As a result, hCG levels in these tumors can increase unabated. The document also finds that inhibiting hCG production in choriocarcinoma cells leads to increased apoptosis and reduced tumor formation, showing that hCG promotes tumor survival, growth and invasion. Therefore, overproduction of hCG provides gestational trophoblastic neoplasms a strong survival and growth advantage.
This document discusses the potential use of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for treating preterm births. It reviews evidence that hCG inhibits myometrial contractions through various mechanisms, preventing preterm labor. While current drugs can only delay preterm births briefly, studies in mice and limited human trials suggest hCG may more effectively prevent preterm births. The author argues for large randomized controlled clinical trials to further evaluate hCG's safety and effectiveness in reducing preterm births.
The document discusses evidence that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) protects against breast cancer. Studies in rodent models show that hCG induces mammary gland cell differentiation, decreases proliferation and invasion, and makes cells resistant to carcinogens. HCG levels are highest during early pregnancy in women, and higher levels correlate with lower breast cancer risk. The mechanisms involve hCG activating receptors on breast cells and tissues to promote differentiation and apoptosis while reducing proliferation, invasion and survival. HCG may provide opportunities for breast cancer prevention or treatment by modifying cellular targets of carcinogenesis.
The HIV/AIDS pandemic has provided opportunities to advance scientific understanding while posing ongoing challenges to global health. Over decades of research, knowledge of HIV and AIDS has grown, yet millions remain affected and more work is needed on prevention and treatment. Priorities include increasing access to testing, treatment, and support worldwide while continuing vaccine research and efforts to eliminate HIV transmission.
Chronic Lyme disease is really complex multi-system, multi-neuroendocrine, multi-infectious disease that mimics over 350 different inflammatory diseases.
This review article discusses evidence that luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a primary role in the development of type 2 endometrial carcinoma in elderly women. It presents several key points of evidence:
1) Endometrial carcinoma cells overexpress LH/hCG receptors compared to normal endometrial cells, and receptor expression increases with tumor stage.
2) Activation of these receptors in endometrial carcinoma cells promotes increased cell proliferation and invasion.
3) LH levels are significantly higher in post-menopausal women who develop endometrial carcinoma compared to those who do not.
4) LH acts through multiple organs like the ovaries, adrenals, adipose tissue, and pancre
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is best known as the hormone detected in pregnancy tests, but it has many other roles and functions beyond early pregnancy. While hCG was long thought to only function in supporting the corpus luteum during pregnancy, research over the past 20 years has shown that hCG regulates numerous non-gonadal tissues through its receptors. These regulatory roles include supporting fetal growth and development, safeguarding the fetus from rejection, and allowing delivery when the fetus is mature. The broad regulatory roles of hCG are not entirely unexpected, as many other hormones also have multiple sites of action beyond their main targets. The evolution of these multiple hormone functions is thought to provide functional redundancy and efficiency in response
The document discusses Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterial infection that affects over half of the world's population. If left untreated, H. pylori can lead to peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The document explores regional differences in antibiotic resistance of H. pylori strains and recommends treatment durations and regimens be based on local resistance data. It also discusses diagnostic methods for H. pylori and reviews the bacteria as a cause of malignancy and clinical outcomes of infection.
HHV-6 is a common human herpesvirus that infects 90% of the population in childhood. It can remain dormant and reactivate, attacking immune cells. HHV-6 has been linked to chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic Lyme disease, and some cancers. It may contribute to neurological conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Treatment involves modulating the immune system and targeting co-infections like HHV-6.
The document discusses using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment to potentially reduce the risk of breast cancer for women who delay their first childbirth past age 24. Delaying first childbirth increases breast cancer risk, but hCG mimics the effects of pregnancy and may induce genomic changes that make cells less susceptible to cancer. The author proposes conducting rodent and clinical trials to determine the optimal hCG dose, treatment length, delivery method, and whether it could safely reduce breast cancer risk for women delaying motherhood without other options. The potential benefits of lowered costs and side effects justify testing this prevention strategy.
Role of Dydrogesterone in repeated pregnancy lossNiranjan Chavan
Dydrogesterone has been shown to effectively treat recurrent pregnancy loss by modulating the immune system. It shifts the balance from a pro-inflammatory Th1 response towards an anti-inflammatory Th2 response by [1] inhibiting the production of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and [2] inducing production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6. This results in improved pregnancy outcomes by supporting embryonic development. Clinical studies demonstrate dydrogesterone significantly reduces miscarriage rates in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.
This document summarizes an SEIR model used to model the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The model tracks susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered individuals over time. It was able to fit reported case and death data from Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia reasonably well. When updated with more recent data, the model still fit dynamics in Guinea and Sierra Leone but overestimated cases in Liberia. Parameter values like transmission rate and decay rate varied between countries and initial assumptions in the original model were too simplistic.
The 2014 Ebola outbreak was the most severe to date, spreading rapidly across multiple West African countries and into the United States. New Jersey designated three hospitals to treat Ebola patients and implemented training, protocols, and $1 million of protective equipment to prevent transmission. Current legislation aims to support healthcare workers exposed to Ebola, use former military facilities as quarantine areas, and improve access to healthcare to help control infectious disease spread.
Analyzing the economic consequences of an epidemic outbreak experience from t...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes the economic impact of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. It finds that the outbreak adversely affected economic growth, commodity prices, and government budget deficits in the hardest hit countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Using a probit model and data from the four affected West African countries between March and September 2014, the study finds that factors like the severity of the outbreak, isolation of countries, and cumulative infection cases significantly increased the probability of adverse economic outcomes. It recommends strengthening health systems and regional coordination to combat future epidemics.
1. The document summarizes an analysis of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in three regions of Guinea - Gueckedou, Macenta, and Conakry. It provides background on Ebola virus characteristics and transmission.
2. Epidemic modeling was conducted using the regions' case data from April to November 2014. The modeling found Gueckedou's outbreak appeared to be stabilizing while Macenta and Conakry's cases continued rising sharply.
3. Further modeling for Gueckedou predicted the outbreak could stabilize there by the end of the year if transmission from outside was prevented and care ratios did not change.
An introduction to the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak for educational use, with additional sources for health professionals in need of up-to-date information.
Updated on 7th December, 2014, with additional infographics and WHO data.
Infographics may be requested for professional use on a creative commons/source attribution basis (micrognome.priobe.net). An interactive version will be available for educational use via the Nearpod share site.
The document discusses the ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the factors contributing to its severity. It argues that the high mortality rates are due not just to lack of staff and resources, but more fundamentally to lack of adequate health systems to effectively deploy them. In particular, it notes the lack of basic protective equipment, guidelines, and supportive care that could reduce unnecessary deaths. It calls for responses to both provide immediate aid and invest in building sustainable systems focused on quality, safety, effectiveness, and treating patients with dignity to restore lost trust and prevent future crises.
Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance (EFG) is working as an NGO/NPO for students - Education & Career guidance and for Professionals for soft skills enhancements. We are working speading , sharing knowledge; experience globally.It has uploaded important presentations at http://myefg.in/downloads.aspx. Also visit www.slideshare.net and search using key word - earthsoft Read http://tl.gd/jm1gh5 and view picture http://twitpic.com/cept60 http://www.slideshare.net/rrakhecha/efg-activities-of-one-year27-mar2013 Be mentor using your education, knowledge & experience to contribute for a social cause & do conduct free training/ workshop seeking help of existing platforms Kindly spread to your friends.Thank you! - Earthsoft Foundation of Guidance
Let us make earth little softer.
1) The document discusses the potential of using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). HCG contributes to immune tolerance during pregnancy, which alleviates symptoms of these autoimmune diseases.
2) Animal studies show that hCG treatment mimics the benefits of pregnancy for RA and SS, reducing inflammation and immune responses.
3) HCG's immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties suggest it could provide an alternative to current RA and SS therapies, with fewer side effects. Randomized clinical trials of hCG are recommended.
This document discusses potential therapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). NG infects human fallopian tubes through molecular mimicry, binding to hCG/LH receptors on epithelial cells via an hCG-like molecule on its surface. Studies show hCG prevents NG infection of fallopian tube cells in culture by competing for receptor binding. The document proposes testing hCG treatment in clinical trials on infected women since hCG is physiological, inexpensive and nontoxic. HCG could block the initial receptor binding required for NG infection and be a safer alternative or supplement to antibiotics.
This document discusses the potential for using human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to treat various non-traditional conditions. It outlines 11 conditions that may be treatable with HCG based on its wide receptor distribution and studies in animal and human subjects. These include various cancers, chronic pain disorders, HIV/AIDS, infections, and autoimmune diseases. The author argues for randomized clinical trials to test HCG therapies and notes that HCG could be developed into more effective and accessible treatments like oral pills. Combination therapies are also proposed to increase effectiveness.
This document summarizes research into why gestational trophoblastic neoplasms overproduce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). It finds that these tumors contain higher levels of hCG/LH receptors than normal placenta, preventing hCG from regulating its own biosynthesis through negative feedback. As a result, hCG levels in these tumors can increase unabated. The document also finds that inhibiting hCG production in choriocarcinoma cells leads to increased apoptosis and reduced tumor formation, showing that hCG promotes tumor survival, growth and invasion. Therefore, overproduction of hCG provides gestational trophoblastic neoplasms a strong survival and growth advantage.
This document discusses the potential use of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for treating preterm births. It reviews evidence that hCG inhibits myometrial contractions through various mechanisms, preventing preterm labor. While current drugs can only delay preterm births briefly, studies in mice and limited human trials suggest hCG may more effectively prevent preterm births. The author argues for large randomized controlled clinical trials to further evaluate hCG's safety and effectiveness in reducing preterm births.
The document discusses evidence that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) protects against breast cancer. Studies in rodent models show that hCG induces mammary gland cell differentiation, decreases proliferation and invasion, and makes cells resistant to carcinogens. HCG levels are highest during early pregnancy in women, and higher levels correlate with lower breast cancer risk. The mechanisms involve hCG activating receptors on breast cells and tissues to promote differentiation and apoptosis while reducing proliferation, invasion and survival. HCG may provide opportunities for breast cancer prevention or treatment by modifying cellular targets of carcinogenesis.
The HIV/AIDS pandemic has provided opportunities to advance scientific understanding while posing ongoing challenges to global health. Over decades of research, knowledge of HIV and AIDS has grown, yet millions remain affected and more work is needed on prevention and treatment. Priorities include increasing access to testing, treatment, and support worldwide while continuing vaccine research and efforts to eliminate HIV transmission.
Chronic Lyme disease is really complex multi-system, multi-neuroendocrine, multi-infectious disease that mimics over 350 different inflammatory diseases.
This review article discusses evidence that luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a primary role in the development of type 2 endometrial carcinoma in elderly women. It presents several key points of evidence:
1) Endometrial carcinoma cells overexpress LH/hCG receptors compared to normal endometrial cells, and receptor expression increases with tumor stage.
2) Activation of these receptors in endometrial carcinoma cells promotes increased cell proliferation and invasion.
3) LH levels are significantly higher in post-menopausal women who develop endometrial carcinoma compared to those who do not.
4) LH acts through multiple organs like the ovaries, adrenals, adipose tissue, and pancre
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is best known as the hormone detected in pregnancy tests, but it has many other roles and functions beyond early pregnancy. While hCG was long thought to only function in supporting the corpus luteum during pregnancy, research over the past 20 years has shown that hCG regulates numerous non-gonadal tissues through its receptors. These regulatory roles include supporting fetal growth and development, safeguarding the fetus from rejection, and allowing delivery when the fetus is mature. The broad regulatory roles of hCG are not entirely unexpected, as many other hormones also have multiple sites of action beyond their main targets. The evolution of these multiple hormone functions is thought to provide functional redundancy and efficiency in response
The document discusses Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterial infection that affects over half of the world's population. If left untreated, H. pylori can lead to peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The document explores regional differences in antibiotic resistance of H. pylori strains and recommends treatment durations and regimens be based on local resistance data. It also discusses diagnostic methods for H. pylori and reviews the bacteria as a cause of malignancy and clinical outcomes of infection.
HHV-6 is a common human herpesvirus that infects 90% of the population in childhood. It can remain dormant and reactivate, attacking immune cells. HHV-6 has been linked to chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic Lyme disease, and some cancers. It may contribute to neurological conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Treatment involves modulating the immune system and targeting co-infections like HHV-6.
The document discusses using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment to potentially reduce the risk of breast cancer for women who delay their first childbirth past age 24. Delaying first childbirth increases breast cancer risk, but hCG mimics the effects of pregnancy and may induce genomic changes that make cells less susceptible to cancer. The author proposes conducting rodent and clinical trials to determine the optimal hCG dose, treatment length, delivery method, and whether it could safely reduce breast cancer risk for women delaying motherhood without other options. The potential benefits of lowered costs and side effects justify testing this prevention strategy.
Role of Dydrogesterone in repeated pregnancy lossNiranjan Chavan
Dydrogesterone has been shown to effectively treat recurrent pregnancy loss by modulating the immune system. It shifts the balance from a pro-inflammatory Th1 response towards an anti-inflammatory Th2 response by [1] inhibiting the production of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and [2] inducing production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6. This results in improved pregnancy outcomes by supporting embryonic development. Clinical studies demonstrate dydrogesterone significantly reduces miscarriage rates in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.
Final Oocyte Maturation: HCG VS GNRH Agonist by Dr. Abayomi Ajayiabayomi ajayi
This document discusses methods for final oocyte maturation in IVF treatment. It notes that human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) has traditionally been used but gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can also be used to reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). While GnRH agonists prevent OHSS, they are associated with lower pregnancy rates. However, combining a GnRH agonist trigger with low-dose HCG or vitrification of all embryos may optimize pregnancy rates while still preventing OHSS. The optimal luteal phase support when using a GnRH agonist trigger remains an area of ongoing research.
Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus that can lead to liver failure, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids and common symptoms include fever, fatigue, nausea and jaundice. The hepatitis B virus is 100 times more infectious than HIV. While there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B infection, prevention through vaccination and treatment for those infected can help control the disease.
The document discusses reports that tetanus vaccinations in several countries, including Mexico, Nicaragua and the Philippines, contained human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone that can cause a woman's body to develop antibodies rendering her incapable of sustaining a pregnancy. Tests found hCG present in samples of the tetanus vaccine, though health organizations denied the vaccines were meant to induce sterility. The document also provides information on organizations involved in anti-fertility vaccine programs, funding sources, and a sample vaccine exemption form.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has potential as a therapeutic treatment for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) based on several lines of evidence:
1) Urothelial cells, the cells damaged in PBS/IC, contain hCG/LH receptors and may respond to hCG treatment.
2) Symptoms of PBS/IC seem to improve during pregnancy when hCG levels are high.
3) hCG has pleiotropic effects in other cell types, such as uterine epithelial cells, and may regulate urothelial cells through similar mechanisms.
4) hCG could reduce urothelial cell damage through effects like increasing proliferation, reducing
This document discusses pharmacotherapy for pediatric HIV infection. It covers antiretroviral therapy (ART) used during pregnancy and delivery to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. ART regimens aim to achieve high drug levels in the fetus to prevent transmission. Short-term neonatal ART prophylaxis is also used. While ART has significantly reduced pediatric HIV infections, challenges remain due to limited access in developing countries, where most new pediatric HIV cases occur. Ongoing research monitors potential long-term effects of in utero ART exposure on children.
2. HIV/AIDS Research and treatment
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These findings suggest that hCG could be placed in a mix of treatment options for HIV/AIDS. hCG is non-toxic and has relatively
few, if any, harmful side effects. hCG is already used for other clinical indications. It is quite inexpensive, compared with anti-viral
drugs. Finally, affordable therapies can advance the efforts to control the spread of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan African countries and
elsewhere. So what do we have to lose by simply trying hCG for the prevention and/or treatment of HIV/AIDS?
Like HIV, Ebola is also a RNA virus. Ebola is transmitted like HIV but it is much more contagious. Both are killers, while
Ebola is a direct killer by destroying every cell it comes in contact with, HIV kills indirectly by disabling the host immune system
which allows other pathogens to invade and kill. While HIV and Ebola are clearly very different viruses, they probably employ
similar strategies to enter host cells by using their surface glycoproteins and host cell surface receptors and subsequently use the
host cells machinery to make viral proteins that help them proliferate, spread and evade host immune system. Many of these mo-
lecular details are known for HIV and they are mostly unknown for Ebola. Ebola outbreak is devastating the West African countries
of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone and threatens other countries. Intensive supportive therapy and blood transfusions from Ebola
survivors are the current best options for treating infected individuals. There may not be any other new definitive treatments in the
near future. If hCG has anti-viral effect on one RNA virus, it may also have a similar effect on another RNA virus. Although this
is highly speculative, but it may not be too far-fetched. The world is desperate for anything that might contain the Ebola outbreak
before it makes a big leap from West Africa to other parts of the world. Therefore, it might be worth considering hCG in a rapid
clinical trial in Ebola infected patients. Synthesis of recombinant hCG or making urine purified hCG could be rapidly scaled up to
meet the world’s demand, if proven effective. In light of the dire circumstances, there is little to lose and perhaps much to gain.
REFERENCES
1. Lei ZM, Rao CV. The past, present and future of nongonadal LH/hCG actions in reproductive biology and medicine. Mol Cell
Endocrinol. 2007; 269: 2-8.
2. Syme M, Thornton G, Hann, M, Rao CV. Anti-HIV effects of human chorionic gonadotropin: potential for a new inexpensive
therapy. In: Bandivedakar A, Puri CP (eds) Emerging Frontiers and Challenges in HIV/AIDS Research. Mumbai, India: Varun En-
terprises; 2013: 119-123.