This document provides information about HIV/AIDS counseling and testing. It aims to equip readers with basic knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV, encourage preventive measures, and inspire healthy lifestyles. The summary discusses HIV transmission through unprotected sex or contaminated blood/needles, the window period for detection of antibodies, and asymptomatic versus symptomatic phases. It emphasizes abstinence, mutual faithfulness, correct condom use, avoiding drugs/alcohol, and education/early testing as key preventive measures.

1. HIV Counseling and
Testing (Region 8)
CARL C. RAMIREZ
HIV/AIDS NURSE COUNCELOR

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3. OBJECTIVES
Equip you
with basic knowledge about STIs & HIV
Encourage you
to practice
appropriate preventive measures
against STIs & HIV
Inspire you
to make healthy lifestyle a habit

4. HIV
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
Ito ay mikrobyo na
umaatake
sa natural na depensa ng
katawan.

5. AIDS
Acquired: transmitted from person to person
Immune: body’s system of defense
Deficiency: body can no longer fight off
infections
Syndrome: person experiences a collection
of symptoms which could be fatal
Advanced stage of HIV infection

6. AIDS
Ito ay kondisyon o produkto ng
pagkasira ng resistensya o natural
na depensa ng katawan ng taong
may HIV kung saan ang iba’t ibang
oportunistang impeksyon ay
pwedeng makapasok katulad ng
TB.

7. IMMUNE SYSTEM
(natural na depensa ng katawan)
Koleksyon ng mga cells at
sustansya na promoprotekta sa
katawan mula sa mga impeksyon
tulad ng TB at iba pang sakit

8. WINDOW PERIOD
Maximun amount of time it
may take for a person’s
body to create HIV
antibodies after infection.

10. HIV Positive:
Asymptomatic
AIDS:
Symptomatic

11. Remember these
numbers!
2 3 4 4 5

12. 2 Phases of HIV
Infection
1. ASYMPTOMATIC
2. SYMPTOMATIC

13. How does HIV
spread?

14. 1. Unprotected penetrative sexual
intercourse with an infected partner
through anal, vaginal and oral
3 Modes of HIV
Transmission

15. 3 Modes of HIV Transmission
2. Receiving contaminated blood through blood
transfusion, organ transplant and sharing of
used/contaminated needles and syringes

16. 3 Modes of HIV Transmission
3. From an HIV infected mother to her child
(Mother to Child Transmission – MTCT)
During Pregnancy During Natural Delivery During Breastfeeding

17. POSSIBLE HIV TRANSMISSION:
YES OR NO?

18. POSSIBLE HIV TRANSMISSION:
YES OR NO?

19. Breast milk
Semen
4 Body Fluids with HIV
HIV is found in:
Blood
Vaginal fluids

20. EXIT: from the body of an infected person
SURVIVE: virus must be infavorable condition
SUFFICIENT: enough virus must be present
ENTRY: must enter bloodstream of
another person
4 PRINCIPLES OF HIV
TRANSMISSION (ESSE)

21. How can I
protect myself
from HIV?

22. Mga Paraan ng Pag iwas sa
HIV, AIDS
 A
 B
 C
 D
 E

23. ABSTINENCE
“Ayoko Muna”
A
5 Preventive Measures

24. BE MUTUALLY
FAITHFUL
“Basta Ikaw lang at
Ako”
B
5 Preventive Measures

25. CHOICE
CORRECT &
CONSISTENT USE
of
CONDOMS
C
5 Preventive Measures

26. DON’T USE DRUGS &
ALCOHOL
“Droga at alak ay
Iwasan”
D
5 Preventive Measures

27. EDUCATION &
EARLY DETECTION
“Edukasyon at Agarang
Pagpakonsulta o check- up”
E
5 Preventive Measures

28. How will i
know if i
am HIV
positive?

29. A person’s HIV
status can only
be determined
through HIV
antibody testing

30. HIV testing is strictly voluntary, confidential,
and must be accompanied by pre- and post-test
counselling
Photo from World Vision

31. REMEMBER:
HIV has
NO CURE

32. Antiretroviral Drugs
(ARV)
 Multiple drugs have to be
combined to prevent
emergence of resistance…
3-4 drugs.
 This is what is known as
combination therapy or the
‘Highly Active Anti-
Retroviral Therapy’
(HAART).

33. Spectrum of HIV Infection
ENTRY into next host Asymptomatic Symptomatic Death
PLHIV - Person Living w/ HIV
vaginal fluid
semen
blood
Breas tmilk
initial
infection
enough
antibodie
s
Opportunistic
Infections
EXIT
from host
ARV

34. Link Between STI & HIV
STI
&
HIV
Same
preventive
measures
A person with
STI easily gets
HIV & passes
the virus to
another
Clinical
service entry
point
for HIV
education
Same sexual
mode of
transmission
HIV
is also an
STI

36.  Trichomonas
 Genital herpes
 Genital warts
 Genital
molluscum
 HIV
 Hepatitis B *
 Gonorrhea
 Syphilis
 Chlamydia
 Chancroid
Protozoal
Viral
Bacterial
 Candidiasis
Skin
Parasites
Fungal
 Pubic Lice
 Scabies
passed on by
close body
contact & do
not require
actual
penetrative
intercourse

37. Pain passing urine Severe itchiness Pain
Yellowish/abnormal
discharge
Ulcerations Abdominal pain

38. STI Key Messages
1. Every sexual activity is an opportunity to get STIs.
2. Co-infections and multiple infections are common
3. Some STIs may have some signs and symptoms,
others may not
4. If you have STIs and sexually active, you expose
your partners
5. Do not self medicate

39. STI Key Messages
1. Complete the treatment even if you feel better, it may
lead to complications
2. Having STIS makes getting and passing HIV easier
3. STIS can be passed from Mother to Child
4. Get checked if you have Hepa B. Get vaccinated so you
are protected

40. R.A. 8504
Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998
Features:
• Education
• Safe practices and procedures
• Counseling, screening, testing
• Monitoring
• Confidentiality
• Discriminatory acts and practices
• Philippine National AIDS Council

41. Remember these numbers!
2 3 4 4 5
PHASES
of
INFECTION
MODES
of
TRANSMISSION
BODY
FLUIDS
MEANS
Of
PREVENTION
PRINCIPLES
OF HIV
TRANSMISSIO
N

42. CHALLENGE:
What can
YOU do to
STOP the SPREAD
of HIV infection?

43. SPREAD the WORD
NOT the VIRUS...

44. THANK
YOU……