history of zero

1. Welcome to Aditya raj’s
p.p.t
This ppt is based on
“historical details of
zero”.

3. WHAT IS ZERO?
 Zero is a strange number and one of the greatest paradoxes of
human thought. It means both everything and nothing. It is both
a number and the numerical digit used to represent that
numbers in numerals. It fulfils a central role in mathematics as
the additive identity of the integers, real numbers and many
other algebraic structures. Without zero, not just mathematics,
but all branches of sciences would have struggled for clearer
definitions. As a digit, 0 is used as a placeholder in place value
systems. The value of Zero is well known today as it holds the
highest value today. Without the invention of 0, the binary
system and computer are not possible. It is a greatest
invention on which every calculation depends. Zero is a tiny
number but it can never be ignored.

4. Existence of zero..
Initially, zero was not considered a number. There was the idea of empty
space, which may be thought conceptually similar to zero. Babylonians
around 700 BC used two hooks to denote an empty space in the positional
notation. Records show that the ancient Greeks seemed unsure about the
status of zero as a number. The concept of zero as a number and not
merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India where by the 9th
century AD practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was
treated like any other number, even in case of division. The concept of zero
took some time for acceptance. It was only around 1600 that zero began to
come into widespread use after encountering a lot of support and also
criticism from mathematicians from the world.

5. History of zero
It is said that the number zero originated or was created in
these 3 places. Ancient India, Ancient Babylon, and the
Mayan Civilization. Historians believed that it came into
existence from 458 AD. Zeros were created at different times
in each of these civilizations. But the one that people think
was used first was in Ancient India by the Hindus and the
Arabics. Undoubtedly the complete credit goes to India for the
invention of Zero and its effects use as a number.

6. More- history of zero
 it is also said that Aryabhatta invented the number 0. Aryabhatta was one
of the world’s greatest mathematician-astronomer. Aryabhata devised a
number system, which had no zero, as a positional system, but used to
denote empty space. There is evidence that a dot had been used in earlier
manuscripts to denote an empty space in positional notation. He gave the
world the digit "0" (zero) for which he became immortal . He was the first
mathematician to use the concept of zero. He used zero for the first time to
define decimal system it is said that he was aware of the concept and even
used it in his calculations. He certainly did not use the symbol, but the
French mathematician Georges Ifrah argues that knowledge of zero was
implicit in Aryabhata's place-value system as a place holder for the powers
of ten with null coefficients.

7. LANGUAGE USED TO PRONOUNCE “ZERO” IN
OTHER COUNTRIES
•It was known by the name “SHUNYA” .After the
translation of the Indian word “Shunya” became ‘Sifr’ in
Arabic language. The word ‘Sifr’ became ‘Zephyr’ in Latin.
Later the word ‘Zephyr’ became ZERO. In the same way it
was called by different words in different languages.
 Cyfra – in polish.
 Cifra – in Spain.
 Zero – in French.
 Sonne – in Kannada.

8. EQUATIONS RELATED TO ZERO
• The great mathematician of India Brahmagupta wrote on nature
of Zero in his book “Bramhagupta Siddhanth”
• 1)A + 0 = A
• 2)A – 0 = A
• 3)A × 0 = 0
• 4)A / 0 = 0
His first 3 equations were correct but he failed to express the
product of 4th one. He told it as Zero instead of Infinity. Later it
was solved by another famous Indian mathematician Bhaskar It was
mentioned in his famous book “Leelavathi”

9. The rules of brahma gupta
 The sum of zero and a negative number is negative.
 The sum of zero and a positive number is positive.
 The sum of zero and zero is zero.
The sum of a positive and a negative is their difference; or, if
their absolute values are equal, zero.
A positive or negative number when divided by zerois a
fraction with the zero as denominator.
Zero divided by a negative or positive number is either zero
or is expressed as a fraction with zero as numerator and the
finite quantity as denominator.
 Zero divided by zero is zero.

10. THANK YOU
Name – Aditya raj
Class – ix ‘c’
Roll no. – ‘3’
Subject- math's ‘ holiday homework’