Financial markets play a fundamental role in economic development by facilitating the flow of funds from savers to investors. In Nepal, the capital market began with the establishment of the Securities Marketing Center in 1976, which was later converted to the Securities Exchange Center (SEC) and Nepal Stock Exchange. The market saw growth with financial sector liberalization in the 1980s and 1990s, as more private finance companies and commercial banks entered. However, the manufacturing sector has seen low profitability, so growth has mainly come from the financial sector listing on the exchange. For the market to further develop, policies aim to increase market intermediaries and investors to promote a healthy, competitive environment.
History of Indian Capital Markets, structure, SEBI, market concepts - bear and bull markets, stop loss, top-down approach, types of shares - preferential, common equity, hybrid, small mid and large cap, how to read stock quote, PE Ratio and its applications, order FAQ, risks, stock market indices, demat & trading accounts
Money Market and Capital Market participation for industrialization in Bangla...Ariful Saimon
Premier University[B.B.A]
Money and Capital Market
Presentation Subject
Money Market and Capital Market participation for industrialization in Bangladesh
Submitted to
Assistant Professor: Mrs.Tanbina Tabassum
Department of Finance
Faculty of Business Administration
Premier University, Chittagong.
Semester: 8th Section: “A” Batch :22nd
Department : Finance
Group Name: D
History of Indian Capital Markets, structure, SEBI, market concepts - bear and bull markets, stop loss, top-down approach, types of shares - preferential, common equity, hybrid, small mid and large cap, how to read stock quote, PE Ratio and its applications, order FAQ, risks, stock market indices, demat & trading accounts
Money Market and Capital Market participation for industrialization in Bangla...Ariful Saimon
Premier University[B.B.A]
Money and Capital Market
Presentation Subject
Money Market and Capital Market participation for industrialization in Bangladesh
Submitted to
Assistant Professor: Mrs.Tanbina Tabassum
Department of Finance
Faculty of Business Administration
Premier University, Chittagong.
Semester: 8th Section: “A” Batch :22nd
Department : Finance
Group Name: D
Money market and capital market participation for industrialization in bangla...Ariful Saimon
Money Market and Capital Market participation for industrialization in Bangladesh
Assignment Made by
MD.Ariful Islam Saimon Chy
ID:1022114412
Department of finance
B.B.A
Premier university
Chittagong,Bangladesh
Capital Market and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Nigeriaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications
This paper investigates the awareness level and challenges confronting the Bhutanese Stock market and brokers to ascertain its development potential within this emerging economy. The study was carried out using both quantitative and qualitative techniques and is mainly based on primary sources of data where a semi-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data from the public, brokers and officials of Royal Securities Exchange of Bhutan Limited (RSEBL). The findings have revealed that more than half of the public are aware of the existence of the RSEBL and they are not highly knowledgeable about trading on the Stock market or its benefits. The study also found that the respondents are interested in investing in the Stock market but lacked knowledge on investment avenues. Furthermore, the findings have revealed the challenges and limitations which hinder the development of a more robust stock market in Bhutan. The major challenges faced by RESBL and its brokers are lack of participation from public and companies, low frequency of trade and liquidity problem. The study suggests that the public should be educated on the benefits of investing in the stock market as well as on the procedures of investing in stocks. In addition, RSEBL should encourage more companies to be listed in the stock exchange. This study draws awareness to the existence of the Bhutan stock market as a potential investment opportunity. Furthermore, it sheds light on the challenges emerging markets face in establishing a viable and effective exchange.
Final Report on Capital Market with all the components including derivatives, Classification of capital market, Trading Procedure, Legal frame work of capital market, Clearing and settlement procedures, Role of RBI &SEBI, Recommendations & Problem of capital market, Conclusion, etc.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
1. History in Nepal
Financial markets and institutions are the key to the devlopment of any economy,
whether devoped or developing. Devleoped economies usually already have a
highly sophisticated financial market in place whereas developing economis
usually have no or rudimentary institutions in place. During the turn of the century
a lot of countries gave up the moribund communist style economy towards a
mordern capitalist economy. In this process a large number of financial markets
have developed accross the world, including in my home country Nepal. Some of
the emerging markets, especially India and China, have been able to attract huge
amounts of foreign investments because these countries have been able to show
extraordianry amounts of economic growth. In 1994, the
Government of Nepal established a stock market with the technical assistance of
the IRIS Center at the University of Maryland under the USAID sponsored
Economic Liberalization Project.
Financial markets play a fundamental role in the economic development of a
country. They are the intermediary link in facilitating the flow of funds from savers
to investors. By providing an institutional mechanism for mobilizing domestic
savings and efficiently channeling them into productive investments, they lower
the cost of capital to investors and accelerate economic growth of the country.
Financial intermediation between borrowers and savers is done by commercial
banks. This credit market enables debt financing for investments. An alternative
method of intermediation is through equity financing. This is only possible through
the development of capital markets.
Capital markets, which deal with securities such as stocks and bonds, are
associated with financial resource mobilization on a long term basis. Capital
markets also allow for wider ownership among the public, thereby distributing
risks and wealth amongst smaller investors. As such, capital markets help the
economy to generate more savings and productive investments. A basic feature of
an efficient capital market is constant liquidity, i.e., an easy mechanism for entry
and exit by investors. Typically in developing countries, for various economic and
policy reasons, financial markets are underdeveloped. In those countries where a
capital market does exist, it is in a very rudimentary state. Private wealth and
investments are concentrated among several large companies and individuals. As a
result, these capital markets are very narrow based. They are constrained by
2. limited investment opportunities and low income and savings rates. In many cases,
the economy has high inflation, leading to a savings disincentive and capital flight.
Financial sector development is a lengthy, evolutionary process. It is an indicator
of the state of economic development of the country, since an efficient well-
developed financial market is only possible when there is substantial income
generation and investment opportunities.
Nepal is a landlocked, mountainous country situated between India and China. It is
a small, mostly agrarian based economy, sharing an open border with North India.
With a GDP of $ 3.75 billion, Nepal has a per capita income of $ 200, one of the
lowest in the world. As per 1995 figures, agriculture constitutes nearly 42% of
GDP, whereas manufacturing sector comprises of only 9.4% of GDP.
The financial and construction sectors each constitute about 10% of GDP.Industrial
development began in Nepal only in the mid-sixties, when the Government began
establishing manufacturing industries such as the jute industry, cement factories,
and sugar factories. In order to support this industrialization process, government
actively promoted financial institutions, such as commercial banks and capital
market institutions.
The Nepali capital market had its beginnings with the establishment of the
Securities Marketing Center in 1976. In 1984, the Securities Exchange Act was
promulgated and this institution was converted into the Securities Exchange Center
(SEC) under the ownership of the Nepali Government, Nepal Rastra Bank - the
Central Bank - and the Nepal Industrial Development Corporation – a government
owned industrial development bank. The main function of SEC was to assist in the
development of a capital market by performing the role of a broker, underwriter
and share issuer, and to sell government bonds. It operated an over the counter
market for company shares and government bonds. After the inception of the
Securities Exchange Center, shares of various manufacturing, trading and banking
companies became listed. Interestingly, the
listed shares were dominated by public enterprises during this stage. Between 1984
and 1990, 42 companies were listed, out of which more than 25 companies had
some form of government ownership.
The real boost into the capital market in the form of a private sector led growth
began with the financial sector liberalization. In the mid-eighties, Nepal opened its
doors to foreign investors as joint venture partners in the banking sector, which
3. revolutionized commercial banking services in Nepal. Since then, a variety of
private sector based financial institutions have evolved. In 1992, the Finance
Companies Act was amended. This enabled finance companies to be established to
function in various areas such as leasing, housing finance, and hire-purchase.
These institutions were also allowed to perform capital market functions such as
share issue, portfolio management, market making and custodial services.
The growth of these financial institutions was complemented by the establishment
of the Nepal Stock Exchange. In 1993, the Securities Exchange Act was amended.
The Securities Exchange Center was converted into the Nepal Stock Exchange for
securities trading by private brokers and the Securities Exchange Board was
established for oversight functions as a regulatory body. This amendment also
permitted private sector market intermediaries and set the operating guidelines for
intermediary functions such
as broking, market making, issue management, and portfolio management. The
economic environment which provides the main stimulus for a healthy growth of
the capital markets has also influenced this market quite considerably. In 1992, the
Finance Companies Act was amended. As a result, in the three year period, more
than 30 finance companies were established all of whom have made public share
issues and are being listed on the Stock Exchange. This growth in the financial
sector was further boosted by the liberalization of the commercial banking sector.
The Central Bank gave licenses to more than 5 joint venture commercial banks.
The commercial banking industry has historically performed very well in the
capital markets, which infused a lot of investor interest in the market during the
early stages of its development. Together, these sectors accounted for 65% of the
turnover and 36 % of the total amount of public issue in 1994/95. In Nepal, the
financial sector has witnessed tremendous growth and profitability, in contrast to
the manufacturing sector where profitability has been very low1. The
manufacturing companies which are listed on the Stock Exchange have typically
been very stagnant because they are primarily government owned public
enterprises or newly established companies without a long track record of
profitability. Privately owned companies which are profitable generally hesitate to
go public owing to tax or other reasons. As a result, the growth of the stock market
has mainly been due to the liberalization and the resulting growth of the financial
sector (commercial banks and finance companies) rather that that of the industrial
sector.
4. Government’s privatization policy also enabled new industrial companies to enter
the stock market. In 1994/95, of the total public issue, 31% was issues of privatized
companies. In 1992, the Government brought out the Industrial Enterprises Act and
enforced the one-window policy to actively promote foreign investment in the
country.
This resulted in some new joint venture companies in the country, which accounted
for 29% of the public issue in 1994/95.
It is the objective of all policymakers to try to ensure a healthy, sustainable and
stable growth of capital markets. It is the responsibility of the policymakers to be
help to help and sustain a favorable growth environment for the infant capital
market. To promote a healthy, competitive market, policymakers should seek to
increase the number of market intermediaries and investors, both individuals as
well as institutional. The regulatory environment also needs to be strengthened. A
lot of institutional changes are necessary if Nepal is to have a sophisticated capital
market that will be able to cater to the needs of all market participants. It is only
when there is a healthy, competitive institutional structure supported by liberal and
stable economic policies facilitating increased savings and investments in the
country that the capital markets can grow.