1. HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL
INSEMINATION
By;
Y.D.HUSSAINI
GVM/18-022
Dept. of VGO

2. INSEMINATION
384 - 322
B.C
Aristotle Human embryo were developed from menstrual blood.
1322
A.D.
Arab Horse
Breeders
Inseminated Mares with Stallion’s semen.
1677 Antoni van
Leeuwenhock
and Johann
Hamm
Demonstrated motile cells in semen and referred it as
“Animalcules.”
1784 Lazzaro
Spallanzani
Artificial Insemination in amphibians and in a bitch, he
also proved that the fertilizing power of semen
resided in the spermatozoa carried by spermatic
fluid.
1799 John Hunter Artificial Insemination in Human beings.
1890 Repiquet Artificial Insemination in Horses and advised it as a
means of overcoming sterility.

3. 1890 Sand and Stribolt Obtained 4 successful conceptions after
Artificial Insemination in 8 mares.
1909 Ivanovich Ivanoff (Russian) First man who successfully did A.I in
cattle, sheep and birds
1914 Professor Amantea
(Human Physiologist)
Designed artificial vagina for dogs and
cattle
1933 Walton Described the handling of semen.
1934 Miller and Evans Tried ampullary massage technique in
bulls.
1935 Gunn Devised electroejaculator for rams.
1938 Milovanov Devised artificial vagina for bull, stallion
and ram and extenders for diluting the
semen.

4. 1938 Laplaud, Thiabault and
Cassou
Devised electroejaculator for
bulls
1949 Polge, Smith and Parkes Long time preservation of
semen at -79 ° C.
1951 Stewart Reported the birth of first calf
born from frozen semen
1952 Smith and Polge Introduced glycerol as a
cryoprotective agent and
freezing of semen at -196 ° C in
liquid nitrogen

5. Indian Scenario
1939 J. D. Sampath kumaran First man who did A.I in cattle at the palace dairy
herd of Maharaja of Mysore. Inseminated Hallikar
cows with semen collected from Friesian bulls.
1939 P. Bhattacharya Established A.I centre at IVRI, Izatnagar
1942 Reported the birth of first buffalo calf born through A.I. at Agricultural
Institute, Allahabad.
1944 Four regional centres were established throughout India to implement A.I on
large scale at Patna, Bangalore, Calcutta and Montgomery (Pakistan).
1961 Frozen semen technology was first introduced in India at NDRI, Bangalore.
During the First five year plan (April, 1951 to March, 1956) a master project
the key village scheme was launched, which provides for the all round
improvement of cattle and buffaloes in the country
According to present status AI is currently used in dairy & beef, cattle, goats,
buffalo, sheep, swine, horses, turkeys, bees, dogs, red fox, fish, mink,
humans ?& many other species in many countries of the world.

6. methods
Bulls
 Collection from vagina
 Massage technique
 Electroejaculation method
 Artificial vagina method
Stallion
 Vaginal method
 Collection of tail end sample
 Condom or Breeder's bag method
 Artificial vagina method
 Ram and Bucks
 Vaginal method
 Artificial vagina method
 Electro ejaculation

7. BOAR
 Gloved hand method
 Artificial Vagina method
 Electro ejaculation method
Canine
 Digital pressure and massage
 AV method

8. Vaginal method ( Spoon or Sponge
technique)
 Simplest and earliest method
 The bull is allowed to mount the cow and the
semen is collected from vagina by means of a
spoon or Sponge or syringe with a long nozzle.
 In mares a rubber tube of 2 to 21/2 inch and 3/16
inch diameter is passed in to vagina and suction
by mouth or syringe the semen is collected in a
sterile glass bottle.
 From ewes semen is withdrawn from the anterior
part of vagina by a glass pipetted or plexi glass.

9. Disadvantages
 Semen contaminated with secretions of
genital system and with bacteria.
 All these methods were crude and disease
transmission may be occurs.
 Keeping quality of the semen will be very
poor.

10. Ampullary Massage
technique
 Here semen is collected by massaging the
ampullae and seminal vesicle through the
rectum.
 Procedure:
 remove all dung from the rectum
 The seminal vesicles are gently massaged for
few times with fingers by backward and
downward strokes towards urethra and a cloudy
fluid is expelled.
 Then the ampullae is massaged by gentle, slow
and rhythmic manner after that ampullae is
squeezed/stripped by pressing over floor of the

11.  Advantages:
 Used To collect from bulls those are incapable
of erection, incapable of mounting due to less
libido, lameness or fracture and refusing to
artificial vagina.
 Disadvantages :
 Semen may contaminated with urine or sand.
 poor keeping quality.
 Excessive massage will cause inflammation of
the organs.

12. Electro ejaculator method
 Use in ox, ram, buck.
 This method was used by Gunn in 1936 for rams.
Later it was modified for collection of semen in bulls
 Semen collected by Electrical stimulation of
ampullae and seminal vesicle .
 Procedure
 After cleaning the rectum the electrodes is inserted
and passed forward upto 30 cm.
 The electrodes can be pressed down on the floor
of the rectum directly over the two ampullae
between the two diverting seminal vesicles .

13.  An alternate current is passed starting at 5
voltage and return back to zero every 5 to 10
seconds.
 Subsequent stimulations should go high and
again come back to zero.
 This is gradually increased up to 15 volts.
 Generally the erection and ejaculation occurs at
10-15 volts .
 In rams Pass the electrical current 2, 5 and 8 volt
peaks in a series of 5 seconds on and 5 seconds
off by increasing the voltage.
 The first portion consists of watery secretion of
the accessory glands and can be discarded.
 The portion is usually containing semen is

14.  Advantages :
 Helps to collect from bulls that are not able to
mount but having good pedigree.
 Disadvantages :
 painful to bulls
 semen more in volume and less in sperm
concentration.
 The contamination of semen will also be more.
 Animal may lie down due to paralysis.

15. •Thibault et al. (1948) successfully used this for bulls.

16. Artificial vagina (AV) method
 This is the most widely used and preferred method
for routine semen collection.
 Artificial vagina is very convenient and is more
near to the natural service.
 Normal, clear ejaculate can be collected.
 Russians (Kumorov and Nagev, 1932) designed
the first artificial vagina.
 The Cornell University workers developed Cornell
Model and in US “Danish model” was developed.

17. Parts of Artificial
Vagina
 Rubber hose pipe or cylinder
 Inner liner
 Directors cone
 Collection vial
 Insulation bag

18. ASSEMBLING OF AV
 After sterilization all parts The inner liner should be
inserted into the AV and both the ends are turned
back over the ends of the cylinder
 Rubber bands may be attached on both the ends
so as to form a jacket between the liner and rubber
cylinder.
 The director cone is fastened over one end of the
AV and the glass semen collecting vial is attached
to the smaller end of the cone.
 After assembling AV, half the jacket is filled with
warm water of about 65-70 ⁰ C is poured to get the
final temperature of 42.5 to 45 ⁰C inside the AV.
 Stallions -45-48, Rams 45-50, Boars 45-50, Dogs
40-42 ⁰C

19.  The remaining half of the jacket is filled with air.
 The insulation bag is applied to cover the director
cone and collection vial.
 sterile lubricating jelly is applied for 3 to 5 inches
of the interior of liner.

20. Preparation of bull
 Collection is done in the early morning.
 Animals should be washed to remove all the dirt.
 bulls should be tied with bull apron and the
prepuce should be cleaned with normal saline.
 The bulls are allowed to watch the other bulls
mounting which will stimulate the bull.
 protrusion of penis from prepuce will indicate the
bull is ready to mount.

21. collection
 The teaser should be restrained in a chute.

22.  The right handed operator can approach the bull
from right side by holding the AV on his right hand
 When the bull mounts and ready to make the
thrust, the operator using the left hand drawn the
penis from sheath and directs it into the AV
 The semen should be ejaculated in director cone
or directly on collection vial
 After collecting the semen the collection vial is
disconnected immediately, closed with clean
stopper / sterile aluminum, plastered with details
of bulls, placed in a beaker containing water of
about 34 ⁰ C and examined as soon as possible.

24. Species Artificial vagina hose Artificial vagina liner Artificial vagina cone
Length Diameter Length Diameter Length Diameter
Cattle 35 cm 6.5 cm 54 cm 5.5 cm 24cm Upper: 5.0
cm
Lower: 1.5-
2.0 cm
Buffalo 30 cm 6.5 cm 54 cm 5.5 cm
Stallion 54 cm 13 cm *
Sheep 20 cm 4.5cm 30 cm 3.0 cm
Goat 15 cm 4.5cm 30 cm 3.0 cm

25. Collection of tail end sample
o After copulation in a stallion to a mare the
last portion dripping from glans penis,
urethra of male and vulva is collected in
a glass tube
o This portion is usually contaminated with
dirt.

26. Breeder’s bag or condom
method
 Used in stallion’s by Mac
Leod of Mc Gee.
 The bag is applied over
the erect penis , squeeze
out the air and applied
rubber bands.
 The stallion is allowed to
mount, the ejaculate is
collected in a pre
warmed sterile tube.
bottle and kept in a water
bath of 35o c for further

27. Gloved hand method
 As the boar mounts
the penis will protrude
 Catch the twisted
glans penis in gloved
hand and exerts
pressure on it.
 Once the ejaculation
is started the pressure
should be maintained
until the ejaculation
completed.
 The semen is
collected in a sterile

28. Digital pressure and massage
 Grasp the prepuce , push it back and expose the
tip glans penis .
 Lock your fingers in a ring around the penis,
essentially holding the bulbus glandis inside your
fist.
 Apply pressure with forward and backward
movement; in most cases, the male will begin to
thrust back and forth.
 Slide the semen collection cup over the protruding
penis and slide it over the penis, pushing the
prepuce back over of the bulbus glandis
 The first fraction is a clear fluid and has only few
sperms.

30. THANK YOU