This document provides a brief history of Afghanistan from 50,000 BCE to the present day. It covers the early human settlements and introduction of farming, invasions and conquests by various groups like the Aryans, Persians, Greeks, and Arabs who brought new religions. It then discusses the period of British influence and wars in the 19th century, as well as periods of instability, communist rule, and the Soviet invasion. Finally, it outlines the rise of the Taliban in the 1990s, their rule over most of Afghanistan, and their hosting of Al Qaeda until being driven from power after 9/11.