The document summarizes some of the key developments in educational technology from 1960 to 2000, including: 1) Programmed instruction in the 1960s which utilized self-teaching textbooks and teaching machines to present material in small, logically sequenced increments. 2) Systematic instructional design in the 1970s which aimed to maximize the effectiveness of instruction through analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation based on theories of learning. 3) The introduction of computers in the 1980s which were initially used as aids for teachers but later facilitated interactive and individualized computer-assisted language learning.