Pushto is one of the national languages of Afghanistan, primarily spoken in the east, south, and southeast of the country by 35-60% of the population. In Pakistan, it is spoken as a first language by about 15.42% of people, mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, FATA, and northern Balochistan. Pushto is an Eastern Iranian language related to Ossetian and Yaghnobi. It has two major dialects, Western and Eastern, and is written in the Persian Arabic script with some modified letters. The first written records of Pushto date to the 16th century, and notable early poets include Khushkhal Khan Khattak in the 17

1. PUSHTO HISTORY
Group members
 farman ali
 Sabaon
 Sameena

2. WHAT IS PUSHT LANGAUGE ?
 pushto is one of the national language of
afghanistan.major pushto speaking cities in
afghanistan are kabul and kandhara.
 pushto is not only the name of a language but it
comprises all the tadition, norm and value of
pukhtoon.

3. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
IN AFGHANISTAN
• As a national language of afghanistan , pushto is
primarily spoken in the east , south and southest
, but also in some northern and western parts of
the country . The exact number of speaking are
unavailable , but different estimate show that
pashto is the mother tongue of 35-60% of a total
papultion of afghanistan

4. IN PAKISTAN
• In pakistan , Pashto is a provincial
language, spoken as a first language by
about 15.42% of pakistan’s 170 million
people .It is the main language of the
pashtun-majority regions of khyber
pakhtunkhwa ,
• Federally administered triabal areas (FATA)
and northern Balochistan .

5. • It is also spoken in part of Mianwali and
attock districts of the punjab province as
well as by Pashtuns who are found living in
different cities throughout the
country.Modern pashto-speaking
communities are found in the cities of
karachi and hyderabad in sindh.

6. IN OTHER COUNTRY
• Other communities of pashto speakers are found in
tajikistan , and further in the Pashtun diaspora . There are
also communities of pashtun descent in the southwestern
part of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Pashto speaking communities also exist in the middle
East , especially in the united arab Emirates , saudi arabia
, as wellas in United states, United Kingdom,Thiland,
Canada, Germany, in the northerland, Sweden, Australia,
Japan etc………

7. LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION
its relations to other languages
• Pashto is one of the East iranian group
of languages , which includes , for
example , Ossete (North ossetian, north
Ossetaian, Cancauasus Sovit Socialist
and Yaghnobi (tajikistan)

8. LANGUAGE VERIATION
• There are two major dialects of pashto :
Western pashto spoken in afghanistan and
in the capital , Kabul, and Eastern pashto
spoken in northrest pakistan. Most
speakers of pushto these two dialects.
• Two other dialects are also distinguished:
Southern pashto spoken in balochistan
(Western Pakistan and estern iran ) and in
kandhar , Afghanistan

9. ORTHOGRAPHY
• Pushto has been written in a variant of the
Persian script ( which in turn is variant of Arabic
script )since the late sixteen century .Certain
letters were modified to account for sound
specific to Pushto. Until the spelling system was
standardized in the eighteen century , the
representaion of these consonantes varied
greatly. The pushto alphabet , which has more
vowel sound than either Persian or Arabic
,represents vowel more extensively than either
the Persian or the Arabic alphabet.

10. LINGUISTIC SKETCH
• Pashto has a seven vowel system.There are retroflex
consonants sounds pronounced with tongue tip curled
back-which were presumably borrowed from nearby Indo-
Aryan language . Unlike other Iranian language , such as
Persian , pashto allows consonants clusters of two or
three sounds at the beginning of a syllable.

11. HISTORY
• The first written records of pushto are
believed to date from the sixteen century
and consist of an account of Shekh Mali’s
conquest of swat. In the seventeenth
century, khushkhal Khan khattak,
considered the national poet of afghanistan
, was writing in Pashto.

12. FIRST POEM
• As it is universal that the literature of a
language starts with poetry , so is the case
with Pashto language, Amir karor is said to
be the first Pashto poet .
• The name of this poem was “ pata
khazana “

13. LIST OF PUSHTO –LANGUAGE POETS
• 8th century
Amir karor Suri
16th century
Pir Roshan. He belonged to bangash (1525-1585)
• 17th century
 Khushkhal khan khattak (1613-1773)
 Rahaman baba (1653-1711)
• 18th century
 Afzal khan khattak, grandson of khushal khan khattk
 Ahmad shah Abdali, king, founder of afghanistan
 Abdul Hamid baba

14. • 20th century and beyond
 Ajmal khattak
 Ameer Hamza Shinwari
 Ghani khan
 kabir Stori
 Abdul Bari jahani
 Hafizullah khaled
 khatir Afridi
 Mohammad Hassan Zamani
 Pareshan khattak
 Sulaiman Layeq
 Ezatullah Zawab etc………….