This document discusses the history and evolution of hip-hop music from its origins in Africa through its development in the United States. It covers early influential artists like the Sugarhill Gang and Grandmaster Flash, the rise of gangster rap groups like N.W.A., and the career of Tupac Shakur. It also examines the shift from early hip-hop that told stories to the more commercial gangster rap that was criticized for vulgar lyrics, and the subsequent growth of conscious rap artists with positive political and social messages.

1. Hip-hop is a very popular form of music today, influencing
cultures all around the world. There is a genre of rap nationally
as well as globally. Hip-hop genres number close to a 100, from
alternative hip hop to conscious rap.
Rap is infamous for its the negative connotations expressed in
the lyrics, especially in the genres, gangster rap, hardcore hip-
hop and underground hip-hop.
We reviewed a) old school hip-hop, b) gangster rap, c) gospel
rap (Christian Hip-Hop) and d) conscious Hip-Hop
We should not blindly find mistakes
and negativity in hip-hop. We must
acknowledge this genre of music for
all of the good it represents. Today,
conscious rap artists are speaking
truth to youth and motivating them!
Historical Perceptions of Hip Hop Genres
(Gangsta Rap to Conscious Rap)
Research QQuestion
Old School Hip-Hop and Gospel Rap
Gangster Rap
Hip-Hop Today
References
“I literally cringe when I listen to many albums, and
watching hip-hop videos is usually a bad idea,” Lee says.
As a Gospel rapper, Lee has observed the downhill turn
hip-hop has taken in recent years. He argues that rap has
turned away from story telling and toward the degradation
of women and the usage of drugs.
Lee believes that in ideas that are in the Bible and is
currently attending Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
in Louisville, Kentucky.
The Sugarhill Gang became very popular with their 1979
song “Rapper’s Delight,” which was considered the first
hip-hop record to gain widespread popularity.
Grandmaster Flash’s “The Message” was a record released
in 1982 about his experiences.
These two records were essential to the true art of rap as
they told stories without using offensive language.
The Roots of Rapping
Has the subgenre of conscious hip-hop (or socially conscious hip-
hop), which challenges the dominant cultural, political,
philosophical and economic consensus, changed the perception
of hip-hop artists, music, and lyrics today? An example is activist,
Talib Kweli [Student/True in Arabic], with strong political views on
racial stereotypes and police brutality.
Tasso (message) and Kebetu (fast, grounded in Senegal,
expressed poetry in a musical way. Villagers used handmade
instruments to tell stories about their families and local
events. This particular style of talking while music is playing is
called rap.
Traditions migrated when Africans were kidnapped and sent to
America during the Atlantic Slave Trade.
Slaves used this form of music and singing as a coping
mechanism from the pain of slavery while they worked hard in
the fields.
PROF. AFRIKA BAMBBAATAA
Kevin Donovan, known as Afrika Bambaataa by his stage name,
is an American D.J. and an originator of break beat DJing.
His stage name means “affectionate leader.”
His encyclopedic knowledge of funk grooves earned him
the nickname of Master of Records.
He is considered the grandfather and godfather of universal
hip-hop culture and is responsible for spreading hip-hop
culture throughout the world.
He formed Zulu Nation, the world’s oldest and most globally
widespread hip hop cultural organization and music-oriented
youth organization.
D.J. Bambaataa’s first recorded release on Paul Winley Records
(125th St located inn Harlem was called “Zulu Nation
Throwdown Part 1” in 1980.
In 2012, the hip-hop pioneer was named Visiting Professor at
Cornell University, the prestigious Ivy League college.
Notably, Cornell University has the world’s largest archive on
hip-hop culture (e.g., sound recordings, flyers, photographs,
videos, and other artifacts.
Trip Lee
“The Good Life”
“ I’m Good”
“Between Two Worlds”
Though Ice-T made gangster rap popular by being the first
hip-hop album to receive a parental advisory sticker, N.W.A
(N****z Wit Attitudes) was a group that was known
globally known for its lyrics in the late 1980s.
In the film “Straight Outta Compton,” we see the rude
welcoming gangster rap received from the mainstream.
That is because they didn’t understand that all they were
doing was expressing themselves.
People have believed that rap and artists are violent.
People criticize what they don’t understand. The style of
music, clothing, and vulgar lyrics are different for listeners
who are not aware of what occurred in the hood.
Tupac Amaru (Shining Serpent) and thankful to God
(Shakur)
2Pac’s first song was about gun control
Tupac’s mother was a Black Panther
2Pac dated Madonna
Me Against the World was #1 while 2Pac was incarcerated
The biblical scripture, Exodus 18:31, is tattooed on Tupac’s
back
The acronym, THUGLIFE, means “The Hate U Give Little
Infants F**** Everybody.
The acronym, N****Z, is “Never Ignorant Getting Goals
Accomplished.
2Pac appeared on Forbes’ Top Earning Dead Celebrities
three years in a row earning $7 M, $12 M, and $5 M
Tupac’s ex-wife earned a B.S. degree in Criminal Justice
from John Jay College of Criminal Justice
Dyson, M.E. (1997). Beyond God and Gangsta Rap: Bearing Witness to Black Culture.:
Bearing Witness to Black Culture. New York: Oxford University Press:.
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Civitas Books.
Dyson, M. E., Jay-Z, ., & Nas, . (2007). Know what I mean?: Reflections on hip-hop. New York:
Basic Civitas Books.
Gourdine, R. M., & Lemmons, B. P. (2011). Perceptions of Misogyny in Hip Hop and Rap:
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Merrit, J. (2015, Feb 4). Trip Lee: Inside the mind of a misfit Christian rapper. Retrieved from
http://jonathanmerritt.religionnews.com/2015/02/04/trip-lee-inside-mind-
misfit-christian-rapper/
Miller, M. R., Pinn, A. B., & Bun, B. (2015). Religion in hip hop: Mapping the new terrain in
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http://www.biography.com/news/nwa-where-are-they-now-straight-outta-
compton-
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| OldSchoolHipHop.Com. (blog). Retrieved 17 November 2015, from
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on S social Work Practice, 16(2), 211-223.
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Praeger:
Conclusions
The language used in hip-hop continues to be considered
offensive.
Ex- rapper Master P (Percy Miller) made a statement to the
House Energy Commerce subcommittee that he is now
committed to producing clean lyrics and apologized to women
for past songs that demeaned them (Abrams, 2007).
Rapper and producer, David Banner, born Levell Crump, on the
other hand, stated at the Capital Hill debate, From Imus to
Industry: The Business of Stereotypes and Degrading Images:
''If by some stroke of the pen hip-hop was silenced, the issues
would still be present in our communities… Drugs, violence,
sexism and the criminal element were around long before hip-
hop existed.''
Conscious Rap? Lamar and J Cole
Muhammad Bilal, Selisha Dyal, Chris Meyer, Adelaida Preda, & Jonathan Vargas
AFR 320-50 | Dr. Patricia Johnson Coxx | Peer Mentor Kemi Adesunloro
Introduction
The Sugarhill Gang,
Grandmaster Flash
N.W.A
The Language of Hip-Hop
Tupac Amaru Ahakur (2pac) (1971-1996)
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