Hinduism originated from the term used to describe people living near the Indus River. It has no single founder but regards itself as eternal. Key texts include the Vedas, Upanishads, and Mahabharata. Patanjali is considered the father of Hindu psychology according to the summary. Hindu psychology focuses on four states of consciousness - sleeping, dreaming, awakened, and superconscious (Samadhi). It emphasizes controlling the mind through meditation to attain higher states of awareness.

1. HINDUISM

2. ORIGIN OF HINDUISM
• The term "Hinduism" derives
from a Persian word that
refers to the Sindhu (or
Indus) river in northwest
India; "Hindu" was first used
in the 14th century by Arabs,
Persians, and Afghans to
describe the peoples of the
region. By the end of the
19th century, "Hinduism" was
adopted by the British
colonial administration in
India to describe the various
religious beliefs and
practices of the majority of
India's population.

3. FOUNDERS OF HINDUISM
• Hinduism has neither a specific
moment of origin nor a specific
founder. Rather, the tradition
understands itself to be
timeless, having always existed.
Indeed, its collection of sacred
texts is known, as a whole, as
Sanatana Dharma, "The Eternal
Teaching." At the beginning of
each new cosmic age, or yuga,
the core of these teachings is
(re)revealed to human beings by
the gods.
The great epic the
Mahabharata says that
Manu, as the first human,
is thus the progenitor of all
future Hindu

4. Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy, for instance, which for many
modern Hindus articulates the core philosophical principles of Hinduism,
is often said to have been founded by Shankara Acharya in the late 8th
century C.E. Shankara is credited with authoring some of the most
important commentaries on key sacred texts, particularly the Upanishads
commentaries that later became the basis for many of the devotional
(bhakti) and meditational (yoga) principles and practices of later
Hinduism.
The core of his teachings is that there is no essential difference between the
divine principle of the cosmos (Brahman) and the material and human realm.
Shankara argued that what we think of as "the world" is merely an illusion,
and that through knowledge (jnana) we are able to cut through this illusion
and realize union with Brahman (called moksha).

5. Shruti (revealed) Smrti (remembered)
*the Vedas
*vast collection of myths, epic texts,
and traditions
*the Brahmanas
*the Upanishads (=Vedanta)
[*the Bhagavadgita]
The textual tradition of Hinduism encompasses an almost
incomprehensible collection of oral and written scriptures that include
myths, rituals, philosophical speculation, devotional poems and songs,
local histories, and so on. There are two basic categories of religious
texts within this vast collection, Shruti (revealed) and Smrti
(remembered). Shruti generally refers to the Vedas, the Brahmanas, and
the Upanishads; some Hindus also classify the Bhagavad Gita as shruti.
Smrti typically refers to everything else

6. COMPARISION OF WESTERN AND INDIAN
PSYCHOLOGY
WESTERN PSYCHOLOGY
According to Freud, Jung, and others,
the greater portion of the mind is
actually submerged, unknown to every
one of us. The mind can be compared
to an iceberg. Although only a small
portion is visible above the water,
nevertheless the submerged part of it
exists and is a power to be reckoned
with. From the surface of the water
one cannot easily gauge the size of the
whole iceberg.
INDIAN PSYCHOLOGY
The submerged mind, the
subconscious state, is a potent factor
and powerful enough to determine
even conscious tendencies. Often we
do not realize what influences are
hidden there. A man may not be aware
of the forces that lie beneath the
surface of his mind, nor can these
forces be suspected by an untrained
observer. Hindu psychologists call
these hidden mental forces samskaras.

7. MAIN AREAS FOCUSSED BY HINDU
PSYCHOLOGY
• According to the Hindu psychological schools, the greatest expression of
mind lies in its total illumination, which is achieved, as we shall see, by the
subjective methods of concentration and meditation and consequent mental
integration. The mind must be synthesized in order for a person to achieve
real success. Greatness of mind can be judged not by its ability in action
but rather by its integration and unification
• Hindu psychologists recognize four states of consciousness,
sleeping, dreaming, awakened states, and the superconscious—susupti, swapna,
jagrat, and turiya. The sleeping and dreaming states are included in the subconscious.
So, according to Western terminology, this amounts to three states—subconscious,
conscious, and superconscious. The study of the superconscious is either ignored or
considered pathological by most Western psychologists.

8. Telepathy and Clairvoyance seem to be expressions of
extrasensory powers, they are not to be confused with
the superconscious state or Samadhi
The exercise of these extraordinary powers is considered
as an obstacle to the attainment of superconscious
realization. This is emphasized in the Yoga Aphorisms of
Patanjali and the Teachings of Sri Ramakrishna. However,
Patanjali (the father of Hindu psychology) and others
recognize these perceptions and even give the methods
by which one can develop them although they discourage
the use of them if one would attain to true spirituality.

9. There was a school of thinkers in India called Charbakas who, like the
behaviorists and other psychologists of similar type in the west,
,declared that thought processes, cognition, and emotion are merely the
products of nerve reaction, that the so-called “mind” is only a bundle of
successive sensations dependent upon the nervous system and physical
brain matter.
. Applied psychology was taught in the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita, and
the Sankhya system. The Buddhists also gave many definite and practical
ideas of applied psychology for the unification and strengthening of the
mind, as well as definite instructions for the total enlightenment of the
mind. In fact, Patanjali gives a systematic treatise on yoga, though many of
his concepts are based on Sankhya thought.

10. The science of psychology was developed mainly by the Hindus as they
studied the methods by which they reached the highest religious
experience—the superconscious state or samadhi. It is the only method of
understanding and controlling the mind in order that a higher consciousness
may be reached. According to the Yoga Aphorisms of Patanjali, the mind
becomes thoroughly illumined and can transcend even the limitation of the
nervous system when it is controlled and unified in the course of
concentration and deep meditation. The mind can immediately and directly
reach another plane, the superconscious state, in which it experiences
reality. This is explained by Swami Vivekananda in Raja Yoga:
.According to hindu psychologists ,there is an urge for eternal happiness and
eternal existence in the human mind. The search after abiding happiness,
bliss, is the real motive power behind man’s activities both conscious and
unconscious

11. CONCLUSION
The word HINDUISM was first used by Persians,Arabs and Afghans to
describe people living in the region near to river Indus in 14 th
century
The sacred tests of hinduism are Mahabharat , Ramayana, upnashids
Patanjali was the father of Indian psychology
The HINDUISM is basically focussed on
Samadhi –superconscious state of mind
Will , telepathy .
HINDUISM gave rise to many religions ,examples- Buddhism ,Jainism
,Sikkihism,etc

12. REFERENCES
Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism
Hinduism Origins, Hinduism History, Hinduism Beliefs
www.patheos.com/Library/Hinduism
HINDU PSYCHOLOGY: Its Meaning for the West
www.estudantedavedanta.net/Swami_Akhilananda_Hindu_Psychology