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evRv‡i nvBweªW I Ab¨vb¨ bvbv †Kv¤úvbxi exR evRv‡i cvIqv hvq Ges Zv wK‡b
†ivcb Kivi ci †mB djb ‡_‡K Avevi †Kvb km¨ exR ivLv hvqbv| Gfv‡e gy³evRvi
A_©bxwZi cÖfv‡e GKw`‡K Avwèvmx bvixi eybb Ávb †hgb PPv©i Afv‡e nvwi‡q
hv‡”Q Avevi Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jvi Dci Zviv wbf©ikxj n‡q co‡Q|
Avwèvmx‡ì wbZ¨ eënvh© wRwbm-cÎ¸wj evuk, †eZ, gvwU, Kv‡Vi ˆZix I cwi‡ek
evÜe wKš— µgk eb DRvi K‡i MvQ, euvk KvUvi d‡j Avwèvmxiv Avi Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì
eënv‡ii Rb¨ Sywo ˆZix Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| KviY †eZ, evuk, Mv‡Qi `vg A‡bK †e‡o
†M‡Q| Gfv‡e Avwèvmx bvixi cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Szwoi ¯’v‡b wewfbœ †Kv¤úvwbi
ˆZix cvw÷K e¨vM ev cvw÷‡Ki ˆZix mvgMÖx ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Avwèvmxiv mvaviYZ †hme Pvj ev km¨ w`‡q wcVv ˆZix K‡i Av‡M Drme Ki‡Zv GLb
Avi †m avb ev km¨¸‡jv Zviv Drcv`b K‡i bv| evRvig~Lx Drcv`b eë¯’vi Kvi‡Y
Avwèvmxiv GLb †Kej K¨vk µc (Av`v, njy`, KPz, AvL) Drcv`‡bi w`‡K †ekx
g‡bv‡hvMx| ZvB wewfbœ ai‡bi wcVv ev Avwèvmx Lvevi Ges G Lvevi¸wj‡K †K›`ª
K‡i Drm‡ei cÖPjbI cÖvq nvwi‡q hv‡”Q |
Avwèvmx bvixiv Zv‡ì emZwfUvi AvwObvq wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ Jlwa MvQ
†ivcb K‡i ivL‡Zv| AvaywbK wPwKrmv c×wZ cÖPjb nevi d‡j bZzb bZzb
‡Kv¤úvwbRvZ Ilya evRv‡i P‡j Avmv‡Z Avwèvmx bvixi wPwKrmv Ávb (KvUv †M‡j
i³ eÜ Kivi †h Ilya) nvwi‡q hv‡”Q |
o cvPvi:
RxweKvi ZvwM‡` Avwèvmx bvixiv wbR MÖvg †_‡K evB‡i †h‡Z Pvq, n‡Z Pvq
AvZ¥wbf©ikxj, wb‡Z Pvq cwiev‡ii fib †cvl‡bi fvi wKš— evB‡i †e‡iv‡jB †m c‡o hvq
bvbv msNe× P‡µi nv‡Z| wewfbœ `vjv‡ji nvZ a‡i mnR mij Mixe Avwèvmx bvixiv
eZ©gv‡b cvPvi n‡q hv‡”Q, wewµ n‡q hv‡”Q, wewfbœ cÖZvibvi dvu‡` †d‡j bvix
cvPviKvix Pµ Zv‡ì‡K eva¨ Ki‡Q †`n eëmvq bvg‡Z| Gfv‡e ev›ìvev‡b M‡o D‡V‡Q
msNe× eëmv †hLv‡b Avwèvmx A‡bK wK‡kvixiv cÖZvwiZ n‡q MÖvg †_‡K kn‡i
ev †`‡ki wewfbœ kn‡i cvPvi n‡q hv‡”Q|
o ag©vš—KiY:
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmxiv A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv cÖvwßi Avkvq Ges
wb‡R‡ì Aw¯—Z¡ i¶v‡_© agv©š—wiZ n‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q| A‡bK mgq wewfbœ ‡jvf
†`wL‡q ev Pv‡c c‡oI GLb A‡bK Avwèvmx‡ì wb‡R‡ì wPivPwiZ ms¯‹…wZ‡K
†Q‡o agx©q ms¯‹„wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q| agv©š—Ki‡Yi Kvi‡Y hviv Bmjvg ag©
MÖnY K‡i †mB me RvwZi bvix‡ì Av‡Mi Avwèvmx mgv‡Ri ¯^vaxb Pjv‡djv ag©xq
ms¯‹…wZi cÖfv‡e Avi †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡I bv| mvejxj Pjv‡divq Af¨¯— Avwèvmx bvix‡K
GLb c`v© †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| evsjv‡`k gymwjg AvBb Abymv‡i †Kvb gymwjg bvix-cyi“l‡K
Abä‡g©i †Kvb bvix ev cyi“l weevn Ki‡j Zv‡K agv©š—wiZ n‡Z nq| cve©Z¨
PÆMÖv‡gi eû Avwèvmx bvix‡KI GB AvB‡bi AvIZvq c‡i agv©š—wiZ n‡Z n‡”Q
Ges Zvi ms¯‹…wZ‡K ‡m PPv© Ki‡Z cv‡i bv |
wcZ…Zvwš¿K `„wófw½ I Avwèvmx bvixi cvwievwiK Ae¯’vb :

Avwèvmx mgv‡R cyÎ mš—v‡bi cÖvavb¨ Ges wewfbœ cvwievwiK myweav cÖvwß
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mvgvwRKfv‡e Avwèvmx bvix‡ì GB Aat¯—bZv Zv‡ì‡K cÖvwš—K Ae¯’v‡b wb‡q
†M‡Q| N‡i evB‡i meLv‡b Avwèvmx A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û AwaK f~wgKv cvjbKvix|
GKw`‡K cvwievwiK Lv`¨ †hvMv‡bi cÖavb †hvMvb`vZv /f~wgKv i¶vKvix Avevi Aciw`‡K
mvgvwRKfv‡e cyi“l‡ì †P‡q nxb Ges m¤ú‡ì Dci Zv‡ì wbqš¿nxbZv. m¤úwËi
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evwb‡R¨ wm×vš— MÖnb mvavibZ Avwèvmx mgv‡Ri cyi“livB K‡i _v‡K|
wm×vš— MÖnb I Avwèvmx bvix:
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mš—v‡bi cvoïbv, PvKzix, wePvi kvwj‡m wm×vš— MÖnb, Ryg fywg wbe©vPb, evMvb
Kiv, mfv ev wgwUsG cÖwZwbwaZ¡ I AskMÖnb Gme wKQz †_‡K Avwèvmx bvixiv
wcwQ‡q Av‡Q|
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bvixiv ¯^vgx ev †cÖwgK Øviv cÖZvibvi wkKvi n‡”Q| weevwnZ bvixiv cvwievwiKfv‡e
¯^vgx ev kïievoxi †jvKRb †_‡K wewfbœ gvbwmK I kviixK wbhv©Z‡bi wkKvi n‡q _v‡K
cÖwZwbqZ| A‡bK PvKzixRxwe wkw¶Z Avwèvmx cyi“l ¯¿x _vKv m‡Ë¡I Av‡iv GKwU
bvixi mv‡_ m¤úK© KiQ ev we‡q Ki‡Q hvi Kvi‡b Avwèvmx bvixiv Rxeb cvwievwiK,
mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZKfv‡e AwbðqZvi g‡a¨ co‡Q| mvgvwRK wePv‡ii djvdj Gme
bvix‡ì Rb¨ ghv©`vKi Rxeb e‡q Av‡bbv| weev‡ni cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡q we‡q bv Kiv ev
Ab¨ bvix‡K we‡q Kivi gZ NUb NU‡Q hv bvixi AmnvqZ¡ Av‡iv evwo‡q Zzj‡Q Ges
‡cxi“l‡ev‡ai AvwacZ¨ Avwèvmx mgv‡R evo‡Q Ges Avwèvmx bvixi Rxeb `ywe©mn
n‡q IV‡Q| mvivUv Rxeb Zv‡K Acgvb I jvÂbvi †evSv wb‡q w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡Z nq|
cÖZvwiZ nIqv bvixi Rxeb I ghv©`v mgv‡R m¤§vb nvwbKi wnmv‡e †`Lv nq wKš—
Avevi cÖZviK cyi“‡li cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Zv †Kvb cÖfve †d‡j bv|
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g ivR‰bwZK Aš—©Ø›Ø I Avwèvmx bvixi wbivcËvnxbZv:
cve©Z¨ P&UMÖv‡gi ¯’vbxq ivRbxwZ‡Z Aš—©Ø›Ø I msNv‡Zi Kvi‡b Avwèvmx bvixi
Rxe‡bi wbivcËv AwbwðZ n‡q co‡Q| cveZ© Pzw³i ciI bvbv ivR‰bwZK gZwfbœZvi
Kvi‡b ¯’vbxq ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wefw³ mwnsmZvq cwiYZ nq| cwiev‡ii cyi“lwUi
g„Zÿ ev wbivcËvRwbZ mgm¨v _vK‡j mš—vb‡ì †`Lvïbv, †jLvcov, fib‡cvl‡Y m¤ú~b©
fvi c‡i GK bvixwUi Dci|
Avwèvmx bvixiv wewfbœ mgq ivóª ev ivóªxq evwnbx ØvivI wbh©vZb ev wbwcob I
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wbg©vb, †mbv K¨v¤ú ¯’vcb, †mbv cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª ¯’vcb, wewfbœ mivKvix AvevwmK
GjvKv ¯’vc‡bi bv‡g Avwèvmx‡ì‡K Zv‡ì wcZ…f~wg †_‡K D‡”Q` K‡i‡Q| gaycy‡ii

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gvbwmKfv‡e wbwco‡bi wkKvi n‡Z nq| 2009 mv‡j ivOvgvwUi bvwbqv Pi Dc‡Rjvq
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nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmv wb‡Z nq| 20 †deªqvix 2010 mv‡j evNvBnv‡U f~wg‡K †K›`ª K‡i
m„ó msN‡l© evNvBnvU ‡mbvevwnbxi m`mïv D‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡bvw`Zfv‡e mv¤cÖ`vwqK
D¯‹vwb †`q Ges e¨vcK ¸wjel©b K‡i †hLv‡b ey×cyw` PvKgv bv‡gi 45 eQ‡ii GKRb
bvixmn Av‡iv K‡qKRb wbnZ nq|
ev›ìev‡b 7wU ‡gvª MÖvg D‡”Q` K‡i AvwU©jvwi cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª ¯’vcb Ges †mbv
K¨v¤ú ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ f~wg AwaMÖnb I D‡”Q‡ì cÖwZev‡ì Rb¨ Avwèvmx †bZv ivsjvB
†gªv‡K wg_¨v gvgjv w`‡q †mevevwnbx †MÖßvi K‡i I wbh©vZb K‡i Ges †R‡j †`q|
hy&×Kvjxb mg‡q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi eû MbnZ¨v ivóªevwnbx ØvivB msNwUZ n‡qwQj|
f~wg †e`Lj Ges D‡”Q` I Avwèvmx bvix :
ewnivMZ‡ì KZ…K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g f~wg `Lj cÖwµqv me©Rb wewaZ| ¯^vaxbZv
c~e©eZx© mg‡q miKvix D‡`¨‡M 1950 `k‡K GLv‡b ewnivMZ‡ì f~wg cÖ`vb ïi“ nq Ges
¯^vaxbZvi cieZx© mg‡q GB cÖwµqv kZ¸‡b e„w× cvq| 1980 `k‡K wZb cve©Z¨ †Rjvq
miKvix D‡`¨‡M 4000,000 ewnivMZ‡K c~b©evmb K‡i| Z mgeKR mbv K¨v¤ú ¯’vcb,
†mbv cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª ¯’vcb
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wbhv©Z‡bi wkKvi n‡”Q| †`Lv †M‡Q †hLv‡b K¨v¯ú Av‡Q †mLv‡b ev½vjx †m‡Ujvi‡ì
wbivc` RbemwZ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi iv¯—vi cv‡k me RvqMvq Awfevmx
ev½vjxiv emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| d‡j Avwèvmx bvixiv ¯‹z‡j hvevi †¶‡Î wbivcËnxbZvq
fyM‡Q Ges Ry‡g Dci wbf©ikxj cwiev†ii m`mïv Ry‡g wbivc‡` ‡h‡Z cv‡i bv| LvMovQwo
cvbQwoi Ggb GKUv GjvKv Av‡Q †hLv‡b GKB GjvKvq Ry‡g hvevi mgq bvixiv al‡Y©i
wkKvi n‡q‡Q| ‡hLv‡b cv‡k i‡q‡Q K¨v¯ú| K¨v¤ú ivLv n‡q‡Q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi
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†m‡Ujvi Av‡Q Ges bvixiv al©‡bi wkKvi n‡”Q|
Avwèvmx bvixi Ávb I evRvi A_©bxwZ:
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx bvixiv wbR¯^ ci‡bi Kvco Ges cwiev‡ii kxZ K¤^j
wb‡RivB ˆZix K‡i _v‡K| eûKvj †_‡K Avwèvmx bvix‡ì wbR¯^ D™¢vweZ †Kvgi ZvuZ
Ges bKkvLwPZ wewfbœ ai‡bi †cvlvK evbv‡Z m¶g| wKš— eZ©gvb mg‡q G‡m myZv
Drcv`b Avi Avwèvmx‡ì nv‡Z †Zgb †bB ZvB evRvi †_‡K myZv wK‡b i&O K‡i Kvco
evbv‡Z A‡bK LiP c‡o| Avevi AvaywbKZv I i“wPi cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡b GLb Avwèvmx
†cvlvK †ikwg ev iwOb myZvi eënvi †ekx n‡”Q hv LyeB `vgx hv mvavi‡bi nv‡Zi
bvMv‡ji evB‡i| Avev‡i evB‡ii eëmvqxiv j¤^v Zu‡Z Avwèvmx bvix‡ì eëüZ bKkv I
wWRvBb‡K eënvi K‡i Kg `v‡g evRv‡i Avwèvmx bvix‡ì †cvlvK wewµ Ki‡Q| evRv‡i
mnR `‡i †cvlvK cvIqv hvIqvi Kvi‡b Avwèvmx bvixiv evmvq eëüZ Kvco GLb Avi wb‡Ri

†Zgb eyb‡Q bv| Gfv‡e Avwèvmx bvix‡ì wPivqZ Ávb nvwi‡q hv‡”Q Ges Zv
e¨vemvqx‡ì `L‡j P‡j hv‡”Q|
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evRv‡i nvBweªW I Ab¨vb¨ bvbv †Kv¤úvbxi exR evRv‡i cvIqv hvq Ges Zv wK‡b †ivcb
Kivi ci †mB djb ‡_‡K Avevi †Kvb km¨ exR ivLv hvqbv| Gfv‡e gy³evRvi A_©bxwZi
cÖfv‡e GKw`‡K Avwèvmx bvixi Ávb †hgb PPv© Afv‡e nvwi‡q hv‡”Q Avev‡i Drcv`‡bi
Rb¨ eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvbx ¸‡jvi Dci Zviv wbf©ikxj n‡q co‡Q| Avwèvmx‡ìwbZ¨ eënvh©
wRwbm cÎ¸wj evuk,†eZ, gvwU I Kv‡Vi ˆZix cwi‡ek evÜe wKš— µgk eb DRvi K‡i MvQ,
evk KvUvi d‡j Avwèvmxiv Avi Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì eënv‡ii Rb¨ Sywo ˆZix Ki‡Z cvi‡Qbv
Kvib †eZ,evk, Mv‡Qi `vg A‡bK †e‡o †M‡Q| Gfv‡e Avwèvmx bvixi cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b
Szwoi ¯’v‡b wewfbœ †Kv¤úvwbi ˆZix cvw÷K e¨vM ev cvw÷‡Ki ˆZix mvgMÖx|
Avwèvmxiv mvavibZ †hme Pvj ev km¨ w`‡q wcVv ˆZix K‡i Av‡M Drme Ki‡Zv GLb Avi
†m avb ev km¨ ¸‡jv Zviv Drcv`b K‡ibv| evRvig~Lx Drcv`b eë¯’vi Kvi‡b Avwèvmxiv
GLb †Kej K¨vk µc (Av`v, njy`, KPz, AvL) Drcv`‡biw`‡K †ekx g‡bv‡hvMx| ZvB wewfbœ
ai‡bi wcVv ev Avwèvmx Lvevi Ges G Lvevi¸wj‡K †K›`ª Drme Gi cÖPjZ cÖvq nvwi‡q
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Avwèvmx bvix Zvi †jvKvqZ Ávb nviv‡Z e‡m‡Q|
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†ivcb K‡i ivL‡Zv| AvaywbK wPwKrmv c×wZ cÖPjb nevi d‡j bZzb bZzb ‡Kv¤úvwbRvZ
Jlya evRv‡i P‡j Avmv‡Z Avwèvmx bvixi wPwKrmv Ávb( KvUv †M‡j i³ eÜ Kivi †h Jlya)
nvwi‡q hv‡”Q|
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cwiev‡ii fib †cvl‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b GB g` ˆZix K‡i wewµ Ki‡Q Avwèvmx bvixiv| GB g`
we‡µZv Avwèvmx bvix‡K †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z nq wewfbœ cwiw¯’wZ †hgb, cywj‡ki
nqivwb, gv¯—vb‡ì PvuèvwR, ivR‰bwZK Pvc I eLv‡U‡ì DrcvZ| mgZ‡ji Avwèvmx‡ì
†¶‡Î †`Lv hvq †h, A Avvwèvmx wKQz eëmvqx GLb g` ev Zvwi wewµ Ki‡Q
Avwèvmx‡ì Kv‡Q| Avwèvmxiv A_©‰bwZK ˆ`b¨Zvi Kvi‡b evox‡Z Avi g` ˆZix Ki‡Z
cvi‡Qbv d‡j Zv‡ì Avw` Ávb Zviv nviv‡Z e‡m‡Q|
gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ I wek¦vqb Ges cve©Z¨ Avwèvmx bvix
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡giAvwèvmx bvixi Rxe‡b Z_vKw_Z gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ e¨vcK cÖfve
‡d‡j‡Q | weªwUk Dcwb‡ek Gi ci Ry‡gi Dci wbq¯¿b, cvwK¯—vb kvmbvg‡j Dbœq‡bi
bv‡g Avwèvmx‡ì Rxeb RxweKvi f~wg I eb‡K wiRvf© d‡i÷ wnmv‡e wbqš¿b, 1964
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ZvwM‡` cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx bvix Zvi wPivqZ †ckv †Q‡o GLb wewfbœ

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250 UvKv †c‡q _v‡K|
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Avwèvmx bvixi GB Ae¯’vi DËi‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv KwZcq civg‡k©i wel‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Z cvwi|
1. 1.gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvq mgv‡R kvwšÍ I w¯’wZkxjZvi cÖ‡qvRb| cve©Z¨
PÆMÖv‡g kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~b© kZ© nj cve©Z¨ Pzw³i AvšÍwiK I
c~Y© ev¯Íevqb|
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3. wcZ… m¤úwË‡Z c~Î I Kb¨v mšÍv‡bi mgvb AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv |
4. bvixi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri `„wó©fw½ cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv|
5. Avwèvmx bvixi cÖwZ mKj iK‡gi mwnsmZv †iv‡a cÖkvmb KZ…©K mwµq
D‡`¨vM MÖnb|
6. Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Û Avwèvmx bvixi AskMÖnb e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ Zv‡ì ÿgZvq‡biRb¨ c`‡ÿc
MÖnb|
7. Avwèvmx wn‡m‡e mvsweavwbK ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb|
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