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High Availability with Galera Cluster - SkySQL Road Show 2013 in Berlin
The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Galera Cluster, including its meanings in various cultural contexts, functionalities, and benefits for MariaDB and MySQL replication. It explains the advantages of Galera's synchronous multi-master replication, optimistic concurrency control, and performance features, highlighting its operational ease and reliability in handling node failures. Additionally, the document discusses migration strategies to Galera clustering from traditional MySQL setups.
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High Availability with Galera Cluster - SkySQL Road Show 2013 in Berlin
- 1. G a le r a C l u s t e r Seppo Jaakola Codership
- 2. 2 www.codership.com Agenda ● The Meaningof Galera ● Galera Cluster Short Introduction ● Migrating to Galera Cluster ● Galera Project ● MariaDB Galera Cluster 5.5.29 GA
- 3. 3 www.codership.com What is theMeaning of Galera ? Turns out it has different semantics in: ● Italy ● Uruguay ● Brazil ● Spain, Portugal, Russia...
- 4. 4 www.codership.com Galera in Italy Checosa significa la parola galera?
- 5. 5 www.codership.com Galera in Italy Checosa significa la parola galera? Jail / Prison
- 6. 6 www.codership.com Galera in Italy Checosa significa la parola galera? Poliziotto Jail / Prison
- 7.
- 8. 8 www.codership.com Galera in Uruguay Quesignifica galera en Uruguai?
- 9. 9 www.codership.com Galera in Uruguay Quesignificaca galera en Uruguai? Traditional tall hat
- 10. 10 www.codership.com Galera in Brazil Comosobre em Brazil?
- 11. 11 www.codership.com Galera in Brazil AGroup of Happy People
- 12. 12 www.codership.com Galera in Spain,Portugal, Russia... Here's the correct meaning for Galera...
- 13. 13 www.codership.com Galera in Spain,Portugal, Russia... Galley
- 14.
- 15.
- 16. 16 www.codership.com MariaDB MariaDB Multi-Master Replication GaleraReplication There can be several nodes
- 17. 17 www.codership.com MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB Multi-MasterReplication Galera Replication There can be several nodes
- 18. 18 www.codership.com MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB Multi-MasterReplication Galera Replication Client can connect to any node There can be several nodes
- 19. 19 www.codership.com MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB Multi-MasterReplication Galera Replication Client can connect to any node There can be several nodes read & write read & write read & write Read & write access to any node
- 20. 20 www.codership.com MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB Multi-MasterReplication Galera Replication Replication is synchronous read & write read & write read & write Client can connect to any node There can be several nodes Read & write access to any node
- 21. 21 www.codership.com MariaDB Multi-Master Replication a Multi-master clusterlooks like one big database with multiple entry points read & write read & write read & write
- 22. 22 www.codership.com MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB SynchronousReplication a Galera Replication Read & write Transaction is processed locally up to commit time
- 23. 23 www.codership.com MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB SynchronousReplication Galera Replication commit Transaction's write set is replicated to whole cluster Slave queueSlave queue
- 24. 24 www.codership.com Galera Replication MariaDB MariaDBMariaDB Synchronous Replication OK Client gets OK status Slave queueSlave queue
- 25. 25 www.codership.com Galera Replication MariaDB MariaDBMariaDB Synchronous Replication Transaction is applied in slaves Slave queueSlave queue
- 26. 26 www.codership.com MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB Hownode failures are handled a Galera Replication Load Balancing
- 27. 27 www.codership.com MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB Quorum a GaleraReplication Load Balancing ● Galera uses quorum based failure handling: – When cluster partitioning is detected, the majority partition "has quorum" and can continue – A minority partition cannot commit transactions, but will attempt to re-connect to primary partition – Note: 50% is not majority! => Minimum 3 nodes recommended. ● Load balancer will notice errors & remove node from pool
- 28.
- 29. 29 www.codership.com Galera Replication A Optimistic ConcurrencyControl commit Trx A B commit Trx B
- 30. 30 www.codership.com Galera Replication A Optimistic ConcurrencyControl commit Trx A B commit Trx B DEADLOCK eror ROLLBACK
- 31. 31 www.codership.com Optimistic Concurrency Control ●Transactions process independently in each cluster node ● Transaction write sets will be replicated at commit time (before commit) ● Cluster wide conflicts will be resolved and conflict victim must rollback Optimistic Concurrency Control
- 32. 32 www.codership.com Multi-Master or Not ●If your application can handle deadlock errors, multi-master is good to use ● However, if database has hot-spots, i.e. multi-master conflicts happen frequently, write performance will suffer ● But read scalability is always guaranteed ● Use Master-Slave, if deadlock errors are a problem or conflict rate hurts your performance
- 33.
- 34. 34 www.codership.com MariaDB Parallel Replication Slave queue Slavethd Slave thd Any number of slave applier threads can be started Slave control
- 35. 35 www.codership.com MariaDB Parallel Replication Slave queue Slavethd Slave thd Any number of slave applier threads can be started Slave control assigns write sets for slave appliers Slave control
- 36. 36 www.codership.com MariaDB Parallel Replication Slave queue Slavethd Slave thd Any number of slave applier threads can be started Slave control assigns write sets for slave appliers Slave control is on ROW levelSlave control
- 37. 38 www.codership.com MariaDB Parallel Replication Slave queue Slavethd Slave thd Slave control Any number of slave applier threads can be started Slave control assigns write sets for slave appliers Slave control is on ROW level Only applying is parallel commit order is dictated
- 38. 39 www.codership.com Parallel Applying ● Akaparallel replication ● Every application will benefit of it, because it works: ● not on database ● not on table ● but on row level ● wsrep_slave_threads=n ● How many slaves makes sense: ● Monitor wsrep_cert_deps_distance ● Max ~4 * #CPUcores
- 39.
- 40. 41 www.codership.com Galera Cluster ➢ GoodPerformance ➢ Optimistic concurrency control ➢ Virtually synchronous replication ➢ Parallel Replication ➢ Optimized Group Communication ➢ 99.99% transparent ➢ InnoDB look & feel ➢ Automatic node joining ➢ Works in LAN / WAN / Cloud
- 41. 42 www.codership.com Galera Cluster ➢ Synchronousmulti-master cluster ➢ no data loss ➢ no slave lag ➢ no slave failover ➢ For MySQL/MariaDB InnoDB ➢ 3 or more nodes needed for HA ➢ No single point of failure
- 42.
- 43. 53 www.codership.com Synchronous Replication That's morelike it !! Row based
- 44. 54 www.codership.com Synchronous Replication That's morelike it !! Multi-Master Row based
- 45. 55 www.codership.com Synchronous Replication That's morelike it !! Multi-Master All have Oxford master degree Row based
- 46. 56 www.codership.com Synchronous Replication That's morelike it !! Multi-Master All have Oxford master degree Synchronous Row based
- 47. 57 www.codership.com Synchronous Replication That's morelike it !! Top notch performance Multi-Master All have Oxford master degree Synchronous Row based
- 48. 58 www.codership.com Synchronous Replication That's morelike it !! Top notch performance Multi-Master All have Oxford master degree Arbitrator Synchronous Row based
- 49.
- 50. 60 www.codership.com MySQL MySQL Automatic NodeJoining Galera Replication joiner Cluster handshake
- 51. 61 www.codership.com MySQL Donor Automatic NodeJoining Galera Replication joiner Send state
- 52. 62 www.codership.com MySQL MySQL Automatic NodeJoining Galera Replication joiner Catch up Slave queue
- 53. 63 www.codership.com MySQL MySQL Automatic NodeJoining Galera Replication MySQL
- 54. Migrating to GaleraCluster
- 55. 65 www.codership.com Migrating to GaleraClustering a MySQL slave MySQL master MySQL master slave hierarchy
- 56. 66 www.codership.com MySQL slave MySQL master Galera Node 1 Migrating toGalera Clustering a Install first Galera node to operate as MySQL slave
- 57. 67 www.codership.com MySQL slave MySQL master Galera Node 1 Migrating toGalera Clustering a promote Galera node to operate as one node cluster
- 58. 68 www.codership.com MySQL slave MySQL master Galera Node 1 Migrating toGalera Clustering a Join more nodes in Galera slave cluster Galera Node 2 Galera Node 3
- 59. 69 www.codership.com MySQL slave MySQL master Galera Node 1 Migrating toGalera Clustering a Move traffic to Galera cluster Galera Node 2 Galera Node 3
- 60. 70 www.codership.com Galera Node 1 Migrating toGalera Clustering a Drop obsolete MySQL servers Galera Node 2 Galera Node 3
- 61.
- 62. 72 www.codership.com Galera Project ● GaleraCluster for MySQL ● 5 years development ● based on MySQL server community edition ● Fully open source ● Active community ● ~3 releases per year ● Latest release 2.3 ● Major release 3.0 in the works ● MariaDB Galera Cluster 5.5.29 GA !!
- 63. 73 Who is usingGalera?
- 64. 74 www.codership.com Galera Project MySQL MariaDB merge merge MySQL CommunityEdition MariaDBGalera Cluster for MySQL MariaDB Features API MySQL Galera Replication plugin
- 65. 75 www.codership.com Galera Project API Galera Replicationplugin API MariaDB MySQL Community Edition MariaDB Galera Cluster MySQL Galera Cluster for MySQL merge Galera Replication plugin MySQL
- 66. 76 www.codership.com Galera Support Codership Level 3support, Galera MontyProgram Level 3 Support, MariaDB Galera Cluster MariaDB Galera Cluster SkySQL Support Subscriptions
- 67. Questions? Thank you forlistening! Happy Clustering :-)