This study examined the association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death in 1376 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York City. The primary outcome was a composite of intubation or death. 811 patients (58.9%) received hydroxychloroquine. There was no significant association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death in the primary analysis or sensitivity analyses. Randomized controlled trials are still needed to determine if hydroxychloroquine is effective for treating COVID-19.