Hibernate, Hoof It, or Hang Tough: Winter Wildlife Survival

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Hibernate, Hoof It, or Hang
Tough: Winter Wildlife Survival
Will Richardson
Co-founder & Executive
Director, Tahoe Institute
for Natural Science

Winter Wildlife Survival
Strategies
T. Will Richardson, Ph.D.
Tahoe Institute for Natural
Science
www.tinsweb.org

Upcoming Events
• 20 and 24 February – Chickadee Ridge
• 22 February – Astronomy Snowshoe
• 23 – Page Meadows

Winter Conditions
• Shorter days/longer nights
• Colder temperatures
– Energy
– Freezing
• Snow
– Buried resources
– Difficulties of locomotion
– Shelter/insulation
• Increased storms/wind
• Scarcity of food

Migration
• Energetic demands
• Dangerous
• Competition
• Timing considerations

Hibernation
• Torpor
• Dormancy
• Aestivation
• Brumation
• Etc.

Frozen Frogs
90-110 µg/100 ml = normal blood glucose
200-300 µg/100 ml = diabetes mellitus
4500 µg/100 ml !!

Insects
• Great diversity
– All three strategies
– Adaptations
• Abundance

Insects
• Freeze avoidance
– Shelter (the drier the better)
– Dehydration
– Supercooling
» remove or inactivate ice-nucleating agents
– Freezing point depression via antifreeze
» glycerol and ice-binding proteins
• Freeze tolerance
– Control where and to what extent ice forms
– ice-nucleating proteins

Fat = Insulation + Energy Stores

Allen’s Rule
Volume:Surface Area

www.tinsweb.org
• 20 and 24 February – Chickadee Ridge
• 22 February – Astronomy Snowshoe
• 23 – Page Meadows

Hibernate, Hoof It, or Hang Tough: Winter Wildlife Survival

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Hibernate, Hoof It, or Hang Tough: Winter Wildlife Survival