ppt on Herbal supplements

1. A PERSPECTIVE OF
HERBAL MEDICINE
AND HERBAL
SUPPLIMENTS

2. INTRODUCTION:
"The term "herb" also has more than
one definition. Botanists describe an herb as
a small, seed bearing plant with fleshy, rather
than woody, parts for seasonal use. Herbs are
valued for their flavor, fragrance, medicinal
and healthful qualities, economic and
industrial uses, pesticidal properties, and
coloring materials (dyes)."

3. India the birth place of renowned
system of indigenous medicine such as
Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani.
As the country is enriched with flora,
therefore plant remedies have been in use.
Plants have been associated with the health
of mankind from time immemorial. The
knowledge of drugs has accumulated over
thousands of years to ensure health care. By
taking the advantage of plants growing
around us , several medicines are prepared
for various diseases.

4. History:
The history of herbal medicine
is as old as human civilization. Ancient
period Chinese and Egyptian papyrus
writings described medicinal uses for
plants around 3000BC. African and
Native American cultures used herbs
in healing rituals and developed
traditional system of medicine.

5. Ayurvedha an ancient science
of life developed two treaties called
Charaka samhita and Susrutha
samhita. Charaka made fifty groups of
ten herbs which satisfy an ordinary
physician’s need and Susrutha
arranges 750 herbs in 7 distinct sets
based on their properties.

6. In early 19th century, chemical
analyst and scientist began to extract
and modify the active ingredients from
plants. Recently World Health
Organization estimated that 80% of the
world’s population rely on herbal drugs
for their primary health care.

7. • Herbal medicines:
These include herbs, herbal materials, herbal
preparations and finished herbal products.
• Herbs:
Herbs include crude plant material such as leaves,
flowers, fruit, seeds, stems, wood, bark, roots, rhizomes or
other plant parts, which may be entire, fragmented or
powdered.
• Herbal materials:
Herbal materials are either whole plants or parts of
medicinal plants in the crude state. They include herbs, fresh
juices, gums, fixed oils, essential oils, resins and dry
powders of herbs.

8. • Herbal preparations:
Herbal preparations are the basis for finished herbal products
and may include comminuted or powdered herbal materials, or
extracts, tinctures and fatty oils, expressed juices and processed
exudates of herbal materials. They are produced with the aid of
extraction, distillation, expression, fractionation, purification,
concentration, fermentation or other physical or biological processes.
• Finished herbal products:
Medicinal products containing as active substances
exclusively herbal drugs or herbal drug preparations. They may consist
of herbal preparations made from one or more herbs. finished products
or mixed products to which chemically defined active substances have
been added, including synthetic compounds and/ or isolated
constituents from herbal materials, are not considered to be herbal.

9. Herbal medicine:
Herbal medicine takes an
holistic approach in patients
psychological and emotional well
being.Herbal medicine aim to identify
the underlying cause of patients
illness. Herbs are used to stimulate the
body’s healing capacity to strengthen
body system.Herbs correct the
disturbed body function rather than to
treat and prevent symptoms.

10. Role of WHO in herbal medicine
The World Health Assembly continued
the debate and adopted a resolution in 1989
that herbal medicine is of great importance to
the health of individuals and communities.
Consequently, in 1991 WHO
developed guidelines for the assessment of
herbal medicine, and the same were ratified
by the 6th International Conference of Drug
Regulatory Authorities held at Ottawa in the
same year.

11. The salient features of WHO guidelines are:
• Quality assessment: Crude plant material;
Plant preparation; Finished product.
• Stability: Shelf life.
• Safety assessment: Documentation of safety
based on experience or/and; Toxicology
studies.
• Assessment of efficacy: Documented
evidence of traditional use or/and; Activity
determination (animals, human).
WHO has not systematically evaluated
any traditional medicine.

12. Herbal preparations:
EXTRACTS
• An extract is a solid or semi-solid preparation made by extracting the
soluble portion of a compound by using water or alcohol and
evaporating the solution. some extracts are used for the relief of
inflammatory processes such as arthritis, bursitis or tendonitis.
INFUSION
• An infusion is made by steeping a substance in either hot or cold
water in order to obtain its active principle part. Infusions are taken
either lukewarm or cool; but if the purpose is to instigate a sweat and
to break up congestion in the body, then sipping it hot is a better
choice.

13. OILS
• An oil is a greasy liquid not miscible with water, usually obtained from
and classified as mineral, vegetable or animal. According to character,
oils are subdivided as fixed or fatty; and either volatile (easily
evaporated) or essential.
Fixed oils e.g. - castor oil, olive oil, or cold liver oil
Volatile oils e.g. - mustard, peppermint or rose, eucalyptus,
lavendar, ginger, peppermint, and spearment.
POWDERS
• A powder is a collection of fine particles of one or more substances that
may be passed through fine meshes. Powders are applied to the skin to
treat abrasions, contusions, effusions, inflammatory processes, and
wounds.

14. SYRUPS
• A syrup that we are most familiar with is a concentrated solution of sugar
in water with specific healing properties added. A syrup is classic in
treating coughs, mucus congestion, bronchial catarrh and sore throats
especially helpful for children and those with a sensitive palate.
Examples: anise seed, comfrey, fennel seed and Irish Moss syrup
TINCTURE
• Tinctures are alcoholic extracts of vegetable or animal substances.
Tinctures are solutions of a concentrated herbal extract that can be stored
for extended periods of time because alcohol is an excellent preservative.
Examples: belladonna and ginger tincture

15. OINTMENTS
• An ointment is a therapeutic, fatty, soft substance for
external application only. It typically has antiseptic, cosmetic
or healing properties. It's usual base is petroleum jelly or
lanolin to which the herbal preparation is added.
BOLUS
• A bolus is a suppository used as an internal poultice in the
vaginal or rectal areas. A bolus helps draw toxic poisons to
the bolus itself or it is the carrier for healing agents.
Demulcent herbs are comfrey or slippery elm, and antibiotic
herbs will inhibit the growth of or destroy microorganisms.
Examples: garlic, chaparral or golden seal.

16. Uses of Herbal medicine:
Herbs can be used to treat a wide range of disorders, including:
• Anxiety
• Arthritis
• Depression
• High blood pressure
• Hormonal imbalances, such as premenstrual tension
• Insomnia
• Migraines
• Nausea
• Poor blood circulation
• Skin problems, such as eczema

17. Herbal supplements:
• Herbal supplents are the diatery supplenets as defined by
the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)
• The product that is intended to supplement the diet Contains
one or more dietary ingredients (including vitamins, minerals,
herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and certain other
substances) or their constituents
• Is labeled as being a dietary supplement.
• Herbal supplements are available in capsules, liquids, and
powders as they are intende for oral use.

18. Herbal supplements are regulated by the FDA, but not
as drugs or as foods. The rules for dietary supplements are
as follows:
• Manufacturers don't have to seek FDA approval before
putting dietary supplements on the market.
• Manufacturers must follow good manufacturing practices to
ensure that supplements are processed consistently and
meet quality standards.
• Once a dietary supplement is on the market, the FDA is
responsible for monitoring its safety.
These regulations provide assurance that herbal
supplements meet certain quality standards and that the FDA
can intervene to remove dangerous products from the
market.

19. The FDA requires that the following
information be included on the labels of all
herbal supplements:
• The name of the herbal supplement
• The name and address of manufacturer or
distributor
• A complete list of ingredients — either in the
Supplement Facts panel or listed beneath it
• Serving size, amount and active ingredient

20. Herbal supplements should be used under the supervision of
physician in specific cases like:
• Patients with prescription or over-the-counter (OTC)
medications for possible interactions.
• Pregnant or breast-feeding patients as an adult may be
harmful to your fetus or your breast-feeding infant.
• Patient having surgery may decrease the effectiveness of
anesthetics or cause dangerous complications, such as
bleeding or high blood pressure.
• Patients younger than 18 or older than 65. Older adults may
metabolize medications differently and younger may fail to
established safe doses.

21. Safety tips for using herbal supplements
• Follow supplement instructions
• Don't exceed recommended dosages or take the herb for
longer than recommended
• Keep track of what you take.
• Take only one supplement at a time to determine if it's
effective.
• Make a note of what you take and how much for how long
and how it affects you.
• Check alerts and advisories
• The FDA and NCCAM maintain lists of supplements that are
under regulatory review or that have been reported to cause
adverse effects