Hemp Leaf Spot: Bipolaris spp. Causing Severe Losses
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New Species, New Fungus. Hemp Leaf Spot: Questions Outpace Answers. An update on hemp leaf spot, 2019.
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Anthracnose of cotton is caused by 2 species of Colletotrichum which are seed borne in nature. This Cotton disease has worldwide distribution. In India , it was 1st reported from Bihar in 1918 by Butler. The Average estimated yield loss ranges from 1-3% to as high as 80-90%. The major symptoms are seen on the leaves. The leaves develops water soaked circular , Sunken , reddish brown lesions . When the condition is dry the tissue in the center of the lesions drys & fall down .It can be control by spraying Bordeaux mixture on seedlings .
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- Clonally propagated crops reproduce asexually, preserving genotypes indefinitely but lacking genetic variation.
- A clone is a group of plants produced from a single plant through asexual reproduction. Clones are identical in genotype but can vary phenotypically due to environment.
- Genetic variation within clones can arise from somatic mutation, mechanical mixtures, or sexual reproduction. Selection of superior clones is used to breed new clonal crop varieties.
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Hemp Leaf Spot: Bipolaris spp. Causing Severe Losses
- 1. New Species New Fungus Hemp Leaf Spot: Questions Outpace Answers Desiree Szarka, Graduate Student Nicole W Gauthier, Assoc Professor of Extension University of Kentucky College of Agriculture
- 2. Hemp Leaf Spot • Reported in 2014 – SE KY • Samples collected in 2015 • Reports increased each year • Confirmations in 9 counties in 2018 • First symptoms early-July • Yield losses up to 100% • Detailed reports in at least 2 neighboring states • Hemp, only
- 6. Bipolaris sp. Causal Fungus Large spores (macroconidia) Small spores (microconidia) Sclerotia or proto-perithecia Fungal morphology DOES matter: • Airborne or rain driven? • Survival structures? • Sexual recombination?
- 10. Host Ranges of Bipolaris sp. • Rice • Corn • Barley • Wheat • Poa, grasses • Banana • Coconut
- 12. Alternative Hosts (KY) Four alternative hosts • False nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica) • Hophornbeam copperleaf (Acalypha ostryifolia) • Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) • Virginia copperleaf (Acalypha virginica) Dicots, not monocots! Primary source or secondary infection?
- 15. Unrelated Populations • Source for inoculum? • Relatedness of populations? • Primary host? Spread from hemp field to hemp field unlikely • Not clone-transmitted • Not seed-transmitted
- 16. Hemp Leaf Spot – Still… More Questions than Answers! KyHempDisease.com
- 17. Management using Fungicides Lab analysis • Poison plates – amended agar • Exposure analysis – comix • Inhibition plates Detached leaf analysis – pending Results following are NOT recommendations.
- 18. Management using Fungicides, Amended Media
- 19. Management using Fungicides, Comix Susp
- 20. Management using Fungicides, Inhibition
- 21. Management using Fungicides Lab analysis Detached leaf analysis – pending Field trials – multiple sites & years needed before recommendations or publications.
- 22. Hemp Leaf Spot – Still… More Questions than Answers! KyHempDisease.com
Editor's Notes
- Using morphology, we identified 4 weeds in HLS Hemp and false nettle – order Rosales