Hemophilia is a genetic blood disorder caused by mutations in the F8 or F9 genes responsible for blood clotting factors VIII and IX. These mutations result in reduced or defective clotting factors, preventing blood from clotting properly. Common symptoms include easy bruising, bleeding gums, excessive bleeding from minor cuts or injuries, and joint bleeding that can lead to chronic joint damage. Hemophilia is diagnosed through screening tests that detect clotting abnormalities and clotting factor assays that identify the specific factor deficiency. Current treatment focuses on replacement therapy through injections of the missing clotting factor to control bleeding and prevent complications.