HelioVolt has developed a novel reactive transfer processing technique called FASST to manufacture CIGS thin-film solar modules. This two-stage process involves independently depositing compound precursor layers, then rapidly reacting them through non-contact transfer synthesis to form high-efficiency CIGS. Recent results include 11.5% efficient production modules and a roadmap to reach 16% efficiency by 2014. The technique offers benefits over traditional CIGS methods like lower thermal budget, higher throughput, and improved materials utilization.
HelioVolt's 2011 presentation at SPIE Optoelectronics Conference. Thin Film CIGS Photovoltaic Modules: Monolithic Integration and Advanced Packaging for High Performance, High Reliability and Low Cost
PID (potential induced degradation) is a phenomenon where leakage currents cause power loss in solar PV modules over time. It occurs when high voltages between the solar cells and module frame allow electrons to migrate through the encapsulant material. This can reduce a module's power output by up to 20%. Researchers are working to optimize cell coatings, materials, and system grounding to prevent PID and ensure solar modules maintain high performance over their 25+ year lifetimes. Testing and certification standards may need to be updated to account for PID.
Asbestos exposure continues to be British Columbia's leading occupational disease killer, causing around 50 deaths per year. WorkSafeBC has launched an education campaign to raise awareness about the dangers of asbestos and how to safely handle it. As part of these efforts, an asbestos contractor was recently sentenced to jail time for continuing to expose workers to asbestos despite previous fines and orders to stop. WorkSafeBC is working to educate both workers and employers on identifying and safely dealing with asbestos.
This project aims to redesign first responder radios to improve ergonomics while maintaining performance. The current design is rectangular with a protruding antenna, which may contribute to back pain. New technologies enable alternative designs. The plan evaluates options to reduce size, weight and improve shape for comfort during emergencies. Engineering specifications include adjustable audio, encryption, durability, and compatibility with existing infrastructure. An economic analysis estimates the total cost to be approximately $6,500 to produce prototype radios and documentation.
Thin film and thin wafer PV: challenges for BIPV applications [PV 2009] Smithers Apex
- Flexible PV modules for BIPV
- Potential for cost reductions and aesthetic integration
- Challenges for processing thin silicon wafer
Dr. Andrew Skumanich, SolarVision Consulting
Wintech provide Dow Corning with Facade ConsultancyWintech
Dow Corning's new Solar Energy Exploration and Development Center (SEED) in Seneffe, Belgium showcases several of the company's silicon-based technologies to maximize energy efficiency. These technologies enabled a building envelope with structural glazing, weather sealing, triple glazing, high performance insulation, solar panels, and building integrated photovoltaics. Vacuum insulation panels were installed within the ventilated rainscreen facade to meet goals for overall energy efficiency. Thermal studies showed the panels reduced required insulation thickness from 240mm to 40mm while avoiding thermal bridges from standard aluminum fixings.
Crystalsol Overview - Developing Next Generation Photovoltaics - Thomas Badeg...Burton Lee
Crystalsol is commercializing a new low-cost flexible photovoltaic technology based on CZTS with certified efficiencies of 5.9%. They have developed 5x5cm mini-modules and operate locations in Austria and Estonia, employing 12 scientists and engineers. Crystalsol is seeking €5 million in funding to build a pilot production line with 50-70MWp annual capacity starting in Q3 2013.
HelioVolt's 2011 presentation at SPIE Optoelectronics Conference. Thin Film CIGS Photovoltaic Modules: Monolithic Integration and Advanced Packaging for High Performance, High Reliability and Low Cost
PID (potential induced degradation) is a phenomenon where leakage currents cause power loss in solar PV modules over time. It occurs when high voltages between the solar cells and module frame allow electrons to migrate through the encapsulant material. This can reduce a module's power output by up to 20%. Researchers are working to optimize cell coatings, materials, and system grounding to prevent PID and ensure solar modules maintain high performance over their 25+ year lifetimes. Testing and certification standards may need to be updated to account for PID.
Asbestos exposure continues to be British Columbia's leading occupational disease killer, causing around 50 deaths per year. WorkSafeBC has launched an education campaign to raise awareness about the dangers of asbestos and how to safely handle it. As part of these efforts, an asbestos contractor was recently sentenced to jail time for continuing to expose workers to asbestos despite previous fines and orders to stop. WorkSafeBC is working to educate both workers and employers on identifying and safely dealing with asbestos.
This project aims to redesign first responder radios to improve ergonomics while maintaining performance. The current design is rectangular with a protruding antenna, which may contribute to back pain. New technologies enable alternative designs. The plan evaluates options to reduce size, weight and improve shape for comfort during emergencies. Engineering specifications include adjustable audio, encryption, durability, and compatibility with existing infrastructure. An economic analysis estimates the total cost to be approximately $6,500 to produce prototype radios and documentation.
Thin film and thin wafer PV: challenges for BIPV applications [PV 2009] Smithers Apex
- Flexible PV modules for BIPV
- Potential for cost reductions and aesthetic integration
- Challenges for processing thin silicon wafer
Dr. Andrew Skumanich, SolarVision Consulting
Wintech provide Dow Corning with Facade ConsultancyWintech
Dow Corning's new Solar Energy Exploration and Development Center (SEED) in Seneffe, Belgium showcases several of the company's silicon-based technologies to maximize energy efficiency. These technologies enabled a building envelope with structural glazing, weather sealing, triple glazing, high performance insulation, solar panels, and building integrated photovoltaics. Vacuum insulation panels were installed within the ventilated rainscreen facade to meet goals for overall energy efficiency. Thermal studies showed the panels reduced required insulation thickness from 240mm to 40mm while avoiding thermal bridges from standard aluminum fixings.
Crystalsol Overview - Developing Next Generation Photovoltaics - Thomas Badeg...Burton Lee
Crystalsol is commercializing a new low-cost flexible photovoltaic technology based on CZTS with certified efficiencies of 5.9%. They have developed 5x5cm mini-modules and operate locations in Austria and Estonia, employing 12 scientists and engineers. Crystalsol is seeking €5 million in funding to build a pilot production line with 50-70MWp annual capacity starting in Q3 2013.
Current Status of Solar Photovoltaic Technology Platforms, Manufacturing Issu...Tuong Do
The document provides an overview of current status and research focus areas for various solar photovoltaic technology platforms, including crystalline silicon PV and thin film technologies. For crystalline silicon PV, the baseline technology is discussed along with near term research focus on new methods for emitter formation, passivation and device architecture to improve performance. For thin film technologies, the status and research focus for CIGS, CdTe, and a-Si/nc-Si technologies is summarized. The document also discusses the Institute of Energy Conversion at the University of Delaware and its research program goals and facilities for thin film and crystalline silicon photovoltaic research.
This document discusses HelioVolt Corporation's proprietary reactive transfer process for manufacturing copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic modules. The process combines rapid thermal processing and anodic wafer bonding to synthesize high-quality CIGS films from precursor layers in only 6 minutes. CIGS cells fabricated with this process have achieved 14% efficiency. HelioVolt has scaled this process to produce CIGS modules on a 20 MW pilot line, with 12% module efficiency demonstrated. The company aims to further scale production to multi-100MW factories to commercially produce CIGS modules using this low-cost, scalable reactive transfer method.
The document discusses the development and industrial production of high efficiency bifacial solar cells by PVGS. Key points include:
1) PVGS has developed a bifacial solar cell called "EarthON" that achieves over 19.5% efficiency on the front and over 19% on the rear, with a bifaciality ratio over 95%.
2) PVGS operates a unique 35MW factory dedicated to bifacial cell production, which began operation in July 2011 and is achieving high production yields with average efficiencies exceeding 19.2%.
3) Testing shows the bifacial module design achieves a 14.5% higher power output compared to standard monofacial modules due to
CIGS Solar Cells: How and Why is their Cost Falling?Jeffrey Funk
This document provides an overview of CIGS thin-film solar cells, including their advantages, current state of development, and future opportunities. CIGS cells have higher efficiency than other thin film technologies due to their ability to absorb different wavelengths of light. Efforts are underway to further improve efficiency through cell structure optimization and new deposition techniques that reduce costs. The document outlines several low-cost processing methods in development, such as printing and electrodeposition. It also discusses entrepreneurial opportunities throughout the CIGS value chain, including in materials/chemicals, manufacturing, installation/maintenance, and training.
1) bSolar has developed an industrial process for manufacturing bifacial solar cells using standard p-type silicon fabrication.
2) Their bifacial PERC cell achieves 18.4% front-side efficiency on average in industrial production, with a bifaciality factor of 75%, and they expect to reach 19.6% efficiency.
3) Field tests of bSolar bifacial modules show annual energy gains of 22-23% compared to monofacial modules, demonstrating the effectiveness of capturing light reflected onto the back side.
Oerlikon Solar is a leading provider of thin film solar module production lines and technologies. They presented on their business overview including key metrics and customers, the solar market outlook, their thin film silicon technologies including Micromorph and achievements, their ThinFab production line that can produce 120MW annually at a cost of €0.50/Wp or less, and their roadmap to 12% efficient thin film silicon modules. They summarized the key advantages of their THINFAB technology in having the lowest production costs and highest electricity yields along with innovative thin film silicon technology.
Sunpreme produces thin-film solar panels using Hybrid Cell Technology that combines the efficiency of amorphous silicon with lower temperature processing advantages. Their panels have efficiencies up to 22.5% in R&D and 22% in production, as well as bifacial double glass construction that provides 10-20% higher energy output. Sunpreme has established production facilities and sold panels across five continents for uses such as commercial rooftops, carports, and ground mounts.
The document summarizes a panel from the 2007 MIT Energy Conference on solar power and grid parity. The panel included presentations on manufacturing from Dick Swanson of SunPower, technology from Charlie Gay of Applied Materials, policy from Rhone Resch of the Solar Energy Industries Association, and financing from Jigar Shah of SunEdison. Charlie Gay's presentation focused on how increasing manufacturing scale through larger production lines could drive down the cost per watt of solar panels according to the industry's historical learning curve, with the goal of achieving retail price parity with electricity from the grid within a decade.
SCHOTT Solar manufactures polycrystalline solar modules that offer industry-leading 25-year linear power output warranties and are tested to stringent reliability standards; the modules are produced in Germany and also at SCHOTT Solar's US facility in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where they qualify as domestic products under various US acts.
SCHOTT Solar manufactures polycrystalline solar modules that offer industry-leading 25-year linear power output warranties and are tested to stringent reliability standards; the modules are produced in Germany and also at SCHOTT Solar's US facility in Albuquerque, New Mexico, allowing them to qualify for domestic content preferences under various US acts.
The document describes a new lightweight SCBA system called Project Heroes that replaces traditional SCBA cylinders. It provides a history of the technology and intellectual property, describes the product including advantages over traditional SCBA packs, discusses testing performed, and outlines the path to product maturity including optimization, certification, manufacturing, and risks.
Faculty of engineering and life sciences (FELS) of Unisel arranged an industiral visit to MIMOS (Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic Systems) on 10th April 2018 with 40 students from Electrical division. The purpose of visit was to enhance the industry exposure of the pariticpants, get the practical insights into manufacturing and to get aware of the real life situations of semiconduictor manufacturing.
Bifacial PV modules can generate energy from the front and rear side of a PV module. Unlike mono-facial modules, the rear
side of bifacial modules is lined with cells to capture reflected and diffused irradiation. The nameplate power of the
rear side of the modules is however less than the front side.
https://www.sgurrenergy.com/
Optocouplers eliminate the effects of electrical noise caused by crosstalk, power glitches and electrical interference. They provide high voltage isolation allowing safe interface between high and low voltages in electrical circuits and are also used for shifting logic levels. Key Broadcom products include optocouplers with digital and analog output, high speed and high gain performance, drivers for isolated gate transistors, MOSFETS and intelligent power modules, smart current sensors and other application specific devices.
When selecting the correct product to use in isolation applications, it is important for designers to understand safety and performance relevant features to guarantee optimum reliability over the lifetime of their products.
Lisa Dietrich, Field Application Engineer, Broadcom Inc. delves into this topic more in the below presentation that specifically covers the topics of LED degradation, insulation ratings, aging mechanisms and the effects of ESD and high voltage surges.
The document discusses photovoltaic (PV) solar power and high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) technologies for potential use in powering the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope. It provides an overview of PV technology status and trends, including various PV cell types as well as concentrated PV. Hydrogen storage is mentioned as an option for storing PV-generated power. High-power applications of HTS technologies like power cables, generators, and RF filters are also noted. In conclusion, concentrated PV seems best suited to the SKA's high solar radiation environment, though storage or combined technologies may be needed given its variable generation profile.
Sungen is a PV solar panel manufacture with HQ located in Hong Kong and with 2 Manufacturing facilities in mainland china. We specialize in a-Si thin film technology with over 120 mw production per year and ramping up to 200mw in 2011 using Anwell automated production equipment.. we also manufacture the traditional Mono and Poly crystalline modules. Having offices in Asia, Australia, Europe and USA. (Tel. 1 650 492 5202)
Baskin UCSC Panel Feb 18 2009 Peter BordenMary Trigiani
Can renewable energy save the world? Panel discussion held by University of California, Santa Cruz February 11 2009. Peter Borden, Awais Khan, Ali Shakouri.
This document is Eddie Chou's resume. It summarizes that he is a Process Integration Engineer at Micron Corporation since 2018 with expertise in semiconductor fabrication processes and physics. Some of his responsibilities include being the owner of integration projects for Apple mobile DRAM products. He has a M.S. in Photonics from National Sun Yat-sen University and B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Yuan Ze University. His resume lists work experience, education, skills, interests and awards including receiving an award for improving Apple mobile DRAM yields and participating on a winning basketball team.
Silicon Energy Cascade Series Photovoltaic Module Specification SheetSilicon Energy
The document describes Silicon Energy's next generation Cascade solar module and mounting system. The Cascade module features an integrated double-glass design that is durable, efficient, and suitable for overhead structures. It is produced in the US with a 30-year warranty. The matching mounting system is engineered to optimize solar production through a design that simplifies installation and protects wiring. Together, the system is built for reliability and performance in various installation types.
The document discusses several advanced materials processing techniques including powder processing, sol-gel processing, thermal oxidation, sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, and chemical vapor deposition. It also discusses applications of these techniques such as coating ceramic outer air seals on gas turbine blades and depositing optical fibers. MEMS applications are explored including uses in biotechnology, chemical detection, adaptive optics, and miniature sensors and actuators.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Current Status of Solar Photovoltaic Technology Platforms, Manufacturing Issu...Tuong Do
The document provides an overview of current status and research focus areas for various solar photovoltaic technology platforms, including crystalline silicon PV and thin film technologies. For crystalline silicon PV, the baseline technology is discussed along with near term research focus on new methods for emitter formation, passivation and device architecture to improve performance. For thin film technologies, the status and research focus for CIGS, CdTe, and a-Si/nc-Si technologies is summarized. The document also discusses the Institute of Energy Conversion at the University of Delaware and its research program goals and facilities for thin film and crystalline silicon photovoltaic research.
This document discusses HelioVolt Corporation's proprietary reactive transfer process for manufacturing copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic modules. The process combines rapid thermal processing and anodic wafer bonding to synthesize high-quality CIGS films from precursor layers in only 6 minutes. CIGS cells fabricated with this process have achieved 14% efficiency. HelioVolt has scaled this process to produce CIGS modules on a 20 MW pilot line, with 12% module efficiency demonstrated. The company aims to further scale production to multi-100MW factories to commercially produce CIGS modules using this low-cost, scalable reactive transfer method.
The document discusses the development and industrial production of high efficiency bifacial solar cells by PVGS. Key points include:
1) PVGS has developed a bifacial solar cell called "EarthON" that achieves over 19.5% efficiency on the front and over 19% on the rear, with a bifaciality ratio over 95%.
2) PVGS operates a unique 35MW factory dedicated to bifacial cell production, which began operation in July 2011 and is achieving high production yields with average efficiencies exceeding 19.2%.
3) Testing shows the bifacial module design achieves a 14.5% higher power output compared to standard monofacial modules due to
CIGS Solar Cells: How and Why is their Cost Falling?Jeffrey Funk
This document provides an overview of CIGS thin-film solar cells, including their advantages, current state of development, and future opportunities. CIGS cells have higher efficiency than other thin film technologies due to their ability to absorb different wavelengths of light. Efforts are underway to further improve efficiency through cell structure optimization and new deposition techniques that reduce costs. The document outlines several low-cost processing methods in development, such as printing and electrodeposition. It also discusses entrepreneurial opportunities throughout the CIGS value chain, including in materials/chemicals, manufacturing, installation/maintenance, and training.
1) bSolar has developed an industrial process for manufacturing bifacial solar cells using standard p-type silicon fabrication.
2) Their bifacial PERC cell achieves 18.4% front-side efficiency on average in industrial production, with a bifaciality factor of 75%, and they expect to reach 19.6% efficiency.
3) Field tests of bSolar bifacial modules show annual energy gains of 22-23% compared to monofacial modules, demonstrating the effectiveness of capturing light reflected onto the back side.
Oerlikon Solar is a leading provider of thin film solar module production lines and technologies. They presented on their business overview including key metrics and customers, the solar market outlook, their thin film silicon technologies including Micromorph and achievements, their ThinFab production line that can produce 120MW annually at a cost of €0.50/Wp or less, and their roadmap to 12% efficient thin film silicon modules. They summarized the key advantages of their THINFAB technology in having the lowest production costs and highest electricity yields along with innovative thin film silicon technology.
Sunpreme produces thin-film solar panels using Hybrid Cell Technology that combines the efficiency of amorphous silicon with lower temperature processing advantages. Their panels have efficiencies up to 22.5% in R&D and 22% in production, as well as bifacial double glass construction that provides 10-20% higher energy output. Sunpreme has established production facilities and sold panels across five continents for uses such as commercial rooftops, carports, and ground mounts.
The document summarizes a panel from the 2007 MIT Energy Conference on solar power and grid parity. The panel included presentations on manufacturing from Dick Swanson of SunPower, technology from Charlie Gay of Applied Materials, policy from Rhone Resch of the Solar Energy Industries Association, and financing from Jigar Shah of SunEdison. Charlie Gay's presentation focused on how increasing manufacturing scale through larger production lines could drive down the cost per watt of solar panels according to the industry's historical learning curve, with the goal of achieving retail price parity with electricity from the grid within a decade.
SCHOTT Solar manufactures polycrystalline solar modules that offer industry-leading 25-year linear power output warranties and are tested to stringent reliability standards; the modules are produced in Germany and also at SCHOTT Solar's US facility in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where they qualify as domestic products under various US acts.
SCHOTT Solar manufactures polycrystalline solar modules that offer industry-leading 25-year linear power output warranties and are tested to stringent reliability standards; the modules are produced in Germany and also at SCHOTT Solar's US facility in Albuquerque, New Mexico, allowing them to qualify for domestic content preferences under various US acts.
The document describes a new lightweight SCBA system called Project Heroes that replaces traditional SCBA cylinders. It provides a history of the technology and intellectual property, describes the product including advantages over traditional SCBA packs, discusses testing performed, and outlines the path to product maturity including optimization, certification, manufacturing, and risks.
Faculty of engineering and life sciences (FELS) of Unisel arranged an industiral visit to MIMOS (Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic Systems) on 10th April 2018 with 40 students from Electrical division. The purpose of visit was to enhance the industry exposure of the pariticpants, get the practical insights into manufacturing and to get aware of the real life situations of semiconduictor manufacturing.
Bifacial PV modules can generate energy from the front and rear side of a PV module. Unlike mono-facial modules, the rear
side of bifacial modules is lined with cells to capture reflected and diffused irradiation. The nameplate power of the
rear side of the modules is however less than the front side.
https://www.sgurrenergy.com/
Optocouplers eliminate the effects of electrical noise caused by crosstalk, power glitches and electrical interference. They provide high voltage isolation allowing safe interface between high and low voltages in electrical circuits and are also used for shifting logic levels. Key Broadcom products include optocouplers with digital and analog output, high speed and high gain performance, drivers for isolated gate transistors, MOSFETS and intelligent power modules, smart current sensors and other application specific devices.
When selecting the correct product to use in isolation applications, it is important for designers to understand safety and performance relevant features to guarantee optimum reliability over the lifetime of their products.
Lisa Dietrich, Field Application Engineer, Broadcom Inc. delves into this topic more in the below presentation that specifically covers the topics of LED degradation, insulation ratings, aging mechanisms and the effects of ESD and high voltage surges.
The document discusses photovoltaic (PV) solar power and high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) technologies for potential use in powering the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope. It provides an overview of PV technology status and trends, including various PV cell types as well as concentrated PV. Hydrogen storage is mentioned as an option for storing PV-generated power. High-power applications of HTS technologies like power cables, generators, and RF filters are also noted. In conclusion, concentrated PV seems best suited to the SKA's high solar radiation environment, though storage or combined technologies may be needed given its variable generation profile.
Sungen is a PV solar panel manufacture with HQ located in Hong Kong and with 2 Manufacturing facilities in mainland china. We specialize in a-Si thin film technology with over 120 mw production per year and ramping up to 200mw in 2011 using Anwell automated production equipment.. we also manufacture the traditional Mono and Poly crystalline modules. Having offices in Asia, Australia, Europe and USA. (Tel. 1 650 492 5202)
Baskin UCSC Panel Feb 18 2009 Peter BordenMary Trigiani
Can renewable energy save the world? Panel discussion held by University of California, Santa Cruz February 11 2009. Peter Borden, Awais Khan, Ali Shakouri.
This document is Eddie Chou's resume. It summarizes that he is a Process Integration Engineer at Micron Corporation since 2018 with expertise in semiconductor fabrication processes and physics. Some of his responsibilities include being the owner of integration projects for Apple mobile DRAM products. He has a M.S. in Photonics from National Sun Yat-sen University and B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Yuan Ze University. His resume lists work experience, education, skills, interests and awards including receiving an award for improving Apple mobile DRAM yields and participating on a winning basketball team.
Silicon Energy Cascade Series Photovoltaic Module Specification SheetSilicon Energy
The document describes Silicon Energy's next generation Cascade solar module and mounting system. The Cascade module features an integrated double-glass design that is durable, efficient, and suitable for overhead structures. It is produced in the US with a 30-year warranty. The matching mounting system is engineered to optimize solar production through a design that simplifies installation and protects wiring. Together, the system is built for reliability and performance in various installation types.
The document discusses several advanced materials processing techniques including powder processing, sol-gel processing, thermal oxidation, sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, and chemical vapor deposition. It also discusses applications of these techniques such as coating ceramic outer air seals on gas turbine blades and depositing optical fibers. MEMS applications are explored including uses in biotechnology, chemical detection, adaptive optics, and miniature sensors and actuators.
Similar to HelioVolt Printed Electronics/PV USA Dec 2010 (20)
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
1. CIGS Manufacturing Technology
Matures: Perspective on Scaling
B.J. Stanbery
Chief Scientist, Founder, and Chairman
Printed Electronics/Photovoltaics USA 2010
2 December 2010; Santa Clara, CA
HelioVolt Confidential
and Proprietary
2. HelioVolt Corporate History
HelioVolt and NREL win
R&D 100 Award
Time Magazine’s “Best
Inventions of 2006”
Printed Electronics
Industry Award 1st production run
HelioVolt Wall Street Journal August 2009
founded Technology Award
12% cell 12% prototype module
11% production
efficiency and 14% cell efficiency
module efficiency
FASST® Process wins achieved achieved
achieved
Nano50 Award
2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Series A Series B Industry veteran Jim
funding funding Flanary joins as CEO
Commercial agreements
NREL CRADA Exclusive NREL Opened first factory in
signed for 3 years of
established IP Agreement Austin, Texas
production
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
2
3. HelioVolt Module Production Process
Module Out
Glass FASST® CIGS Module Final Assembly
Preparation Process Formation & Test
Glass In
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
3
4. Our CIGS Products vs. Alternatives
Our Process
Glass In Module Out
Glass FASST® CIGS Module Final Assembly
Preparation Process Formation & Test
Competitors’ CIGS Cell-Based Processes
Substrate In Module Out
Substrate CIGS Contact & Grid Final Assembly
Cell Cut & Sort Cell Stringing
Preparation Process Formation & Test
Silicon Process
Polysilicon Ingot Wafer Solar Cell Solar Module
Source: Wall Street research.
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
4
5. HelioVolt CIGS Thin-Film Products
P3 Monolithic Interconnect Structure
ZnO
P2 buffer
P1 CIGS
Moly
substrate
• Alloy of Copper, Indium, Gallium and Selenium
• Highest efficiency single-junction thin-film PV semiconductor material
– 20.3% conversion efficiency (ZSW)
• CIGS is one of three known intrinsically stable PV materials
(with Silicon and Gallium Arsenide)
– Intrinsic stability required for long lived robust products
• More efficient absorber of light than any other known semiconductor
• Requires 1/100th of the material compared to silicon for comparable
light absorption
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
5
6. Product Scaling and Performance Experience
14.0%
Cell
Efficiency
1364x scale-up
Cell 3.0%
3 Months
Prototype Module 12.0%
Scalability Proof
Efficiency
DONE
Prototype 4.5%
8x scale-up
2 Months
11.5%
Efficiency
7.8%
Module 2%
Production Module Progress 4 Months 10 Months
Commercial Production Size
NOW
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
6
7. 2010 Module Efficiency Progress
12% 120%
Max
11% 110% CV = Std Dev
Average
10% 100%
Coefficient of Variation (CV)
Average Efficiency
9% 90%
8% 80%
7% 70%
6% 60%
Equipment
5% 50%
CV Capability Upgrade
4% and 40%
3% Characterization 30%
2% 20%
1% 10%
0% 0%
MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV
2010
Efficiency: average, maximum, and distribution improved significantly month-to-month
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
7
8. 11.5% Champion Module Efficiency
75 Watts
75 W
11.5%
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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9. Pre-Certification Reliability Tests Complete
• Most recent modules
underwent Damp Heat (DH)
and Humidity Freeze (HF)
testing for pre-certification
reliability screening.
• DH Modules followed IEC
protocol 1000 hours at 85°C;
85% relative humidity.
• Humidity Freeze
– Half of the modules followed
IEC protocol for HF test alone.
– Half of the modules were
tested per IEC protocol with
1000Hrs DH, then 1000Hrs HF.
• No loss of power, Voc, Isc in
any screening tests.
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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10. HelioVolt Module Rooftop Test Array
Photograph of Factory Rooftop HelioVolt module test array.
Array tracks performance of HelioVolt, as well as, other thin-film
and silicon modules, and inverters
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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11. Multiple Proven Ways to Win
Performance Leader Next Gen Innovation
22%
• First generation
$1.2B players have
proven market
and value creation
Module Efficiency
$1.7B
$1.2B
14% $1.4B
• Opportunity for
technology
$9.2B
innovation to
trump incumbents
6% on both cost and
Low Margin Manufacturers High Margin Manufacturers performance
$2.00/w $1.00/w $0.50/w
Module Cost
Note: Market cap as of June 1, 2010.
Source: Wall Street research.
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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12. Roadmap to 16% Module Efficiency
18%
12%
Advanced TCO,
Enhanced
Transmission,
Ultrafast Heating, Light Trapping
Active Quenching, Predictive Design
6% Advanced
Composition
Baseline Process Grading Control
0%
2010 2011 2012 2013
• Development work based on HelioVolt patents and
trade secrets will drive module efficiency from 10% to 16%
• Applied Research – HelioVolt’s partnership with NREL will
drive module efficiency from 16% to 21%
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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13. Printed Electronics/Photovoltaics USA 2010
2 December 2010; Santa Clara, CA
MOTIVATION FOR ALTERNATIVE
APPROACH TO CIGS PROCESSING
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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14. Characteristics of an Ideal CIGS
Manufacturing Method
• High device-quality material
– Ability to create intrinsic defect structures limiting
recombination; role of the order-disorder transition?
– Ability to control Group III and VI composition gradients
– Control of extrinsic doping (e.g.: sodium)
• High processing rate
– Reduces capital cost for targeted throughput
• Low thermal budget
– Reduces operating cost and energy payback time
• High materials utilization
– Reduced materials consumption and recycling expenses
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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15. Synopsis of Prior Art for CIGS Synthesis:
Co-evaporation
• First method to achieve 10% efficiency and research
approach used to make all record cells since 1989
• Simultaneous evaporation of the constituent elements
onto a high-temperature (450-700°C) substrate to
directly synthesize CIGS in a single stage process
• Competition between adsorption and desorption
kinetics reduces (1) selenium utilization and
(2) indium incorporation at temperatures near/above
the order-disorder transition
• Extended dwell at high temperatures generates high
thermal budget and equipment costs
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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16. Synopsis of Prior Art for CIGS Synthesis:
Metal Precursor Selenization
• Most well-developed, widely used approach for
commercial manufacture of CIGS modules, providing
good large-area uniformity
• Deposition of multilayer metal films by PVD, plating, or
particle suspensions followed by second-stage
high-temperature annealing in Se or H2Se/H2S
• Complex intermetallic alloying reactions and
differential diffusion during selenization cause
uncontrolled segregation
• Selenium/Sulfur diffusion limits reaction rate and resulting
extended dwell at high temperature generates
high thermal budget; first stage deposition method
determines materials utilization efficiency and
capital intensity
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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17. Synopsis of Prior Art for CIGS Synthesis:
Oxide Precursor Selenization
• High-speed printing of copper indium gallium
oxide nanoparticle ink onto a metal foil substrate,
subsequently annealed at high temperature in
H2Se/H2S to convert the oxide into sulfo-selenide
– Enables excellent materials utilization
• Reduced diffusion lengths of chalcogens in
nanoparticles speeds displacement reaction
• Difficult recrystallization kinetics limit film
densification and large grain growth
• Composition gradient control challenging
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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18. Synopsis of Prior Art for CIGS Synthesis:
Stacked Elemental Layers (SEL)
• Differs from the metal selenization approaches by
incorporating layers of selenium, as well as the
metals, into the precursor film itself
– Circumvent the need to diffuse selenium through the
entire thickness of the precursor stack
– Enables intervention in intermetallic formation by
stacking sequence control
– Multi-step reaction kinetics shown to generate
compound intermediates prior to CIGS formation
• Rapid thermal processing used in second stage to
minimize thermal budget and parasitic reactions
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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20. Reactive Transfer Processing of
Compound Precursors
• Two-stage process Se, S
112 = Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2
– Low-temperature 247 = Cu2(In,Ga)4(Se,S)7
deposition of multilayer
compound precursor
Cu2Se3. .(In,Ga)2(Se,S)3
films CuSe. 112 .(In,Ga) (Se,S)
247
247
– RTP reaction of Cu2Se. .(In,Ga)4(Se,S)3
compound precursors
to form CIGS
Cu In, Ga
Intermetallic Plethora
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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21. FASST® Reactive Transfer Processing
Non-Contact Transfer (NCT™) Synthesis
Process Step
Cu, In,
Ga, Se • Independent deposition of distinct
compound precursor layers on
Substrate
substrate and source plate
Source Plate with Transfer Film • Rapid non-contact reaction
Pressure – Turns stack into CIGS with high efficiency grains
Heat – Combines benefits of sequential selenization
with Close-Spaced Vapor Transport (CSVT) for
junction optimization
Source Plate
• CIGS adheres to the substrate and
the source plate is reused
Substrate
CIGS Layer
A rapid manufacturing process reduces depreciation of capital
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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23. Reactive Transfer Processing
Compound Precursor Deposition
• Two methods have been developed for
deposition of compound precursors
– Low-temperature Co-evaporation
• Equipment requirements similar to conventional single-
stage co-evaporation but lower temperatures lead to
higher throughput and reduced thermal budget
– Liquid Metal-Organic molecular solutions
• Proprietary inks developed under NREL CRADA
• Decomposition of inks leads to formation of inorganic
compound precursor films nearly indistinguishable
from co-evaporated films (for some compounds)
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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24. MOD Comparison with Vacuum
Precursor Deposition Method
Co-evaporated Top View Top View Spray
CIGS Precursor Deposited
Film CIGS Precursor
Film
Cross Section Cross Section
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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25. Metal-Organic Decomposition
(MOD) Precursor Film Deposition
• Inorganic compound reaction CIGS synthesis provides
pathway for evolutionary adoption of MOD precursors
• Key drivers
– Low capital equipment cost
– Low thermal budget
– High throughput
• Flexibility
– Good compositional control by chemical synthesis
– Variety of Cu-, In- and Ga-containing inks can be synthesized
and densified to form multinary sulfo-selenide precursors
• Efficient use of materials
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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27. Device Quality CIGS in 30 Seconds:
First Ultra-Fast Heating Results
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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28. HelioVolt Highlights
• Disruptive CIGS technology
• Extensive CIGS intellectual property portfolio
• 9+ years and ~$145mm of R&D
• Unique technology commercialization partnership with
NREL
• Full-scale R&D line in Austin
• Deep technical team
• Technical Accomplishments – 11.5% efficiency champion
production module with >10.5% average efficiency
• Efficiency roadmap to 16%+ by 2014
• Plan for production expansion under development
Printed Electronics/PV USA 2Dec 2010
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