Heat pump systems
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Heat pumps absorb heat from the ground and transfer it to buildings for space heating and pre-heating water. A ground source heat pump system has three main elements - a ground loop buried underground, the heat pump unit, and a heat distribution system inside the building. There are three common types of ground loops - horizontal loops laid underground, vertical loops using deep boreholes, and slinky loops buried in trenches. The best applications for heat pumps are properties with low heating demands, which can use radiators, underfloor heating, or air ducts. Ground source heat pumps have few moving parts and can last over 40 years with proper maintenance.
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Co-funded by the intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European Union. The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
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•Temperatures attained using water as a refrigerant are in the range which may satisfy air conditioning, cooling, or chilling requirements.
•Mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•This system are the utilization of mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•Not used when temperatures below 5°C are required.
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Heat pump systems
- 2. Heat pumps absorb heat from the ground and then transfers it into a building to provide space heating. They may also be used to pre-heat domestic hot water.
- 3. Three important elements to a GSHP: •ground loop, •heat pump, •heat distribution system.
- 4. There are also three types of ground loop: 1.Horizontal 2.Vertical 3. Slinky
- 5. Horizontal loops are laid and then covered
- 6. Vertical ground loops have a hole depth of around 75 – 100m
- 7. Slinky ground loops are buried in a trench, usually at around 1.5m depth
- 8. • Heat collector (loop) is buried in the garden The heat pump is made up of: • Evaporator – extracts the energy taken from the ground • Compressor – takes the extracted energy and increases it • Condenser – transfers the heat into the heating system • Expansion valve – lets in small amounts of refrigerant to prevent freezing.
- 9. The best applications for heat pumps are: Low heat demand properties, which includes: •Radiators (heating system) •Underfloor heating •Air ducts.
- 10. Soil conditions such as particle size and water content determine the soils thermal properties and must be taken into account. Soil conditions will also determine the size of the ground loop
- 11. • The more pipe used in a ground loop the greater the heat output. • The loop will typically form around 50% of the cost of the system. • Under sizing would lead to the ground loop running cool and at worst, become unsustainable.
- 12. The size of the system and length of loop depends on: 1.The building heat demand 2.The soil conditions on site 3.The type of ground loop used i.e. (slinky, horizontal or vertical).
- 13. • Low heat demand, high insulation • Type of heating system • Ground space for trench or borehole • Desire to be renewable and lower carbon emissions • Is there a cooling requirement.
- 14. GSHP are low in maintenance as systems have few moving parts Keep the filters clean and monitor the refrigerant levels A well designed system can have over a 40 year lifespan.
- 15. 1. Ground, water or air source 2. Best for homes with a low heat demand 3. Ground space for trench or borehole 4. Soil type determines heat transfer 5. Radiators, underfloor heating or air heating 6. Not 100% renewable 7. Reversed for cooling 8. Low maintenance 9. System needs to be carefully sized by an experienced engineer.