The document provides guidance on examining the thyroid gland from Usha Rani Kandula, an assistant professor from Arsi University in Ethiopia. It notes that the thyroid is normally smooth, firm, and non-tender and often nonpalpable, while abnormalities are common. An enlarged thyroid may indicate either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, and tenderness usually results from inflammation, though masses are often benign despite the possibility of malignancy.