Head Injury.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•5 views
This document discusses various investigations that can be performed in emergency situations for patients presenting with head injuries. It lists blood tests, x-rays, lumbar punctures, and various scans such as CT, MRI, and ultrasound that can help evaluate head injuries by detecting fractures, bleeding, edema, and other abnormalities. It provides specific indications for performing a brain CT scan for head injury patients, such as a Glasgow Coma Scale score under 15, signs of basilar skull fracture, multiple episodes of vomiting, loss of consciousness over 5 minutes, or dangerous mechanism of injury.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Head injury
This document provides an overview of head injury management, including definitions of key terms like the Glasgow Coma Scale and intracranial pressure. It describes mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and the evaluation of head injuries through history, exam, and radiographic imaging. It outlines guidelines for both nonoperative management, which typically involves monitoring and treating intracranial pressure, and operative management when significant mass lesions are present like epidural or subdural hematomas. The guidelines provide recommendations for indications for intracranial pressure monitoring and therapies to reduce elevated intracranial pressure through medical, surgical, and in more severe cases, barbiturate-induced coma interventions.
Head injury
1) Management of acute traumatic head injury involves evaluating the patient using the Glasgow Coma Scale and performing a CT scan to determine the type and severity of injury.
2) Treatment depends on factors such as intracranial pressure and includes measures to control ventilation, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and reduce swelling in the brain.
3) Prognosis is influenced by age, severity of injury based on Glasgow Coma Scale, and presence of hypotension or hypoxia - all of which can be potentially controlled or mitigated through rapid evaluation and treatment.
Emergency department neurosurgical admissions
This document provides an overview of common emergency neurosurgical presentations and indications for surgical intervention. It discusses the assessment of comatose patients, including the Glasgow Coma Scale. It then covers various neurosurgical topics like cranial trauma, vascular neurosurgery including stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage, neuro-oncology, hydrocephalus, and spinal surgery. For each topic, it outlines clinical criteria for determining if surgical intervention is required.
Tbi latest edition copy
Traumatic brain injury can cause primary and secondary brain damage. Secondary injuries like hypoxia, hypotension and increased intracranial pressure can worsen outcomes. A thorough history, examination and imaging investigations help classify injury severity and guide management. The goals of treatment are to prevent secondary injuries through airway control, ventilation, oxygenation and controlling blood pressure and ICP. Surgery is indicated for space occupying lesions causing mass effect or neurological deterioration while observation and conservative care may be sufficient for mild or stable injuries.
CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROME
This document discusses clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) and the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It provides details on the McDonald criteria for diagnosing MS, including dissemination in time and space. It presents the case of Mona, a 25-year-old woman referred with right optic neuritis. The document reviews clinical trials on early treatment of CIS with interferon beta to reduce the risk of developing MS. It concludes that about 50% of individuals with a CIS will develop MS, and evidence suggests early treatment is beneficial for reducing this risk compared to delayed treatment.
Brain death
The document discusses the determination of brain death through clinical examination or ancillary testing. It provides details on the preconditions that must be met before determining brain death clinically, including a minimum observation period of 4 hours. It also lists the cranial nerves tested in various brainstem reflexes and acceptable imaging techniques to demonstrate brain death according to ANZICS guidelines. Contraindications to the apnea test include high cervical cord injury, severe hypoxemia, and hemodynamic instability.
Traumatic brain injury
A summary of head injury and traumatic injury diagnosis and management. For any medical student or healthcare provider.
Head Injury.pptx
This document provides information on head injuries, including:
- Head injuries can range from minor to life-threatening and cause 1.4 million ED presentations annually in the UK, though the death rate is low. Head injuries are a leading cause of death and disability for under-40s.
- Glasgow Coma Scale is used to assess head injury severity. Clinical features of increased intracranial pressure include headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and vision changes.
- CT scans can identify fractures, hematomas, hemorrhages, and other injuries. Secondary injuries like hypoxia, hypotension, and brain swelling can worsen primary injuries. Listed symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache and tiredness are
Recommended
Head injury
This document provides an overview of head injury management, including definitions of key terms like the Glasgow Coma Scale and intracranial pressure. It describes mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and the evaluation of head injuries through history, exam, and radiographic imaging. It outlines guidelines for both nonoperative management, which typically involves monitoring and treating intracranial pressure, and operative management when significant mass lesions are present like epidural or subdural hematomas. The guidelines provide recommendations for indications for intracranial pressure monitoring and therapies to reduce elevated intracranial pressure through medical, surgical, and in more severe cases, barbiturate-induced coma interventions.
Head injury
1) Management of acute traumatic head injury involves evaluating the patient using the Glasgow Coma Scale and performing a CT scan to determine the type and severity of injury.
2) Treatment depends on factors such as intracranial pressure and includes measures to control ventilation, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and reduce swelling in the brain.
3) Prognosis is influenced by age, severity of injury based on Glasgow Coma Scale, and presence of hypotension or hypoxia - all of which can be potentially controlled or mitigated through rapid evaluation and treatment.
Emergency department neurosurgical admissions
This document provides an overview of common emergency neurosurgical presentations and indications for surgical intervention. It discusses the assessment of comatose patients, including the Glasgow Coma Scale. It then covers various neurosurgical topics like cranial trauma, vascular neurosurgery including stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage, neuro-oncology, hydrocephalus, and spinal surgery. For each topic, it outlines clinical criteria for determining if surgical intervention is required.
Tbi latest edition copy
Traumatic brain injury can cause primary and secondary brain damage. Secondary injuries like hypoxia, hypotension and increased intracranial pressure can worsen outcomes. A thorough history, examination and imaging investigations help classify injury severity and guide management. The goals of treatment are to prevent secondary injuries through airway control, ventilation, oxygenation and controlling blood pressure and ICP. Surgery is indicated for space occupying lesions causing mass effect or neurological deterioration while observation and conservative care may be sufficient for mild or stable injuries.
CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROME
This document discusses clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) and the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). It provides details on the McDonald criteria for diagnosing MS, including dissemination in time and space. It presents the case of Mona, a 25-year-old woman referred with right optic neuritis. The document reviews clinical trials on early treatment of CIS with interferon beta to reduce the risk of developing MS. It concludes that about 50% of individuals with a CIS will develop MS, and evidence suggests early treatment is beneficial for reducing this risk compared to delayed treatment.
Brain death
The document discusses the determination of brain death through clinical examination or ancillary testing. It provides details on the preconditions that must be met before determining brain death clinically, including a minimum observation period of 4 hours. It also lists the cranial nerves tested in various brainstem reflexes and acceptable imaging techniques to demonstrate brain death according to ANZICS guidelines. Contraindications to the apnea test include high cervical cord injury, severe hypoxemia, and hemodynamic instability.
Traumatic brain injury
A summary of head injury and traumatic injury diagnosis and management. For any medical student or healthcare provider.
Head Injury.pptx
This document provides information on head injuries, including:
- Head injuries can range from minor to life-threatening and cause 1.4 million ED presentations annually in the UK, though the death rate is low. Head injuries are a leading cause of death and disability for under-40s.
- Glasgow Coma Scale is used to assess head injury severity. Clinical features of increased intracranial pressure include headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and vision changes.
- CT scans can identify fractures, hematomas, hemorrhages, and other injuries. Secondary injuries like hypoxia, hypotension, and brain swelling can worsen primary injuries. Listed symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache and tiredness are
headinjury-170420163927.pdf
This document provides an overview of the management of head injuries. It defines different types of head injuries from minor injuries like scalp lacerations to major injuries involving brain trauma. It describes the causes, symptoms, diagnostic tools and treatment for various types of intracranial hemorrhages that can result from head trauma like epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhages, and intracerebral hemorrhages. It also outlines guidelines for imaging, management of increased intracranial pressure, surgical intervention and nursing care for patients with severe head injuries.
Head injury.ppt
This document provides an overview of the management of head injuries. It defines different types of head injuries from scalp lacerations to traumatic brain injuries. It describes the most common causes of head injuries and explains the layers of the head. It then details different types of head injuries including concussions, skull fractures, and intracranial hemorrhages. It outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, and management approaches for various head injuries.
Craniotomy.pptx
What is Craniotomy?
What are the Indications for Craniotomy?
What are the Types of Craniotomy?
Equipment used in craniotomy?
What happen to the Bone flap?
What are the Tests Done Prior to Craniotomy?
What happens during surgery?
What are the risks?
References
Skull injuries.pptx
This document discusses various types of skull injuries, including fractures, concussions, contusions, and hematomas. It describes the epidemiology, mechanisms, presentations, imaging findings, and treatments for specific injuries like epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhages, and intraparenchymal hemorrhages. It also provides details on concussions, including pathophysiology, risk factors, symptoms, evaluations, prevention strategies, and potential complications.
Traumatic brain injury [Autosaved].pptx
1. Traumatic brain injury can cause extradural haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, contusions, and diffuse axonal injury from shearing and tearing of neurons.
2. Primary brain injuries occur at the time of impact while secondary injuries develop afterwards from processes like brain swelling and inflammation.
3. Brain injuries can be mild, moderate or severe depending on factors like loss of consciousness duration. Monitoring tools like ICP, CPP, oxygenation and imaging are important for management.
HEAD INJURY IN THE ED.pptx
This document provides an overview of head injury management in the emergency department. It begins with an introduction on the importance of not neglecting or giving up on head injuries. It then describes a case of a 25-year-old man brought to the ED unconscious after a bike accident while intoxicated. The document reviews head injury classification, mechanisms of injury, diagnostic imaging, medical and surgical management strategies, and goals of preventing secondary brain injury. Key points covered include initial resuscitation, indications for observation versus admission, guidelines for mild, moderate and severe injuries, and timing of surgical interventions.
Craniocerebral trauma 1
Craniocerebral trauma is a leading cause of death and disability in children, most commonly resulting from road traffic accidents, falls, or assaults. Head injuries can cause skull fractures, hemorrhages such as epidural or subdural hematomas, and diffuse axonal injuries that may require neurosurgical intervention. Secondary injuries like increased intracranial pressure, edema, or hypotension can further damage the brain if not properly managed.
HEAD TRAUMA & CEREBRAL RESUSCITATION copy.pptx
This document provides an overview of traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. It begins with definitions of TBI and mechanisms of injury such as blunt and penetrating trauma. It then discusses features such as site of injury, pathology, and severity. Evaluation involves assessments like Glasgow Coma Scale and investigations like CT brain. Management principles focus on stabilization, prevention of secondary brain injury, and intracranial pressure control for severe TBI through protocols like cerebral protection. It concludes with references for further information.
Introduction to Neurosurgical Subspecialties Trauma and Critical Care Neurosu...
Trauma and critical care neurosurgery involves treating patients with traumatic brain and spine injuries, hemorrhages, and strokes. Trauma neurosurgeons manage both the medical and surgical care of these patients, including directing neurocritical care ICUs. They treat conditions like traumatic brain injury, hemorrhages, and fractures using surgical and medical techniques. Fellowship training is optional but provides specialized training in trauma and critical care neurosurgery.
Neurotrauma
1. Head trauma can cause various injuries including scalp lacerations, skull fractures, and intracranial hematomas such as extradural, subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhages.
2. Extradural hematomas require emergent neurosurgery due to risk of neurological decline from mass effect. Subdural hematomas are often chronic in elderly patients and may expand due to osmotic pressure.
3. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has identifiable risk factors and presents with thunderclap headache, often requiring cerebral angiography for diagnosis and treatment.
Head and Neck Trauma Board Review.pptx
This document provides an overview of head and neck trauma management. Key points include:
- Prevent secondary brain injury in head trauma by avoiding hypotension and hypoxia. Expedite surgery for epidural and subdural hematomas.
- Prevent secondary spinal cord injury by immediately immobilizing the cervical spine in patients with suspected spinal cord injury.
- Liberal use of CT for head injury evaluation. Immobilize the entire spine and image the full spine if spinal fracture is found.
- Timely neurosurgical consultation is crucial for managing certain brain injuries.
surgery.Head injury.(dr.ari)
A head injury can range from mild to severe and is caused by blunt force trauma or penetrating injuries to the skull and brain. Symptoms of a serious head injury include loss of consciousness, persistent headaches, vomiting, or abnormal behavior. Treatment depends on severity but may include monitoring for deterioration, supporting circulation and lowering intracranial pressure by evacuating hematomas or reducing brain swelling.
Decompressive craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Decompressive craniectomy is a surgical technique used to relieve increased intracranial pressure by removing a portion of the skull bone and opening the dura mater. It allows swollen brain tissue room to expand and reduces pressure. The document discusses the history of the procedure, indications such as severe traumatic brain injury and malignant stroke, types including decompressive hemicraniectomy and bifrontal craniectomy, potential complications like subdural fluid collections, and the role of later cranioplasty. While controversies remain, decompressive craniectomy can be life-saving for carefully selected patients with medically refractory elevated intracranial pressure.
Head trauma for general practitioners
This document provides an overview of head trauma for general practitioners. It begins with reviews of head anatomy and physiology, including the Monroe-Kellie doctrine. Head injuries are then classified by severity, morphology, and presence of intracranial lesions. Guidelines are presented for imaging with CT brain and interpreting findings such as epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cerebral edema. Treatment recommendations are outlined for mild, moderate and severe head injuries based on Glasgow Coma Scale and symptoms. Indications and dosing are provided for medications like mannitol and dilantin. Timeframes for surgery are discussed for various intracranial hemorrhages and fractures.
Myths vs facts in head injury
This document discusses the prognosis and management of head injury patients. It provides details on:
1. Factors that influence a patient's prognosis, including initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, age, pupil size and reaction, and CT scan characteristics. Mortality rates are correlated with these factors.
2. Secondary insults that can worsen outcomes, such as hypotension, hypoxia, and intracranial bleeding or swelling. Strict monitoring and intervention are important to prevent these.
3. Indications for neurosurgery depending on injury characteristics such as penetrating wounds, expanding hematomas, or malignant edema. The goal is to manage increased intracranial pressure.
head-injury head injury HEAD INJURY .ppt
Head injury can range from minor scalp lacerations to severe traumatic brain injury. Death from head injury can occur immediately due to massive hemorrhage, within 2 hours from internal bleeding, or around 3 weeks later from multisystem failure. Common causes include motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and sports injuries. Management involves stabilizing the patient, treating any fractures or hemorrhages surgically if needed, and carefully monitoring for increasing intracranial pressure. Nurses focus on airway protection, controlling bleeding, preventing infection, maintaining normal vital signs and neurological status, and facilitating maximum recovery of cognitive and physical function.
Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic Brain Inuries :Introduction
Epidemiology
Etiology
Symptoms
Types
Scalp
Skull
Brain
Basic Anatomy
Primary
Secondary
Brain Injuries
Complication
Management
Rehabilitation
evaluation of patient with head trauma
The document provides an overview of evaluating and managing a patient with head injury. It discusses initial assessment according to ATLS guidelines focusing on airway, breathing, and circulation. It also covers neurological assessment including Glasgow Coma Scale and pupil examination. Indications for CT scan and referral to a trauma center are outlined. Management goals include maintaining adequate oxygenation, ventilation, blood pressure, ICP and CPP. Further management may involve therapies such as hyperosmolar treatment, hypothermia, nutrition, antiseizure medications, and antibiotics.
Brain ct interpretation.pdf
This document provides an overview of brain CT scans, including their history, techniques, anatomy, reading methods, and common findings. It discusses how CT scans work, advantages like being painless and able to quickly detect injuries, and disadvantages like radiation exposure. Different types of CT scans are described along with normal anatomy and structures seen on scans. Methods for reading brain CT scans are outlined focusing on key areas like blood, cisterns, brain tissue, ventricles, bones, and postoperative changes. Common pathologies are also reviewed along with artifacts that may be seen.
Massive Stroke by Dr Candice Delcourt
There have been significant developments in the diagnosis and management of ischaemic stroke.
This started with trials showing a benefit for decompressive craniectomy after a malignant hemispheric stroke in patients under 60 undergoing surgery within 48 hours.
The evolution of CT and MRI have enabled us to better image not only the ischaemic core of the stroke, but also the surrounding hypo-perfused brain at risk of ischaemic death; the penumbra. CT and MR angiography now allow rapid, non-invasive detection of occlusions in the major neck and intracranial arterial vessels.
These techniques are key to the appropriate selection of patients for therapeutic interventions aiming at rapid and effective arterial recanalisation to restore blood flow. Intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA is effective if given early and no later than 4.5 hours. The benefit of intravenous thrombolysis for patients with severe stroke due to large artery occlusion is limited but these patients may be candidates for mechanical thrombectomy. Since 2014, several trials have confirmed the effectiveness of thrombectomy for patients with anterior circulation artery occlusion with a number needed to treat of less than 3 for improved functional outcome. Two recent trials have also shown that in selected patients, the benefit of thrombectomy extends to at least 24 hours, increasing the number of patients eligible to receive this treatment.
The rate of intravenous thrombolysis remains low in many Australian centres, especially in regional areas and only a few metropolitan centres provide a thrombectomy service. With the recent expansion of the time window, the logistics of patients being transferred to these centers has improved but good selection of patients with advanced imaging is a prerequisite to ensure that health resources are used efficiently.
There is a need to improve health services to better manage stroke patients in Australia and worldwide. This has the potential to improve outcome for stroke victims.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
More Related Content
Similar to Head Injury.pptx
headinjury-170420163927.pdf
This document provides an overview of the management of head injuries. It defines different types of head injuries from minor injuries like scalp lacerations to major injuries involving brain trauma. It describes the causes, symptoms, diagnostic tools and treatment for various types of intracranial hemorrhages that can result from head trauma like epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhages, and intracerebral hemorrhages. It also outlines guidelines for imaging, management of increased intracranial pressure, surgical intervention and nursing care for patients with severe head injuries.
Head injury.ppt
This document provides an overview of the management of head injuries. It defines different types of head injuries from scalp lacerations to traumatic brain injuries. It describes the most common causes of head injuries and explains the layers of the head. It then details different types of head injuries including concussions, skull fractures, and intracranial hemorrhages. It outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, and management approaches for various head injuries.
Craniotomy.pptx
What is Craniotomy?
What are the Indications for Craniotomy?
What are the Types of Craniotomy?
Equipment used in craniotomy?
What happen to the Bone flap?
What are the Tests Done Prior to Craniotomy?
What happens during surgery?
What are the risks?
References
Skull injuries.pptx
This document discusses various types of skull injuries, including fractures, concussions, contusions, and hematomas. It describes the epidemiology, mechanisms, presentations, imaging findings, and treatments for specific injuries like epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhages, and intraparenchymal hemorrhages. It also provides details on concussions, including pathophysiology, risk factors, symptoms, evaluations, prevention strategies, and potential complications.
Traumatic brain injury [Autosaved].pptx
1. Traumatic brain injury can cause extradural haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, contusions, and diffuse axonal injury from shearing and tearing of neurons.
2. Primary brain injuries occur at the time of impact while secondary injuries develop afterwards from processes like brain swelling and inflammation.
3. Brain injuries can be mild, moderate or severe depending on factors like loss of consciousness duration. Monitoring tools like ICP, CPP, oxygenation and imaging are important for management.
HEAD INJURY IN THE ED.pptx
This document provides an overview of head injury management in the emergency department. It begins with an introduction on the importance of not neglecting or giving up on head injuries. It then describes a case of a 25-year-old man brought to the ED unconscious after a bike accident while intoxicated. The document reviews head injury classification, mechanisms of injury, diagnostic imaging, medical and surgical management strategies, and goals of preventing secondary brain injury. Key points covered include initial resuscitation, indications for observation versus admission, guidelines for mild, moderate and severe injuries, and timing of surgical interventions.
Craniocerebral trauma 1
Craniocerebral trauma is a leading cause of death and disability in children, most commonly resulting from road traffic accidents, falls, or assaults. Head injuries can cause skull fractures, hemorrhages such as epidural or subdural hematomas, and diffuse axonal injuries that may require neurosurgical intervention. Secondary injuries like increased intracranial pressure, edema, or hypotension can further damage the brain if not properly managed.
HEAD TRAUMA & CEREBRAL RESUSCITATION copy.pptx
This document provides an overview of traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. It begins with definitions of TBI and mechanisms of injury such as blunt and penetrating trauma. It then discusses features such as site of injury, pathology, and severity. Evaluation involves assessments like Glasgow Coma Scale and investigations like CT brain. Management principles focus on stabilization, prevention of secondary brain injury, and intracranial pressure control for severe TBI through protocols like cerebral protection. It concludes with references for further information.
Introduction to Neurosurgical Subspecialties Trauma and Critical Care Neurosu...
Trauma and critical care neurosurgery involves treating patients with traumatic brain and spine injuries, hemorrhages, and strokes. Trauma neurosurgeons manage both the medical and surgical care of these patients, including directing neurocritical care ICUs. They treat conditions like traumatic brain injury, hemorrhages, and fractures using surgical and medical techniques. Fellowship training is optional but provides specialized training in trauma and critical care neurosurgery.
Neurotrauma
1. Head trauma can cause various injuries including scalp lacerations, skull fractures, and intracranial hematomas such as extradural, subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhages.
2. Extradural hematomas require emergent neurosurgery due to risk of neurological decline from mass effect. Subdural hematomas are often chronic in elderly patients and may expand due to osmotic pressure.
3. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has identifiable risk factors and presents with thunderclap headache, often requiring cerebral angiography for diagnosis and treatment.
Head and Neck Trauma Board Review.pptx
This document provides an overview of head and neck trauma management. Key points include:
- Prevent secondary brain injury in head trauma by avoiding hypotension and hypoxia. Expedite surgery for epidural and subdural hematomas.
- Prevent secondary spinal cord injury by immediately immobilizing the cervical spine in patients with suspected spinal cord injury.
- Liberal use of CT for head injury evaluation. Immobilize the entire spine and image the full spine if spinal fracture is found.
- Timely neurosurgical consultation is crucial for managing certain brain injuries.
surgery.Head injury.(dr.ari)
A head injury can range from mild to severe and is caused by blunt force trauma or penetrating injuries to the skull and brain. Symptoms of a serious head injury include loss of consciousness, persistent headaches, vomiting, or abnormal behavior. Treatment depends on severity but may include monitoring for deterioration, supporting circulation and lowering intracranial pressure by evacuating hematomas or reducing brain swelling.
Decompressive craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Decompressive craniectomy is a surgical technique used to relieve increased intracranial pressure by removing a portion of the skull bone and opening the dura mater. It allows swollen brain tissue room to expand and reduces pressure. The document discusses the history of the procedure, indications such as severe traumatic brain injury and malignant stroke, types including decompressive hemicraniectomy and bifrontal craniectomy, potential complications like subdural fluid collections, and the role of later cranioplasty. While controversies remain, decompressive craniectomy can be life-saving for carefully selected patients with medically refractory elevated intracranial pressure.
Head trauma for general practitioners
This document provides an overview of head trauma for general practitioners. It begins with reviews of head anatomy and physiology, including the Monroe-Kellie doctrine. Head injuries are then classified by severity, morphology, and presence of intracranial lesions. Guidelines are presented for imaging with CT brain and interpreting findings such as epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cerebral edema. Treatment recommendations are outlined for mild, moderate and severe head injuries based on Glasgow Coma Scale and symptoms. Indications and dosing are provided for medications like mannitol and dilantin. Timeframes for surgery are discussed for various intracranial hemorrhages and fractures.
Myths vs facts in head injury
This document discusses the prognosis and management of head injury patients. It provides details on:
1. Factors that influence a patient's prognosis, including initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, age, pupil size and reaction, and CT scan characteristics. Mortality rates are correlated with these factors.
2. Secondary insults that can worsen outcomes, such as hypotension, hypoxia, and intracranial bleeding or swelling. Strict monitoring and intervention are important to prevent these.
3. Indications for neurosurgery depending on injury characteristics such as penetrating wounds, expanding hematomas, or malignant edema. The goal is to manage increased intracranial pressure.
head-injury head injury HEAD INJURY .ppt
Head injury can range from minor scalp lacerations to severe traumatic brain injury. Death from head injury can occur immediately due to massive hemorrhage, within 2 hours from internal bleeding, or around 3 weeks later from multisystem failure. Common causes include motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and sports injuries. Management involves stabilizing the patient, treating any fractures or hemorrhages surgically if needed, and carefully monitoring for increasing intracranial pressure. Nurses focus on airway protection, controlling bleeding, preventing infection, maintaining normal vital signs and neurological status, and facilitating maximum recovery of cognitive and physical function.
Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic Brain Inuries :Introduction
Epidemiology
Etiology
Symptoms
Types
Scalp
Skull
Brain
Basic Anatomy
Primary
Secondary
Brain Injuries
Complication
Management
Rehabilitation
evaluation of patient with head trauma
The document provides an overview of evaluating and managing a patient with head injury. It discusses initial assessment according to ATLS guidelines focusing on airway, breathing, and circulation. It also covers neurological assessment including Glasgow Coma Scale and pupil examination. Indications for CT scan and referral to a trauma center are outlined. Management goals include maintaining adequate oxygenation, ventilation, blood pressure, ICP and CPP. Further management may involve therapies such as hyperosmolar treatment, hypothermia, nutrition, antiseizure medications, and antibiotics.
Brain ct interpretation.pdf
This document provides an overview of brain CT scans, including their history, techniques, anatomy, reading methods, and common findings. It discusses how CT scans work, advantages like being painless and able to quickly detect injuries, and disadvantages like radiation exposure. Different types of CT scans are described along with normal anatomy and structures seen on scans. Methods for reading brain CT scans are outlined focusing on key areas like blood, cisterns, brain tissue, ventricles, bones, and postoperative changes. Common pathologies are also reviewed along with artifacts that may be seen.
Massive Stroke by Dr Candice Delcourt
There have been significant developments in the diagnosis and management of ischaemic stroke.
This started with trials showing a benefit for decompressive craniectomy after a malignant hemispheric stroke in patients under 60 undergoing surgery within 48 hours.
The evolution of CT and MRI have enabled us to better image not only the ischaemic core of the stroke, but also the surrounding hypo-perfused brain at risk of ischaemic death; the penumbra. CT and MR angiography now allow rapid, non-invasive detection of occlusions in the major neck and intracranial arterial vessels.
These techniques are key to the appropriate selection of patients for therapeutic interventions aiming at rapid and effective arterial recanalisation to restore blood flow. Intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA is effective if given early and no later than 4.5 hours. The benefit of intravenous thrombolysis for patients with severe stroke due to large artery occlusion is limited but these patients may be candidates for mechanical thrombectomy. Since 2014, several trials have confirmed the effectiveness of thrombectomy for patients with anterior circulation artery occlusion with a number needed to treat of less than 3 for improved functional outcome. Two recent trials have also shown that in selected patients, the benefit of thrombectomy extends to at least 24 hours, increasing the number of patients eligible to receive this treatment.
The rate of intravenous thrombolysis remains low in many Australian centres, especially in regional areas and only a few metropolitan centres provide a thrombectomy service. With the recent expansion of the time window, the logistics of patients being transferred to these centers has improved but good selection of patients with advanced imaging is a prerequisite to ensure that health resources are used efficiently.
There is a need to improve health services to better manage stroke patients in Australia and worldwide. This has the potential to improve outcome for stroke victims.
Similar to Head Injury.pptx (20)
Introduction to Neurosurgical Subspecialties Trauma and Critical Care Neurosu...
Introduction to Neurosurgical Subspecialties Trauma and Critical Care Neurosu...
Decompressive craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Decompressive craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Recently uploaded
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ORSI 2024.pptx
Indication and installation of a mobile cervical disc prosthesis. Benefits of the PRODISC C VIVO mobile disc prosthesis (Centinel Spine)
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neu...
Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neu...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principles
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
vonoprazan A novel drug for GERD presentation
Vonoprazan, a new potassium acid channel blocker used in the conditions of GERD and gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer ....
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Recently uploaded (20)
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neu...
Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neu...
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Head Injury.pptx
- 1. Head Injury Indications for investigations in emergency Dr. Navam Dhiman Junior Resident Department of General Surgery IGMC Shimla Department of Neurosurgery Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla
- 2. Available Investigations • Blood • X- Ray • Lumbar Puncture • Carotid Angiography • Electroencephalography • Echo-encephalography • Ultrasonography • Brain Scan • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Ventriculography • Inspection Holes
- 3. Blood Investigations • Haemoglobin, Coagulation Studies • Diabetes • Renal Functions • Electrolyte Imbalance
- 4. X ray • Fracture of Skull • Fracture of Spine (Screening) • Suspected Injury to specific part of spine
- 6. Brain Scan (CT) • GCS Score less than 15 after 2 hours of injury • Suspected Open or Depressed Skull fracture • Any sign of basilar skull fracture • Vomiting (more than 2 episodes) • Age more than 65 years • Anti-coagulant use • LOC for more than 5 minutes • Amnesia before impact (>30 mins) • Dangerous Mechanism of Injury