liposome and its types and applications.

1. LIPOSOME
▪ HARSHAL D. SHROTE
M.SC – SEM – 1
RAJIV GANDHI BIOTECHNOLOGY CENTRE, RTMNU, NAGPUR

2. WHAT IS A LIPOSOME?

3. 0.025 Μ
FIG – LIPOSOME(3D VIEW)

4. HISTORY
• STRUCTURES WERE DISCOVERED BY ALEC BANGHAM (UK,
DIED ON MARCH 9, 2010).
• HE FOUND THAT AMPHIPATHIC PHOSPHOLIPID
MOLECULES, WHEN DISPERSED IN WATER, BECAME
ORGANIZED IN VESICLES CONSISTING OF CONCENTRIC
PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYERS, SEPARATED BY AQUEOUS
COMPARTMENTS.

5. FIG – PREDICTING THE FATE OF THE LIPOSOME

6. FIG – PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
FIG- BASIC UNIT

7. FIG – LIPOSOME ENCAPSULATION

8. LIPOSOME AND MICELLE?

9. FIG – DIAGRAM SHOWING THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LIPOSOME AND MICELLE

10. CLASSIFICATION OF LIPOSOME

11. (1) MULTILAMELLAR VESICLES (MLV) ,
(2) UNILAMELLAR VESICLES (UV),
a. LARGE UNILAMELLAR VESICLES (LUV),
b. SMALL UNILAMELLAR VESICLES (SUV).

12. FIG – PICTURE SHOWING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MULTIMELLAR
VESICLES (MLV) AND UNIMELLAR VESICLES (UV).

13. Unilamellar Vesicles (UV), Multilamellar Vesicles (MLV)
SINGLE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER. MORE THAN ONE PHOSPHOLIPIDS BILAYER.
SPHERICAL STRUCTURE ONION STRUCTURE

14. METHODS OF PREPARATION
• GENERAL METHODS OF PREPARATION
ALL THE METHODS OF PREPARING THE LIPOSOMES INVOLVE FOUR BASIC
STAGES:
• 1. DRYING DOWN LIPIDS FROM ORGANIC SOLVENT.
• 2. DISPERSING THE LIPID IN AQUEOUS MEDIA.
• 3. PURIFYING THE RESULTANT LIPOSOME.
• 4. ANALYZING THE FINAL PRODUCT.

15. MECHANICAL DISPERSION METHOD
THE FOLLOWING ARE TYPES OF MECHANICAL DISPERSION METHODS:
1. SONICATION.
2. FRENCH PRESSURE CELL: EXTRUSION.
3. FREEZE-THAWED LIPOSOMES.
4. LIPID FILM HYDRATION BY HAND SHAKING, NON-HAND. SHAKING OR
FREEZE DRYING.
5. MICRO-EMULSIFICATION.
6. MEMBRANE EXTRUSION.
7. DRIED RECONSTITUTED VESICLES.

16. MECHANISM OF TRANSPORTATION

17. • NANOPARTICLES CAN ENTER A CELL EITHER BY SIMPLY CROSSING THE PLASMA
MEMBRANE, BY ENDOCYTOSIS (A), RECEPTOR MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS (B) OR THROUGH
ABSORPTIVE PINOCYTOSIS MECHANISM (C), WHERE A SPECIFIC LIGANDS ARE ATTACHED
TO NANOPARTICLES ENABLING THEM TO TARGET CELLS WITH A SPECIFIC RECEPTOR.

18. APPLICATIONS OF LIPOSOME IN MEDICINES
AND PHARMACOLOGY

19. • IT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF
LIPOSOMES CONTAINING VARIOUS MARKERS OR DRUGS, AND THEIR USE AS A
TOOL, A MODEL, OR REAGENT.
• UNFORTUNATELY, MANY DRUGS HAVE A VERY NARROW THERAPEUTIC WINDOW.

20. • AS A WHOLE, CHANGED PHARMACOKINETICS FOR LIPOSOMAL DRUGS CAN
LEAD TO IMPROVED DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY TO PARTICULAR TARGET CELLS
THAT LIVE IN THE CIRCULATION, OR MORE PROMINENTLY, TO
EXTRAVASCULAR DISEASE SITES.
• FOR EXAMPLE:- TUMORS. RECENT IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDE LIPOSOMAL
FORMULATIONS OF ALL-TRANS-RETINOIC ACID AND DAUNORUBICIN, WHICH
HAS RECEIVED FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CONSENT AS A FIRST-LINE
TREATMENT OF AIDS-RELATED ADVANCED KAPOSI'S SARCOMA.
DISTINGUISHED EXAMPLES ARE VINCRISTINE, DOXORUBICIN, AND
AMPHOTERICIN B.

21. BENEFITS OF DRUG LOAD

22. Benefits of drug load in liposome Examples
1. Improved solubility of lipophilic and
amphiphilic drugs.
Amphotericin B, porphyrins, minoxidil, some
peptides, and anthracyclines, respectively;
hydrophilic drugs, such as anticancer agent
doxorubicin or acyclovir.
2. Passive targeting to the cells of the immune
system, especially cells of the mononuclear
phagocytic system.
Antimonials, amphotericin B, porphyrins,
vaccines, immunomodulators.
3. Sustained release system of systemically or
locally administered liposomes.
Doxorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, cortisones,
biological proteins or peptides such as
vasopressin.
4. Site-avoidance mechanism. Doxorubicin andamphotericin B.
5. Site-specific targeting.
Anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-cancer, anti-
infection.
6. Improved transfer of hydrophilic, charged
molecules Antibiotics, chelators, plasmids, and genes.
7. Improved penetration into tissues. Corticosteroids, anesthetics, and insulin.

23. ADVANTAGES

24. Advantages of liposome
Liposomes increased efficacy and therapeutic index of drug (actinomycin-D).
Liposome increased stability via encapsulation.
Liposomes are non-toxic, flexible, biocompatible, completely biodegradable, and non-
immunogenic for systemic and non-systemic administrations.
Liposomes reduce the toxicity of the encapsulated agent (amphotericin B, Taxol).
Liposomes help reduce the exposure of sensitive tissues to toxic drugs.
Site avoidance effect.
Flexibility to couple with site-specific ligands to achieve active targeting.

25. DISADVANTAGES

26. Disadvantages of liposome
Low solubility..
Short half-life.
Sometimes phospholipid undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis-like reaction..
Leakage and fusion of encapsulated drug/molecules.
Production cost is high.
Fewer stables.

27. REFERENCES
• HTTPS://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/PMC/ARTICLES/PMC3599573/
• HTTPS://WWW.GOOGLE.CO.IN/SEARCH?Q=CLASSIFICATION+OF+LIPOSOMES&OQ=C
LASSIFICATION+OF+&AQS=CHROME.0.69I59J69I57.7098J0J8&SOURCEID=CHROME&I
E=UTF-8
• HTTPS://WWW.LIVONLABS.COM/MOBILE/LIPOSOMAL-TECH.HTML

28. THANK YOU ☺