This is a presentation by Essam Yassin Mohammed, senior researcher at the International Institute for Environment and Development, at an event on Rethinking capitals: Going beyond the financial' on 12 December 2014. The event was organised by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, and Mohammed's presentation focused on natural capital approaches.

1. Author name
Author AuthDoart ename
name
Date
Harnessing Blue Capital for
Blue Growth: why invest?
Dr Essam Yassin Mohammed, International Institute for Environment and Development
Dr Ben Milligan, Univesity College London
Prof Dan Laffoley, IUCN
DOCUMENT TITLE 1

2. Author name
Date
Marine and Costal
Ecosystem Services
How to
harness these
opportunities
and attain a
resilient,
sustainable
and inclusive
ocean-based
economy?
DOCUMENT TITLE 2

3. Author name
Date
Marine and Coastal
Ecosystems: Benefits and threats
• Major source of
food: the main
or only source of
animal protein in
some poor
communities
• Some 45 million
directly
employed
• Up to 200 mill
indirectly
• The most traded
food commodity
DOCUMENT TITLE 3

4. Author name
Date
Fisheries in crisis
The majority of
commercially/economically
important fish species are
fished beyond sustainable
levels
Market failure?
DOCUMENT TITLE 4

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Date
Valuation: what and how?
Adapted from Emerton 2006 (in Mohammed 2014)
DOCUMENT TITLE 5

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Date
Benefits of marine and coastal
ecosystems to human wellbeing
>2 billion people + 50% world’s major cities found within 50km
of coastal lines
According to some studies, ocean services are worth US$23 trillion a
year - only slightly less than the world’s total GNP.
“…a cynic was a
man who knows
the price of
everything and the
value of nothing.”
Oscar Wilde
DOCUMENT TITLE 6

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Date
5 sectors only
 Aquaculture/fisheries
 Coastal tourism
 Blue biotechnology
 Ocean energy
 Seabed mining
€1,125,832,000 per year
DOCUMENT TITLE 7

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Date
Investing in marine and coastal
ecosystems as economic
infrastructure [Good investment]
DOCUMENT TITLE 8

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Date
A paradigm shift: Rationalising
behaviours
Socioeconomic gains
Management regimes (t)
How to overcome
this short-term
economic loss??
DOCUMENT TITLE 9

10. Author name
Date
Innovative financing
• Is Blue Capital
“investable”?
• Expenditure to
restore, maintain or
enhance
• Marine/fisheries PES:
(increasing interest
from different groups)
• Blue bonds
• Trust funds
DOCUMENT TITLE 10

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Date
Think 3 Dimensionally
Societal and Individual
net benefit
Political net benefit
Ecological net
benefit
DOCUMENT TITLE 11

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Date
Key messages
Valuation
Resilient.
Inclusive and
sustainable
Blue Economy
Incentives
Investing
Financing
Engagement
Governance
DOCUMENT TITLE 12

13. Author name
Author AuthDoart ename
name
Date
“How inappropriate to call
this planet Earth when it is
quite clearly Ocean”
Arthur C. Clarke
Get involved:
Visit: http://www.iied.org/fisheries
Join: FishNet
(www.fishnet.ning.com)
To contribute to the Blue Capital
report contact Dr Ben Milligan
b.milligan@ucl.ac.uk O
FishNet is a community for all people
interested in fisheries. We aim to inspire
action for fisheries that work for today as well
as the future.
DOCUMENT TITLE 13