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water mineral
percolates
limestone chalk
calcium magnesium
dissolved bicarbonate minerals calcium
bicarbonate magnesium bicarbonate
cations
bicarbonate anions
boiling
calcium sulphate magnesium sulphates
temperature
molar concentrations
soap
scum lather
calcium stearate
sodium stearate soap
heat exchangers
calcite aragonite
turbid
sodium carbonate
HARDNESS    OF    WATER
HARDNESS    OF    WATER
HARDNESS    OF    WATER
HARDNESS    OF    WATER
HARDNESS    OF    WATER

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HARDNESS OF WATER