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Water softening and hardness removal
1. WATER SOFTENING
REMOVAL OF HARDNESS OF WATER
PERMANENT HARDNESS
TEMPORARY HARDNESS
PERMISSIBLE LIMIT 75 TO 115 MG/L
BY-KRISHNA MURARI
2. METHODS OF REMOVAL OF
TEMPORARY HARDNESS
1 BOILING : MAGNESIUM BICABONATE AND MAGNESIUM
CARBONATE CANNOT BE REMOVED.
LARGE SCALE IS PRACTICALLY UNFEASIBLE.
3. 2 ADDITION OF LIME :
LIME OR HYDRATED LIME IS ADDED TO WATER.
CALCIUM CARBONATE AND MAGENESIUM HYDROXIDE IS
PRECIPITATED.
4. METHODS OF REMOVAL OF
PERMANENT HARDNESS
LIME SODA PROCESS
BASE EXCHANGE PROCESS OR ZEOLITE PROCESS
DEMINERALISATION PROCESS
5. LIME SODA PROCESS
LIME AND SODA ASH ARE ADDED TO WATER
CALCIUM CARBONATE AND MAGENESIUM HYDROXIDE PPT ARE FORMED
AND SEDIMENTED OUT IN A TANK
CARBONATE HARDNESS IS REMOVED BY LIME
NON CARBONATE HARDNESS IS REMOVED BY SODA
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8. RECABONATION PROCESS
IN LIME SODA PROCESS LITTLE QUANTITY OF CAL. CARBONATE AND Mg
HYDROXIDE REMAIN AS FINELY DIVIDED PARTICLES AND MAY CAUSE
TROUBLESV BY GETTING DEPOSITED ON THE FILTER TO CAUSE
ENLARGEMENT OF SAND GRAINS CALLED INCRUSTATION OF FILTER
MEDIA
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14. DEMINERALISATION PROCESS FOR
REMOVING HARDNESS
REMOVAL OF MINERALS FROM WATER EITHER COMPLETELY OR
REDUCING THE MINERAL CONTENT
DEMINERALISED WATER CALLED DEIONISED WATER AND IS VERY
SUITABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE SPECIALLY FOR STEAM RAISI NG IN
HIGH PRESSURE BOILER
WATER IS PASSED THROUGH BED OF CATION EXCHANGE RESIN AND
THEN ANION EXCHANGE RESIN
HYDROGEN IS EXCHANGED IN EXCEED OF SODIUM .
THE CATION EXCHANGE RESIN ARE PHENOLALDEHYDE CONDENSATION
PRODUCTS.