Hans Lambers presented at the Cockburn Community Wildlife Corridor public meeting that was held on the 12th of February 2017 at the Cockburn Wetlands Centre.
This document discusses the Eld's deer, including its habitat in temperate deciduous forests in Southeast Asia, which are changing and unable to support as many organisms. It faces competition from male rutting and is endangered, which threatens the biodiversity of its ecosystem. It has adaptations like hooves and teeth that allow it to acquire and process food. While primary succession would not affect it much, secondary succession could greatly impact it by leaving it without food for long periods.
This presentation from Tom Dexter of Eurobodalla Shire Council discusses the process of re-introducing burning to Themeda Grass Headland Endangered Ecological Communities on the south coast of NSW.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2015 Bushfire Conference - Fire and Restoration: working with fire for healthy lands.
Mangroves store large amounts of carbon and protect coastlines, but they are threatened in Indonesia. Scientists are conducting research in Indonesian mangrove forests to determine exactly how much carbon is stored. The team must work in the muddy forests while the tide is still high. They carefully measure and collect samples from trees and roots to analyze the carbon content and gain valuable data that could help protect more mangrove ecosystems.
Moors make up approximately 6% of Ecuador's territory. They have a cold, foggy, and rainy climate and support a diverse array of adapted plants and animals. The moors' soil structure retains water and distributes it to lower lands, helping reduce the effects of global warming. However, converting moorlands to agriculture is degrading these areas by destroying the soil structure through overgrazing and unsustainable farming, leading to erosion and desertification. Conservation groups are working to restore the moors' natural characteristics through traditional and alternative land management practices.
Savannas cover a significant portion of the Earth's land area and play an important role in carbon storage. The document discusses using phenocams to monitor the life cycle of understory vegetation in Australian tropical savannas. Phenocams were installed at multiple towers in Howard Springs, Australia to capture images of the canopy and understory over time and study how the understory vegetation grows during the wet season and is impacted by fires in the dry season. Preliminary analysis of the camera images provides insights into the fluxes in the understory ecosystem across the wet and dry seasons in these important savanna landscapes.
1) The document summarizes research on the habitat use and vegetation of Scottish Highlanders grazing freely in the Broekpolder nature reserve.
2) It establishes four research questions about the Highlanders' habitat use, vegetation preferences, impact on forest encroachment, and expected environmental changes.
3) The study focuses on the Highlanders' habitat use and intake of vegetation over a 10-week period in the Broekpolder, where Highlanders have freely grazed since 2012.
The document discusses the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) including its habitat, diet, predators, reproduction rates, lifespan, role in food chains and webs, and how stream and soil quality can affect white-tailed deer populations. It provides data on ideal levels of dissolved oxygen, pH, potash, nitrates, phosphorus, and pH in water and soil that support white-tailed deer. Poor water or soil quality could negatively impact food sources and drive deer away or cause deaths.
This document discusses different habitats including deserts, forests, rain forests, marine environments, and zoos. Forests cover 1/3 of the Earth and are dominated by trees, with precipitation distributed evenly throughout the year supporting animals like bears and deer. Marine habitats cover 75% of the Earth and support a vast diversity of plant and animal life ranging from microscopic to 100 foot whales. Zoos are man-made habitats that are important for recreation, education, wildlife conservation, and scientific studies.
This document discusses the Eld's deer, including its habitat in temperate deciduous forests in Southeast Asia, which are changing and unable to support as many organisms. It faces competition from male rutting and is endangered, which threatens the biodiversity of its ecosystem. It has adaptations like hooves and teeth that allow it to acquire and process food. While primary succession would not affect it much, secondary succession could greatly impact it by leaving it without food for long periods.
This presentation from Tom Dexter of Eurobodalla Shire Council discusses the process of re-introducing burning to Themeda Grass Headland Endangered Ecological Communities on the south coast of NSW.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2015 Bushfire Conference - Fire and Restoration: working with fire for healthy lands.
Mangroves store large amounts of carbon and protect coastlines, but they are threatened in Indonesia. Scientists are conducting research in Indonesian mangrove forests to determine exactly how much carbon is stored. The team must work in the muddy forests while the tide is still high. They carefully measure and collect samples from trees and roots to analyze the carbon content and gain valuable data that could help protect more mangrove ecosystems.
Moors make up approximately 6% of Ecuador's territory. They have a cold, foggy, and rainy climate and support a diverse array of adapted plants and animals. The moors' soil structure retains water and distributes it to lower lands, helping reduce the effects of global warming. However, converting moorlands to agriculture is degrading these areas by destroying the soil structure through overgrazing and unsustainable farming, leading to erosion and desertification. Conservation groups are working to restore the moors' natural characteristics through traditional and alternative land management practices.
Savannas cover a significant portion of the Earth's land area and play an important role in carbon storage. The document discusses using phenocams to monitor the life cycle of understory vegetation in Australian tropical savannas. Phenocams were installed at multiple towers in Howard Springs, Australia to capture images of the canopy and understory over time and study how the understory vegetation grows during the wet season and is impacted by fires in the dry season. Preliminary analysis of the camera images provides insights into the fluxes in the understory ecosystem across the wet and dry seasons in these important savanna landscapes.
1) The document summarizes research on the habitat use and vegetation of Scottish Highlanders grazing freely in the Broekpolder nature reserve.
2) It establishes four research questions about the Highlanders' habitat use, vegetation preferences, impact on forest encroachment, and expected environmental changes.
3) The study focuses on the Highlanders' habitat use and intake of vegetation over a 10-week period in the Broekpolder, where Highlanders have freely grazed since 2012.
The document discusses the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) including its habitat, diet, predators, reproduction rates, lifespan, role in food chains and webs, and how stream and soil quality can affect white-tailed deer populations. It provides data on ideal levels of dissolved oxygen, pH, potash, nitrates, phosphorus, and pH in water and soil that support white-tailed deer. Poor water or soil quality could negatively impact food sources and drive deer away or cause deaths.
This document discusses different habitats including deserts, forests, rain forests, marine environments, and zoos. Forests cover 1/3 of the Earth and are dominated by trees, with precipitation distributed evenly throughout the year supporting animals like bears and deer. Marine habitats cover 75% of the Earth and support a vast diversity of plant and animal life ranging from microscopic to 100 foot whales. Zoos are man-made habitats that are important for recreation, education, wildlife conservation, and scientific studies.
This study examined the population densities of purple marsh crabs and cordgrass in three sites within South Carolina's ACE Basin estuary. Population surveys found varying densities of purple marsh crabs (6.67-25 burrows/m2) and cordgrass (219-270 stalks/m2) across sites. A correlational analysis showed a weak negative relationship between crab and cordgrass populations. Compared to an unhealthy marsh in Cape Cod, the ACE Basin sites showed equally healthy crab and cordgrass densities, suggesting crab overpopulation is not negatively impacting cordgrass there as was seen in Cape Cod. The study aims to establish a baseline of these populations for future monitoring.
The document discusses plants, trees, wildlife, and food sources for Māori. It describes several plants used for medicine, such as rangiora leaves, pepper plants, and kawakawa leaves. It also notes that moa were hunted for food until becoming extinct, and that the great eagle was a large predatory bird. The document outlines some key trees, including the kakaraka tree whose berries were poisonous inside, and cabbage trees whose leaves and taproots provided food.
The document describes a coniferous forest ecosystem, including average temperature and precipitation, location in the United States, and seasonal weather patterns. It defines producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers in the forest food chain. The document also mentions food webs, water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles operating within the forest ecosystem and identifies unsustainable tree cutting by the growing human population as a threat.
The Amazon Rainforest is being destroyed mainly through human settlement and development of the land, with over 580,000 km2 destroyed since 1980. This deforestation directly impacts the animals that rely on trees for food and shelter and the insects that depend on flowers for survival. Additionally, water pollution is worsening as logging degrades the forest, and by 2050 the shrinking rainforest may become a source of carbon emissions rather than absorbing carbon. Commonly called the "Lungs of the Earth", the Amazon supplies much of the planet's oxygen but is threatened if deforestation continues. While some improvements have been made, much more progress is still needed to protect this important ecosystem.
The bank vole is an invasive species introduced to Ireland in the 1920s from Germany. It has been spreading northward through Ireland and was recently observed as far north as County Mayo. This expansion provides more prey for birds like barn owls. The document also notes a single observation of a bank vole in Knockma woodland in north County Galway, which is further north than previously reported for the species' range. This adds to records of the bank vole's distribution in Ireland.
Temperate deciduous forests are characterized by trees that lose their leaves seasonally. Common trees include birch and oak, while animals include chipmunks, deer, and coyotes. These forests experience distinct seasons and are found worldwide. Pollution can accumulate in these ecosystems. Invasive species like the citrus long-horned beetle from Asia damage trees. Energy flows from plants and smaller prey eaten by larger predators like bears and cougars. Biotic relationships include mutualism between blackberry bushes and bees, commensalism between chipmunks and trees, and parasitism like bears eating fish. Succession occurs naturally after disturbances through regrowth from seeds and stumps. Predator-prey interactions include
The document discusses the uses and importance of tropical rainforests. It explains that rainforests help with water catchment by reducing surface runoff and filtering rainwater through trees and soil before it reaches reservoirs. Rainforests also play a key role in the oxygen cycle by absorbing carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. They are home to most of the world's plant and animal species and provide resources like food, medicine, and timber for human populations.
This document discusses developing a mixed silviculture system in Scotland using aspen and spruce trees. It notes that aspen is a resilient, nutrient-cycling species that could benefit soils depleted from past land use. Introducing aspen into commercial spruce plantations could increase soil quality, biodiversity, and landscape benefits. The document examines the natural spruce-aspen cycle and various silvicultural systems used in North America that integrate aspen and spruce, including underplanting aspen under mature spruce or planting aspen as a nurse crop before underplanting spruce. It argues this mixedwood approach could increase productivity over single-species stands in Scotland.
The document discusses the importance of forest ecosystems around the world. Forests act as the lungs of the planet by releasing oxygen and absorbing carbon, some forests are ancient and predate human civilizations, and all forests are vital for biodiversity as scientists continue to discover new species. Forests also provide habitat for both animals and indigenous human communities, and help protect the earth from desertification and erosion by shielding against winds.
There are 3 types of environmental adaptations: physiological adaptations like cactus spines preventing water loss and mangrove root salt expulsion; morphological adaptations such as bird courtship dances; and behavioral adaptations allowing organisms to reproduce. Organisms must adapt to changes in their physical and biological environments.
The chaparral biome is located along the western coast of the United States, southern South America, southwestern Australia, Spain, and parts of Africa. It consists of tangled shrubs and thorny bushes adapted to hot, dry summers and mild winters with nutrient-poor soils. Common plants include coyotes, jackrabbits, mule deer, and various lizards and toads. Periodic wildfires are an important part of maintaining the chaparral ecosystem.
Nap Wood is a small wooded area located 4 miles south of Tunbridge Wells, England that is managed by the National Trust using a "leave-alone" policy. The woodland ecosystem has 4 layers - an upper canopy of oak, beech, and other older trees; a lower canopy of younger trees; a shrub layer mostly consisting of holly; and a ground layer of mosses, flowers, brambles, and herbs. The National Trust's role is to protect the wood with minimal management, allowing fallen trees to decompose naturally and nutrients to cycle undisturbed.
Sparrow populations are declining due to loss of habitat, lack of food, pollution, deforestation, urbanization, and electromagnetic rays which disrupt ecological balance. Saving sparrows is important as they reduce diseases, aid pollination, and provide shelter and food for humans. On World Sparrow Day, people are inspired to conserve sparrows by minimizing pollution, cell towers, pesticides, and increasing awareness about sparrows and their importance.
AQA GCSE geography the living world: Nap Wood, an ecosystemWill Williams
Nap Wood is a small deciduous woodland ecosystem in southeast England that is managed by the National Trust with a "leave alone" policy. The ecosystem illustrates interrelationships as it contains a large food web with producers like trees and leaf litter, consumers like insects and birds, and decomposers in the soil that cycle nutrients. The food web stores are large throughout the year and peak seasons see large amounts of leaf litter in autumn and biomass from producers in spring and summer.
The document summarizes key aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the Philippines. It describes various freshwater lotic and lentic systems such as rivers, falls, lakes and springs. Marine ecosystems discussed include coral reefs, beaches, and deep sea trenches. Terrestrial ecosystems highlighted are tropical rainforests, which are among the richest in biodiversity, and include lowland dipterocarp forests and montane and mossy forests. A wide variety of bird, mammal and herp species are also noted.
An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between organisms and their environment. It includes biotic components like organisms and abiotic components like climate. Energy flows through food chains and webs. Ecosystems vary based on their biotic and abiotic factors. Major ecosystem types include terrestrial and aquatic, which are further divided by temperature, rainfall, and soil characteristics. Forests cover 20% of land and maintain ecological balance, containing plant and animal populations influenced by ecological factors.
Tropical rainforests experience hot and wet temperatures year-round, receiving over 4,000 mm of rainfall annually. The forests are home to an estimated 40-75% of the world's species, many of which have yet to be discovered. However, rainforests are being destroyed as land is cleared for commercial use, negatively impacting habitats and species. Deforestation reduces the rainforests' ability to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, potentially exacerbating global warming. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these vital ecosystems.
Peter Newman Presentation on the Cockburn Community Wildlife CorridorCockburnWild
Peter Newman presented at the Cockburn Community Wildlife Corridor public meeting that was held on the 12th of February 2017 at the Cockburn Wetlands Centre.
Jeder redet von Continuous Delivery, aber was macht eine gute Development-, Testing- und Delivery-Pipeline aus? Diese Session soll zeigen, welche Schritte nötig sind, um das Ziel Continuous Delivery zu erreichen. Neben Themen wie Update- und Roll-out-Strategie werden ebenso Crash Reports und Analytics-Möglichkeiten beleuchtet.
This study examined the population densities of purple marsh crabs and cordgrass in three sites within South Carolina's ACE Basin estuary. Population surveys found varying densities of purple marsh crabs (6.67-25 burrows/m2) and cordgrass (219-270 stalks/m2) across sites. A correlational analysis showed a weak negative relationship between crab and cordgrass populations. Compared to an unhealthy marsh in Cape Cod, the ACE Basin sites showed equally healthy crab and cordgrass densities, suggesting crab overpopulation is not negatively impacting cordgrass there as was seen in Cape Cod. The study aims to establish a baseline of these populations for future monitoring.
The document discusses plants, trees, wildlife, and food sources for Māori. It describes several plants used for medicine, such as rangiora leaves, pepper plants, and kawakawa leaves. It also notes that moa were hunted for food until becoming extinct, and that the great eagle was a large predatory bird. The document outlines some key trees, including the kakaraka tree whose berries were poisonous inside, and cabbage trees whose leaves and taproots provided food.
The document describes a coniferous forest ecosystem, including average temperature and precipitation, location in the United States, and seasonal weather patterns. It defines producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and decomposers in the forest food chain. The document also mentions food webs, water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles operating within the forest ecosystem and identifies unsustainable tree cutting by the growing human population as a threat.
The Amazon Rainforest is being destroyed mainly through human settlement and development of the land, with over 580,000 km2 destroyed since 1980. This deforestation directly impacts the animals that rely on trees for food and shelter and the insects that depend on flowers for survival. Additionally, water pollution is worsening as logging degrades the forest, and by 2050 the shrinking rainforest may become a source of carbon emissions rather than absorbing carbon. Commonly called the "Lungs of the Earth", the Amazon supplies much of the planet's oxygen but is threatened if deforestation continues. While some improvements have been made, much more progress is still needed to protect this important ecosystem.
The bank vole is an invasive species introduced to Ireland in the 1920s from Germany. It has been spreading northward through Ireland and was recently observed as far north as County Mayo. This expansion provides more prey for birds like barn owls. The document also notes a single observation of a bank vole in Knockma woodland in north County Galway, which is further north than previously reported for the species' range. This adds to records of the bank vole's distribution in Ireland.
Temperate deciduous forests are characterized by trees that lose their leaves seasonally. Common trees include birch and oak, while animals include chipmunks, deer, and coyotes. These forests experience distinct seasons and are found worldwide. Pollution can accumulate in these ecosystems. Invasive species like the citrus long-horned beetle from Asia damage trees. Energy flows from plants and smaller prey eaten by larger predators like bears and cougars. Biotic relationships include mutualism between blackberry bushes and bees, commensalism between chipmunks and trees, and parasitism like bears eating fish. Succession occurs naturally after disturbances through regrowth from seeds and stumps. Predator-prey interactions include
The document discusses the uses and importance of tropical rainforests. It explains that rainforests help with water catchment by reducing surface runoff and filtering rainwater through trees and soil before it reaches reservoirs. Rainforests also play a key role in the oxygen cycle by absorbing carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. They are home to most of the world's plant and animal species and provide resources like food, medicine, and timber for human populations.
This document discusses developing a mixed silviculture system in Scotland using aspen and spruce trees. It notes that aspen is a resilient, nutrient-cycling species that could benefit soils depleted from past land use. Introducing aspen into commercial spruce plantations could increase soil quality, biodiversity, and landscape benefits. The document examines the natural spruce-aspen cycle and various silvicultural systems used in North America that integrate aspen and spruce, including underplanting aspen under mature spruce or planting aspen as a nurse crop before underplanting spruce. It argues this mixedwood approach could increase productivity over single-species stands in Scotland.
The document discusses the importance of forest ecosystems around the world. Forests act as the lungs of the planet by releasing oxygen and absorbing carbon, some forests are ancient and predate human civilizations, and all forests are vital for biodiversity as scientists continue to discover new species. Forests also provide habitat for both animals and indigenous human communities, and help protect the earth from desertification and erosion by shielding against winds.
There are 3 types of environmental adaptations: physiological adaptations like cactus spines preventing water loss and mangrove root salt expulsion; morphological adaptations such as bird courtship dances; and behavioral adaptations allowing organisms to reproduce. Organisms must adapt to changes in their physical and biological environments.
The chaparral biome is located along the western coast of the United States, southern South America, southwestern Australia, Spain, and parts of Africa. It consists of tangled shrubs and thorny bushes adapted to hot, dry summers and mild winters with nutrient-poor soils. Common plants include coyotes, jackrabbits, mule deer, and various lizards and toads. Periodic wildfires are an important part of maintaining the chaparral ecosystem.
Nap Wood is a small wooded area located 4 miles south of Tunbridge Wells, England that is managed by the National Trust using a "leave-alone" policy. The woodland ecosystem has 4 layers - an upper canopy of oak, beech, and other older trees; a lower canopy of younger trees; a shrub layer mostly consisting of holly; and a ground layer of mosses, flowers, brambles, and herbs. The National Trust's role is to protect the wood with minimal management, allowing fallen trees to decompose naturally and nutrients to cycle undisturbed.
Sparrow populations are declining due to loss of habitat, lack of food, pollution, deforestation, urbanization, and electromagnetic rays which disrupt ecological balance. Saving sparrows is important as they reduce diseases, aid pollination, and provide shelter and food for humans. On World Sparrow Day, people are inspired to conserve sparrows by minimizing pollution, cell towers, pesticides, and increasing awareness about sparrows and their importance.
AQA GCSE geography the living world: Nap Wood, an ecosystemWill Williams
Nap Wood is a small deciduous woodland ecosystem in southeast England that is managed by the National Trust with a "leave alone" policy. The ecosystem illustrates interrelationships as it contains a large food web with producers like trees and leaf litter, consumers like insects and birds, and decomposers in the soil that cycle nutrients. The food web stores are large throughout the year and peak seasons see large amounts of leaf litter in autumn and biomass from producers in spring and summer.
The document summarizes key aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the Philippines. It describes various freshwater lotic and lentic systems such as rivers, falls, lakes and springs. Marine ecosystems discussed include coral reefs, beaches, and deep sea trenches. Terrestrial ecosystems highlighted are tropical rainforests, which are among the richest in biodiversity, and include lowland dipterocarp forests and montane and mossy forests. A wide variety of bird, mammal and herp species are also noted.
An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between organisms and their environment. It includes biotic components like organisms and abiotic components like climate. Energy flows through food chains and webs. Ecosystems vary based on their biotic and abiotic factors. Major ecosystem types include terrestrial and aquatic, which are further divided by temperature, rainfall, and soil characteristics. Forests cover 20% of land and maintain ecological balance, containing plant and animal populations influenced by ecological factors.
Tropical rainforests experience hot and wet temperatures year-round, receiving over 4,000 mm of rainfall annually. The forests are home to an estimated 40-75% of the world's species, many of which have yet to be discovered. However, rainforests are being destroyed as land is cleared for commercial use, negatively impacting habitats and species. Deforestation reduces the rainforests' ability to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, potentially exacerbating global warming. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these vital ecosystems.
Peter Newman Presentation on the Cockburn Community Wildlife CorridorCockburnWild
Peter Newman presented at the Cockburn Community Wildlife Corridor public meeting that was held on the 12th of February 2017 at the Cockburn Wetlands Centre.
Jeder redet von Continuous Delivery, aber was macht eine gute Development-, Testing- und Delivery-Pipeline aus? Diese Session soll zeigen, welche Schritte nötig sind, um das Ziel Continuous Delivery zu erreichen. Neben Themen wie Update- und Roll-out-Strategie werden ebenso Crash Reports und Analytics-Möglichkeiten beleuchtet.
B2 6 Other Peripherals and Extension Cardspapettas
Β2.6 Άλλες Περιφερειακές Συσκευές
Να αναγνωρίζουμε και να ονομάζουμε άλλες περιφερειακές συσκευές.
Να εντοπίζουμε τα κύρια χαρακτηριστικά άλλων περιφερειακών συσκευών.
El documento describe los pasos para realizar una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed sobre artículos relacionados con la prevención de la obesidad y el sobrepeso en niños y adolescentes. Los pasos incluyen analizar el tema, traducir los términos al lenguaje de indexación, desarrollar una estrategia de búsqueda y aplicar filtros para obtener artículos en español de los últimos 15 años. La búsqueda resultó en 32 artículos relevantes.
This document discusses moving average filters and their properties. It begins by defining the moving average filter equation and explaining that it operates by averaging neighboring points in the input signal. While simple, the moving average filter is optimal for reducing random noise while maintaining a sharp step response. It has poor performance in the frequency domain, however, with a slow roll-off and inability to separate frequencies. Relatives like multiple-pass moving average filters have slightly better frequency response at the cost of increased computation. The document provides examples and equations to illustrate the properties of moving average filters.
CRPS is a debilitating condition that is resistant to treatment and leads to chronic pain and functional impairment. Type 2 CRPS is associated with a nerve injury and may be amenable to surgical intervention.
A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo produto revolucionário que combina hardware, software e serviços em nuvem. O dispositivo é pequeno, portátil e oferece conectividade sem fio para acessar aplicativos e armazenamento na nuvem. A empresa espera que o novo produto impulsione o crescimento e ajude a expandir sua presença no mercado global de dispositivos móveis.
The South West region of Western Australia is located in the southwest corner of the state, with an area of 23,970 square kilometers and a population of around 123,000 people. It has a Mediterranean climate and is a biodiversity hotspot containing forests, woodlands, and shrublands. Native animals include kangaroos, wallabies, possums, and many endangered species, while the region's plants include banksias, dryandras, and waratahs. Major threats include bauxite mining, root disease that kills native vegetation, and introduced predators like foxes and cats.
Badlands National Park contains the world's richest deposits of fossils from the Oligocene epoch dating from 34-25 million years old. The park covers 244,000 acres of sharply eroded buttes, pinnacles, and spires, and is home to bison, bighorn sheep, swift fox, and the endangered black-footed ferret. Paleontologists have uncovered remains of ancient three-toed horses, tiny deer-like creatures, turtles, a saber-toothed cat, and dinosaur bones.
1- --Sea otters are native to the western cosst of North America- Betw.pdf101lightings
1. "*Sea otters are native to the western cosst of North America. Between 1750 and 1850 ,
hunting had reduced the population from hundreds of thousands to only one thousand
Individuals. In the early 1900 s, a small population of sea otters was discovered in Elkhorn
Slough, an estuary in central California near a large human population center. The otters were
then protected by the international fur seal treaty, which banned sea otter hunting. The sea otter
population has rebounded to nearly three thousand individuals today. Otters live in kelp forests
and eelgrass beds and feed on crabs and shellfish (Figure 1). Most herbivores in the habitat eat
algae that grows on the eelgrass and not the eelgrass itself. If there is too much algae, the
eelgrass does not receive enough light for photosynthesis. As the otter population has increased,
the eelgrass habitat has increased. Recently, however, scientists have noticed the presence of two
nonnative, predatory Invertebrate species that may be coloniaing the Elkhorn Slough, which
would have been too cold for them three decades ago. Scientists have also observed that otters in
the area are experiencing increased mortality because of an increase in harmful algal blooms,
which occur as a result of nutrient pollution. The harmful algae are ingested by shellfish, which
the otters eat. As otters were removed during the hunting years, there was a large decrease in the
catches of fish species from the eelgrass habitats. Which of the following best explains why this
decrease happened? a. Otters are a keystone species, so their disappearance from the area
affected the population size of one other species. b. Otters are a keystone species, so their
disappearance from the area resulted in the collapse of an entire community. c. Otters have
mutualistic relationships with many other specles, so thelr disappearance from the area affected
the population size of another species. d. Otters have mutualistic relationships with many other
species, so their disappearance from the area resulted in the collapse of an entire ecosystem. 2.
Explain your answer choice..
The document discusses restoration efforts at Poplar Creek Prairie to restore oak-hickory woodlands and increase the less than 0.1% of tallgrass prairie remaining in Illinois. It aims to protect plant species, insects, birds and mammals that are interdependent on the prairie ecosystem. Various areas of the prairie are described, including native prairie flower areas, oak-hickory woodlands, a glacial hill nature preserve, and bluebird houses designed to help the declining bluebird population. The prairie restoration efforts over 25 years have helped transform formerly farmed land into a diverse native habitat.
SVT and our partners at Harvard Conservation Trust, Town of Harvard, Littleton Conservation Trust, Town of Littleton, and Boxborough Conservation Trust held a BioBlitz at conservation lands in the three towns. These are just some of the species we observed.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION-converted (1).pdfakriti335173
This document discusses biodiversity at multiple levels ranging from genes to ecosystems. It notes that biodiversity is highest in the tropics due to greater evolutionary time and more stable environments. Species diversity decreases with increasing latitude away from the equator. While over 1.5 million species have been described, the actual number on Earth is estimated to be much higher. The main threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and coextinctions. Efforts are underway to conserve biodiversity through protected areas and genetic repositories.
Biodiversity and its conservation techniquesishitaRaval3
This document discusses biodiversity, which refers to the variety of life on Earth. It describes the three main types of biodiversity as genetic diversity within species, species diversity across ecosystems, and ecosystem diversity globally. Key points made include that India ranks high in biodiversity with over 45,000 plant and 91,000 animal species. Several biodiversity hotspots in India are highlighted, including the Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Sundaland, and Western Ghats regions. Major threats to biodiversity are habitat loss and degradation, poaching, and man-wildlife conflicts. The document concludes with an overview of important in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods used to preserve biodiversity.
Meeting presentation. 2011. Ecological Services of WeedsJohn Vickery
This document discusses the ecological services provided by weeds and non-native plants. It notes that while weeds are typically managed to reduce their negative impacts, they can also provide important benefits by providing food, shelter, nesting sites, and perching areas for native wildlife. The document explores various examples of wildlife utilizing weeds and recommends management modifications like altering the timing, intensity, proportion or scale of weed control activities to maintain these ecological services while still meeting management goals. The goal is to recognize and preserve the wildlife value weeds can provide through a "dual goals" approach to management.
Coast redwoods are among the oldest and tallest living things in the world. Some coast redwoods alive today were living 2,000 years ago. Coast redwoods once covered a much larger area but their range has been reduced to a narrow strip along the northern California and southern Oregon coast due to changes in climate. Major threats to the remaining ancient coast redwood forests include logging, development, and climate change. Coast redwood forests form a unique ecosystem that supports a high level of biodiversity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth at all levels, from genes to ecosystems. It can be measured in five levels: genetic diversity within species; species diversity within communities; community diversity within ecosystems; ecosystem diversity within biomes; and biome diversity across the planet. Species diversity has two components - species richness, which is the number of different species, and relative species abundance, which is the number of individuals of each species. Tropical rainforests generally have higher biodiversity than temperate regions due to factors like climate stability, habitat structure, competition and disturbance regimes.
New National Park at Nilpena, Flinders Ranges, South AustraliaLeisure Solutions®
As an exemplar of geodiversity in the Earth’s geological record, the Ediacaran fossil assemblage of the Flinders Ranges also celebrates the very birth of the Earth’s biodiversity.
As one of Australia’s most significant National Landscapes, the Flinders Ranges has the making of being also declared as another UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Foundation for National Parks and Wildlife (FNPW) with the Flinders Ranges Ediacara Foundation and the SA Government aims to create a new national park as a key core component of this vision - truly and outstanding geotourism destination for Australia.
Deer and elk populations have historically fluctuated in Oregon and Washington due to factors like overhunting and severe winters. These species prefer early seral forest habitat after disturbances for food and cover, though their dietary needs differ. Many other wildlife species also rely on early seral forests for various habitat structures and food sources. While deer and elk populations can indicate early seral forest quality, managing solely for these species would not meet all habitat needs for the diverse wildlife that depend on early seral forests.
11/2/2014
1
Community Ecology I
Stability, Resilience
WFC 10 – D. A. Kelt
A biological community is defined by the species that occupy a
particular locality and the interactions among those species.
A Primer of Conservation Biology, 3rd ed. R. B. Primack 2004
Community Ecology is the study of biological communities.
In what ways are communities organized, structured, predictable?
In what ways are they not?
Note the difference between “habitat” and “community.”
The former refers to a physical location,
whereas the latter refers to constituent species.
Many communities may appear very similar.
Coniferous Forest
near Mt. Rainier
central Oregon
King’s Canyon National Park
Sandy Desert
Sahara Desert
Simpson Desert (Australia)
Death Valley, California
Thus, there may be great variation
from point to point in these
communities
One major way in which they differ is
in composition – the particular species
that occur at a site.
Example: Burrowing
mammals
N. Amer. - Gopher
Asia - Zokor
Australia – Marsupial mole
S. Amer. – Tuco tuco
Africa – Mole rat
Ecologically similar species in different
regions with different evolutionary origins.
N. Amer. - Gopher
Asia - Zokor
Australia – Marsupial mole
S. Amer. – Tuco tuco
Africa – Mole rat
11/2/2014
2
Often true at smaller spatial scales as well . . .
Geomys
Eastern Pocket Gophers
Cratogeomys
Yellow-faced Pocket Gophers
Pappogeomys
Southern Pocket Gophers
Thomomys
Western Pocket Gophers
4 genera of North American
pocket gophers
From a conservation perspective we are interested in how
stable a community is in the face of anthropogenic abuses.
Stability – often portrayed in simple cartoon fashion as follows:
So, given all this variation, how are communities structured,
and how do they respond to disturbance?
Global Stability Local Stability
Stability may be measured by a community’s fluctuation over time.
Communities often remain stable over time.
However, they may be perturbed by some external force.
What happens then?
The American chestnut (Castanea dentata)
made up >40% of trees in mature eastern
deciduous forest.
Chestnut blight – introduced to New York City in ca. 1900
By 1950 only 1 remaining large tree in North America
What impact did this enormous loss have on
the biota of eastern North America?
Perhaps surprisingly, essentially no impact.
Eastern deciduous forests are very diverse – maples, oaks, hickories, catalpa, etc. Loss of American chestnut led to NO major changes in animal or plant communities.
Black bears may have suffered from loss of mast.
Thus, this was a relatively minor perturbation
from the perspective of the community – it
evidently shifted to a different local stable point.
Seven butterfly/moth species were specialists on
American chestnut, and have gone extinct.
Another 49 Lepidopterans simply shifted their hosts.
11/2/2014
3
Pollution – another
perturbation that can
result in ecological
deteriorat.
Our Endangered Texas Native: The Golden-Cheeked Warblercoawildlands
This presentation will summarize what biologists have discovered about the behavior and life history of the endangered Golden-cheeked Warbler. In particular, we will examine some preliminary insights gleaned from the first three years of intensive study involving the color-banding of Golden-cheeks on the Balcones Canyonlands Preserve.
1. The document outlines various statutory instruments that protect environmental values at Sydney Olympic Park, including threatened species, migratory birds, and their habitats.
2. Key threats to waterbirds and migratory shorebirds include inadequate habitat, mangrove encroachment, and disturbance from public access. Management strategies involve habitat restoration and limiting access during migration periods.
3. Woodland birds at the park face threats such as habitat loss and modification, and aggressive interactions with other bird species. Conservation efforts include removing weeds, planting diverse habitat, and increasing habitat connectivity.
The document discusses wildlife and conservation efforts in Pakistan. It provides information on the types of wildlife found in Pakistan, including 188 mammal species and 666 bird species. It then outlines several major threats facing Pakistani wildlife, such as habitat loss due to deforestation, agriculture, and urban growth. The document also describes Pakistan's national parks system and the 21 national parks established to protect the country's biodiversity and wildlife. It emphasizes that conservation is important to preserve Pakistan's biological heritage for future generations.
Lecture 3,4,5 are for threats of biodiversity. It's so easy to learn and present in class for students as well as teachers.so , follow me for more updates. Thank you
This document discusses biodiversity and conservation. It defines genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It describes patterns of biodiversity like latitudinal gradients and species-area relationships. Causes of biodiversity loss include habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and illegal introductions. Methods of conservation are also outlined, including protecting habitats through biosphere reserves and sacred groves, and ex situ conservation in zoos and botanical gardens.
Australia is shaped by its colonial legacy, vast Outback interior, and Great Barrier Reef. Aboriginal settlers arrived over 40,000 years ago, followed by British colonization in the 18th century who used Australia as a penal colony. Today most Australians live in urban southeast coastal areas, while the sparsely populated Outback interior covers much of the continent, which is home to unique flora and fauna like kangaroos and the world's largest coral reef.
Similar to Hans Lambers Presentation on the Cockburn Community Wildlife Corridor (20)
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Hans Lambers Presentation on the Cockburn Community Wildlife Corridor
1. Perth as a biodiversity hotspot:
linking reserves via wildlife
corridors
Hans Lambers
University of Western Australia
Utricularia menziesii, redcoats, a bird-pollinated carnivorous plant
Photo: Hans Lambers
2. ‘Isoflors’ for
biodiversity of the
southwest of WA,
home for 8,000 plant
species (a third of
Australia’s flora)
Hopper, S.D. & Gioia, P. 2004. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 35: 623-650.
3. Kings Park
Greater Brixton
Street Wetlands
Area (ha)
Plantdiversity
Tremendous plant diversity in the Greater Brixton
Street Wetlands, especially Alison Baird reserve, but
why is that?
6. • At least 385 native plant species on just 35 ha
• 2 Priority 1 species
• 4 Priority 2 species
• 14 Priority 3 species
• 8 Priority 4 species
• 11 Threatened plant species
• 3 Threatened Ecological Communities
– Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone of the Swan
Coastal Plain
– Claypans of the Swan Coastal plain
– Banksia Woodlands on the Swan Coastal Plain
• 71 weed species
Special features of Alison Baird Reserve
Source: Cate Tauss, unpublished
10. Weeds are obviously a problem, but I have very few photos
to show the 71 species that Cate Tauss identified
Photos: Hans Lambers
11. Alison Baird is just one example, but there are many
reserves of great conservation value in Perth,
including Beeliar Regional Park
Photos: Fiona Smith
12. Gardens and road verges can act as corridors for
wildlife, including threatened Carnaby’s Black
Cockatoos
Photos: Hans
Lambers
13. Gardens and road verges can act as corridors for wildlife,
including threatened Carnaby’s and Red-tailed Black
Cockatoos
Photos: Hans Lambers
14. Gardens and road verges can act as corridors for
wildlife
Photos: Hans Lambers