1. First Results from the High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer during the 2010 GRIP Hurricane Field Campaign Shannon Brown, Bjorn Lambrigtsen, Richard Denning, Boon Lim, Jordan Tanabe, Alan TannerJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Shannon.T.Brown@jpl.nasa.gov HAMSR Karl Karl Earl

2. JPL High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) Microwave radiometer for 3-D all-weather temperature and water vapor sounding, similar to AMSU on NOAA platform 25 sounding channels in three bands: 50-60 GHz, 118 GHz, 183 GHz Cross track scanning + 60o off nadir 65 km swath 1.9 km resolution JPL High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) 6 10 8 13 mm HAMSR PWV

3. Upgrades for Global Hawk Recently completed extensive upgrades for HAMSR in preparation for Global Hawk deployment under NASA AITT program AITT objective was to make a state of the art operational instrument State-of-the-art Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) added to 118 and 183 GHz receivers Data system upgraded to provide real time data access and on-board science processing Instrument re-packed into light-weight compact housing for deployment in forward bay of GH Perform detailed instrument calibration and characterization (Brown et al., TGRS, in press)

4. New 183 GHz Receiver Installed MIMRAM LNA developed by JPL under NASA ESTO ACT program into HAMSR 183 GHZ receivers Noise reduced by an order of magnitude Noise at 0.1-0.2K level will improve observation of small scale water vapor features Old HAMSR 183 GHz New UAV-HAMSR w/ 183 GHz LNA front end

5. cm cm

7. Improve understanding of tropical cyclone formation and intensification

10. 14 hours over storm

11. Strongest storm ever recorded in Bay of Campeche

12. Intensified at nearly double the rate considered as “rapid intensification”

13. Intensity forecast errors 2x greater the long term averageNHC TC Karl Report, Stewart 2011

14. Precipitation Structure

15. Thermodynamic Structure Composite images of limb corrected brightness temperature at 54.94 [250mb peak] and 55.5 GHz [150 mb peak] show most significant warming within a 30km radius of storm center

17. Peak warming at 250 mb level

18. The top of inversion layer, indicated by a minimum in qE, is observed around 700 mb

19. Moist air is observed below the inversion layer with drier air aloft Inner Core Thermodynamic Structure

22. 54.94 GHz 9/17 10:58 UTC 54.94 GHz 9/17 00:39 UTC 55.5 GHz 9/17 00:39 UTC 55.5 GHz 9/17 10:58 UTC AMSU Images from Univ. of Wisc-CIMSS

23. Time Evolution of Inner Temperature Warm anomaly propagated to lower levels as the storm intensified with the peak warm anomaly increasing by ~4C

24. Time Evolution of Inner Core Relative Humidity The relative humidity in the upper troposphere decreased as lower troposphere remained moist

25. Hurricane Karl 2010

27. Sensitivity between +5 to +6K/ms-1 and - 2.7 to -3.6K/mb

29. Level 1B product contains quality controlled, calibrated, geo-located brightness temperatures for the Earth scene

30. L1B files in netCDF format, ~500MB/24 hours

31. Over 120 hours total for 5 flights9/23

32. JPL GRIP Data Portal : http://grip.jpl.nasa.gov

34. Next mission will be HS3 – 2012-2014Flights begin Aug 25, 2011

36. HAMSR Development Timeline IIP-98 “High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer on a Remotely Piloted Aircraft” – Lambrigtsen (PI) 1998 2001: CAMEX-4 on ER2 ACT-05 “Miniature MMIC Low Mass/power Radiometer Modules for the 180 GHz GeoSTAR Array” - Kangaslahti (PI) 2005: TCSP on ER2 2006: NAMMA on DC-8 AITT-07 “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer for Atmospheric State Reconnaissance” - Lambrigtsen (PI) AIST-08 “Technology Infusion for the Real Time Mission Monitor - Goodman (PI) 2010: GRIP on Global Hawk 2011: WISPAR on Global Hawk 2012 2012-2014: HS-3 on Global Hawk

37. Tropical Cyclone Reconnaissance HAMSR on the Global Hawk is a powerful tool for monitoring the thermodynamic evolution of tropical cyclones when loitering near eye of storm for periods up to 24 hours Track intensity by observing warm core anomaly and 3-D precipitation structure Useful for validating satellite retrievals Long duration data also key for demonstrating geostationary microwave sounding science -> PATH mission

38. WISPAR Atmospheric Rivers Flights HAMSR real-time PWV data used to time release of dropsondes near atmospheric rivers Data available within 10-30 seconds of acquisition CLW PWV PWV

39. HAMSR GRIP Ground Data System Commanding Data downlink netCDF L1B files GHOC JPL Hurricane Portal HAMSR website quick look images RTMM HAMSR ground data processor

40. HAMSR RTMM Display for GRIP HAMSR software upgraded after GRIP to provide real-time imagery over Iridium Successfully tested during 2011 WISPAR campaign