This Cochrane review examines 8 randomized controlled trials comparing continuous versus intermittent beta-agonists for acute asthma. The review found that continuous beta-agonist treatment was associated with a 32% reduction in hospital admissions compared to intermittent treatment. Patients receiving continuous treatment also demonstrated small but statistically significant improvements in lung function tests. Continuous treatment was generally well-tolerated with no significant differences in side effects compared to intermittent treatment. The review concludes that current evidence supports the use of continuous beta-agonists in the emergency department for patients with severe acute asthma.
This review analyzes the use of darbepoetin, an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. The review found that darbepoetin was more effective than placebo at maintaining hemoglobin levels and reducing the need for blood transfusions. However, it also found an increased risk of hypertension and no difference in mortality compared to placebo or other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents like epoetin. The review concluded that darbepoetin can effectively treat anemia, but its risks need to be carefully considered.
Smoking cessation for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaGeorgi Daskalov
This review examines the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The review found evidence that a combination of psychosocial interventions (such as counseling and behavioral therapy) and pharmacological interventions (such as nicotine replacement therapy) is more effective for smoking cessation than no treatment or psychosocial interventions alone. However, the review concludes that there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions alone due to a lack of high-quality studies directly comparing psychosocial interventions to no treatment.
Formulation and evaluation of effect of different stabilizer at nanosuspensio...VIJAY SINGH
1. The study formulated and evaluated satranidazole nanosuspensions using different stabilizers to improve its solubility and dissolution rate.
2. Nanosuspensions were prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug content, and in vitro drug release.
3. Results showed that formulations with poloxamer stabilizers had smaller particle sizes around 400 nm, high zeta potentials, and significantly improved drug release profiles compared to the pure drug. Formulation N1 with poloxamer 188 showed the best performance with a t50% of 15 hours.
Determining the effects of novel benzodiazepine compounds on the ileum of a r...Ethan Lowe
The document describes a study that tested six novel benzodiazepine compounds to determine their pharmacological activity and effects on rat ileum tissue. The compounds differed from the original drug by having halogen substituents added to one of the benzene rings. All six compounds were found to be pharmacologically active, though they had varying degrees of efficacy. The position of the halogen substituent and its electronegativity did not affect drug activity. Additionally, the compounds did not appear to elicit their relaxation effects by binding to the translocator protein.
1) The document discusses changing the safety culture of a hospital by focusing efforts on enhancing staff awareness of patient and staff safety and quality from 2008 to 2011.
2) Key elements in changing culture included setting direction by establishing a vision and values, implementing policies and infrastructure like a patient safety program, and engaging staff through workshops and leadership.
3) Data shows improvements in reported safety incidents from 2007 to 2011 and increases in teamwork and safety climate survey scores, indicating progress in changing the hospital's safety culture over time.
Single rp hplc method for the quantification of aceclofenac, paracetamol and ...ijsidonlineinfo
This document describes a single RP-HPLC method for the quantification of aceclofenac, paracetamol, and chlorozoxazone in formulations. The method utilizes an Inertsil ODS 3V column with a mobile phase of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in a 67:33 ratio at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection at 275 nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and ruggedness. High resolution was achieved with retention times of 2.1 minutes for paracetamol, 8.8 minutes for chlorozoxazone, and 20.7 minutes for aceclofenac. The method provides a simple, validated approach
This document provides procedures for determining the content of active pharmaceutical ingredients including cetirizine hydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, cyproheptadine hydrochloride, and cyproheptadine syrup using techniques such as potentiometry, non-aqueous titration, liquid chromatography, and UV spectrometry. The principles and steps of each analytical method are described in detail along with calculations to determine the concentration of the active ingredient in tablets or other drug products. References used include the Indian Pharmacopoeia and Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis.
This Cochrane review examines 8 randomized controlled trials comparing continuous versus intermittent beta-agonists for acute asthma. The review found that continuous beta-agonist treatment was associated with a 32% reduction in hospital admissions compared to intermittent treatment. Patients receiving continuous treatment also demonstrated small but statistically significant improvements in lung function tests. Continuous treatment was generally well-tolerated with no significant differences in side effects compared to intermittent treatment. The review concludes that current evidence supports the use of continuous beta-agonists in the emergency department for patients with severe acute asthma.
This review analyzes the use of darbepoetin, an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. The review found that darbepoetin was more effective than placebo at maintaining hemoglobin levels and reducing the need for blood transfusions. However, it also found an increased risk of hypertension and no difference in mortality compared to placebo or other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents like epoetin. The review concluded that darbepoetin can effectively treat anemia, but its risks need to be carefully considered.
Smoking cessation for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaGeorgi Daskalov
This review examines the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The review found evidence that a combination of psychosocial interventions (such as counseling and behavioral therapy) and pharmacological interventions (such as nicotine replacement therapy) is more effective for smoking cessation than no treatment or psychosocial interventions alone. However, the review concludes that there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions alone due to a lack of high-quality studies directly comparing psychosocial interventions to no treatment.
Formulation and evaluation of effect of different stabilizer at nanosuspensio...VIJAY SINGH
1. The study formulated and evaluated satranidazole nanosuspensions using different stabilizers to improve its solubility and dissolution rate.
2. Nanosuspensions were prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug content, and in vitro drug release.
3. Results showed that formulations with poloxamer stabilizers had smaller particle sizes around 400 nm, high zeta potentials, and significantly improved drug release profiles compared to the pure drug. Formulation N1 with poloxamer 188 showed the best performance with a t50% of 15 hours.
Determining the effects of novel benzodiazepine compounds on the ileum of a r...Ethan Lowe
The document describes a study that tested six novel benzodiazepine compounds to determine their pharmacological activity and effects on rat ileum tissue. The compounds differed from the original drug by having halogen substituents added to one of the benzene rings. All six compounds were found to be pharmacologically active, though they had varying degrees of efficacy. The position of the halogen substituent and its electronegativity did not affect drug activity. Additionally, the compounds did not appear to elicit their relaxation effects by binding to the translocator protein.
1) The document discusses changing the safety culture of a hospital by focusing efforts on enhancing staff awareness of patient and staff safety and quality from 2008 to 2011.
2) Key elements in changing culture included setting direction by establishing a vision and values, implementing policies and infrastructure like a patient safety program, and engaging staff through workshops and leadership.
3) Data shows improvements in reported safety incidents from 2007 to 2011 and increases in teamwork and safety climate survey scores, indicating progress in changing the hospital's safety culture over time.
Single rp hplc method for the quantification of aceclofenac, paracetamol and ...ijsidonlineinfo
This document describes a single RP-HPLC method for the quantification of aceclofenac, paracetamol, and chlorozoxazone in formulations. The method utilizes an Inertsil ODS 3V column with a mobile phase of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in a 67:33 ratio at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection at 275 nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and ruggedness. High resolution was achieved with retention times of 2.1 minutes for paracetamol, 8.8 minutes for chlorozoxazone, and 20.7 minutes for aceclofenac. The method provides a simple, validated approach
This document provides procedures for determining the content of active pharmaceutical ingredients including cetirizine hydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, cyproheptadine hydrochloride, and cyproheptadine syrup using techniques such as potentiometry, non-aqueous titration, liquid chromatography, and UV spectrometry. The principles and steps of each analytical method are described in detail along with calculations to determine the concentration of the active ingredient in tablets or other drug products. References used include the Indian Pharmacopoeia and Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis.
The objective of the present study was to develop asimple, precise and accurate reversed-phase HPLC method and subsequent validation of the
same as per the ICH guidelines. The present study deals with the estimation by RP HPLC of two different drug components pseudoephedrine
hydrochloride (PSE) and cetirizine hydrochloride (CET) present in a tablet formulation.
The chromatographic separation of PSE and CET was done using phosphate buffer al
Loratadine is an antihistamine used to treat seasonal allergies by blocking histamine receptors. It is effective at reducing symptoms like runny nose, itchy eyes, and sneezing. Loratadine has few side effects, though rare ones can include irregular heartbeat, jaundice, seizures, fatigue and drowsiness. It was developed by Schering-Plough and approved by the FDA in 1993, later becoming available over-the-counter. Loratadine is also effective for treating hives which are also caused by histamine release.
This document outlines a 10 step marketing plan for Aforvir, an affordable antihistamine medication for children. The target market is physicians who treat allergies in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Aforvir will position itself as effective, affordable, and pleasant tasting compared to competitors. Key elements of the marketing plan include an emotional promotional campaign centered on reuniting children with pets, competitive pricing, and regular physician representative visits to promote Aforvir. The overall antihistamine market is valued at $116 million growing at 16% annually, and the goal is for Aforvir to gain a larger share through this marketing strategy.
Generic zyrtec – Better Option to Treat Dirt AllergyErin Bell
Suffering from dirt allergies ?? Specially infections because of climate change. Allergy medication like Generic Zyrtec will help you to get quick relief.
This document summarizes information about drugs that affect the upper respiratory system. It discusses the physiology of the upper respiratory system and common conditions like the common cold, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. It then describes several classes of drugs used to treat upper respiratory conditions, including antitussive drugs like dextromethorphan that suppress coughing, decongestants like pseudoephedrine that relieve nasal congestion, and antihistamines like fexofenadine that relieve allergy symptoms by blocking histamine. For each drug class and prototype drug, it covers pharmacology, nursing considerations, and patient education points.
Histamine is a chemical messenger that mediates allergic and inflammatory reactions. It is synthesized and stored in mast cells and basophils before being released in response to stimuli. Histamine binds to H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors, with the H1 and H2 receptors being clinically relevant drug targets. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions by blocking H1 receptors, and H2 receptor blockers inhibit gastric acid secretion. First-generation antihistamines have greater sedative and anticholinergic side effects than second-generation drugs due to interactions with other receptors.
The document discusses drugs used to treat respiratory conditions like the common cold, asthma, and COPD. It describes the actions and side effects of various classes of drugs including antihistamines, decongestants, expectorants, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and others. Treatment approaches are outlined for different severities of asthma using a stepwise approach beginning with short-acting bronchodilators and progressing to inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting bronchodilators, oral corticosteroids, and IV corticosteroids as needed.
Histamine is a chemical released during allergic reactions that causes symptoms like sneezing, itching, and runny nose. It works by binding to H1 receptors, especially in the nose, lungs, and skin. Antihistamines block this binding and relieve allergy symptoms. First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness by crossing the blood-brain barrier, while second-generation drugs like loratadine and fexofenadine mainly work in the periphery and have fewer side effects. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions, nausea, motion sickness, and other issues involving the H1 receptor.
Fisioterapia respiratoria toracica en neuminias en adultos.pdfJavierManriqueSoto1
This review analyzed 6 randomized controlled trials with 434 participants to evaluate the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults. The review found that chest physiotherapy did not improve mortality or cure rates compared to no treatment or placebo. However, osteopathic manipulative treatment and positive expiratory pressure reduced the duration of hospital stay compared to no treatment. Additionally, positive expiratory pressure reduced fever duration and osteopathic manipulative treatment reduced intravenous and total antibiotic treatment duration compared to placebo or no treatment. The review was limited by the small number and size of included studies.
This review analyzed 25 randomized controlled trials involving 2505 participants undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The trials compared pharmacological interventions (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, anticonvulsant analgesics) to inactive controls for postoperative pain management. The review found very low quality evidence that the interventions reduced pain scores at 4-8 and 9-24 hours, but effects on other outcomes like time to discharge and return to work were imprecise. No mortality was reported. The interventions provided only modest reductions in pain, so any decision to use them must consider the uncertain risks and benefits.
This Cochrane review examines the effectiveness of epinephrine (adrenaline) for treating bronchiolitis in infants. The review analyzed data from 25 studies with over 3000 participants. The review found that epinephrine did not significantly reduce admission rates, length of hospital stay, or improve clinical scores compared to placebo or other treatments like salbutamol. Epinephrine also did not significantly impact other outcomes like oxygen saturation levels or respiratory rates. The review concluded that epinephrine is not an effective treatment for bronchiolitis based on current evidence.
This review analyzed 7 randomized controlled trials involving 581 infants with mild to moderate acute viral bronchiolitis. The review found that nebulized 3% saline solution was associated with a shorter hospital stay compared to 0.9% saline. 3% saline also improved clinical severity scores over the first 3 days of treatment compared to 0.9% saline. No significant adverse events were reported with 3% saline.
This review analyzed 7 randomized controlled trials that evaluated the use of intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating acute asthma exacerbations in the emergency department. The studies involved a total of 665 patients. The review found that magnesium sulfate appears to be safe and may provide additional bronchodilation benefits for patients presenting with severe acute asthma, as shown by improved pulmonary function testing results. However, for all patients with acute asthma, the review did not find clear evidence that magnesium sulfate routinely reduces admission to the hospital or significantly improves outcomes beyond standard treatments.
This review assessed the effectiveness of electrotherapy for neck pain. Various forms of electrotherapy were evaluated including modulated galvanic current, iontophoresis, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), electromyostimulation (EMS), pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, and repetitive magnetic stimulation. The review found low quality evidence that some electrotherapies may provide small, short-term benefits for pain relief, but no conclusions could be drawn about long-term or functional outcomes.
Analgesia en el dolor abdominal agudo, articulo actualizado para los que quieren sustentar el manejo del dolor en este tipo de paciente. metanalisis de opiodes en dolor abdominal agudo de Cochrane 2011
This document summarizes a review of studies on nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. The review analyzed studies comparing NRT to non-use of NRT and comparing different types and administration methods of NRT. NRT was found to significantly increase smoking cessation rates compared to non-use. Various NRT delivery methods, including patches, gum, inhalers, and nasal spray, were evaluated alone and in combination. Higher doses and longer duration of therapy generally resulted in better outcomes.
This Cochrane review assessed the benefits and harms of non-surgical (chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy) versus surgical (oesophagectomy) treatment for people with esophageal cancer. The review included eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 1114 participants. The review found no difference in long-term mortality between chemoradiotherapy and surgery, but found higher long-term mortality with radiotherapy compared to surgery. The review also found no difference in long-term recurrence rates between non-surgical and surgical treatments. However, the evidence was of low to very low quality.
Sma12 4668: Clinical Drug Testing in Primary CareCannabisCare.Ca
This document provides guidance on clinical drug testing in primary care. It discusses the reasons drug testing can be useful in primary care settings, including monitoring prescription medication use, evaluating unexplained symptoms, and detecting substance use disorders. The document covers important terminology, different testing methods and matrices, considerations for selecting laboratory or point-of-care testing, how to prepare the clinical setting and staff, and how to discuss testing with patients while being culturally sensitive. The goal is to help primary care providers appropriately incorporate and utilize drug testing in their practices.
The document describes a review that aimed to determine if advising patients to increase fluid intake provides benefits or causes harm for treating acute respiratory infections. No randomized controlled trials on this topic were found. While increased fluids may help replace losses and thin mucus, it could also potentially cause hyponatremia. More research is needed to understand the effects of advising extra fluid intake for acute respiratory infections.
The objective of the present study was to develop asimple, precise and accurate reversed-phase HPLC method and subsequent validation of the
same as per the ICH guidelines. The present study deals with the estimation by RP HPLC of two different drug components pseudoephedrine
hydrochloride (PSE) and cetirizine hydrochloride (CET) present in a tablet formulation.
The chromatographic separation of PSE and CET was done using phosphate buffer al
Loratadine is an antihistamine used to treat seasonal allergies by blocking histamine receptors. It is effective at reducing symptoms like runny nose, itchy eyes, and sneezing. Loratadine has few side effects, though rare ones can include irregular heartbeat, jaundice, seizures, fatigue and drowsiness. It was developed by Schering-Plough and approved by the FDA in 1993, later becoming available over-the-counter. Loratadine is also effective for treating hives which are also caused by histamine release.
This document outlines a 10 step marketing plan for Aforvir, an affordable antihistamine medication for children. The target market is physicians who treat allergies in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Aforvir will position itself as effective, affordable, and pleasant tasting compared to competitors. Key elements of the marketing plan include an emotional promotional campaign centered on reuniting children with pets, competitive pricing, and regular physician representative visits to promote Aforvir. The overall antihistamine market is valued at $116 million growing at 16% annually, and the goal is for Aforvir to gain a larger share through this marketing strategy.
Generic zyrtec – Better Option to Treat Dirt AllergyErin Bell
Suffering from dirt allergies ?? Specially infections because of climate change. Allergy medication like Generic Zyrtec will help you to get quick relief.
This document summarizes information about drugs that affect the upper respiratory system. It discusses the physiology of the upper respiratory system and common conditions like the common cold, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. It then describes several classes of drugs used to treat upper respiratory conditions, including antitussive drugs like dextromethorphan that suppress coughing, decongestants like pseudoephedrine that relieve nasal congestion, and antihistamines like fexofenadine that relieve allergy symptoms by blocking histamine. For each drug class and prototype drug, it covers pharmacology, nursing considerations, and patient education points.
Histamine is a chemical messenger that mediates allergic and inflammatory reactions. It is synthesized and stored in mast cells and basophils before being released in response to stimuli. Histamine binds to H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors, with the H1 and H2 receptors being clinically relevant drug targets. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions by blocking H1 receptors, and H2 receptor blockers inhibit gastric acid secretion. First-generation antihistamines have greater sedative and anticholinergic side effects than second-generation drugs due to interactions with other receptors.
The document discusses drugs used to treat respiratory conditions like the common cold, asthma, and COPD. It describes the actions and side effects of various classes of drugs including antihistamines, decongestants, expectorants, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and others. Treatment approaches are outlined for different severities of asthma using a stepwise approach beginning with short-acting bronchodilators and progressing to inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting bronchodilators, oral corticosteroids, and IV corticosteroids as needed.
Histamine is a chemical released during allergic reactions that causes symptoms like sneezing, itching, and runny nose. It works by binding to H1 receptors, especially in the nose, lungs, and skin. Antihistamines block this binding and relieve allergy symptoms. First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness by crossing the blood-brain barrier, while second-generation drugs like loratadine and fexofenadine mainly work in the periphery and have fewer side effects. Antihistamines are used to treat allergic conditions, nausea, motion sickness, and other issues involving the H1 receptor.
Fisioterapia respiratoria toracica en neuminias en adultos.pdfJavierManriqueSoto1
This review analyzed 6 randomized controlled trials with 434 participants to evaluate the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults. The review found that chest physiotherapy did not improve mortality or cure rates compared to no treatment or placebo. However, osteopathic manipulative treatment and positive expiratory pressure reduced the duration of hospital stay compared to no treatment. Additionally, positive expiratory pressure reduced fever duration and osteopathic manipulative treatment reduced intravenous and total antibiotic treatment duration compared to placebo or no treatment. The review was limited by the small number and size of included studies.
This review analyzed 25 randomized controlled trials involving 2505 participants undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The trials compared pharmacological interventions (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, anticonvulsant analgesics) to inactive controls for postoperative pain management. The review found very low quality evidence that the interventions reduced pain scores at 4-8 and 9-24 hours, but effects on other outcomes like time to discharge and return to work were imprecise. No mortality was reported. The interventions provided only modest reductions in pain, so any decision to use them must consider the uncertain risks and benefits.
This Cochrane review examines the effectiveness of epinephrine (adrenaline) for treating bronchiolitis in infants. The review analyzed data from 25 studies with over 3000 participants. The review found that epinephrine did not significantly reduce admission rates, length of hospital stay, or improve clinical scores compared to placebo or other treatments like salbutamol. Epinephrine also did not significantly impact other outcomes like oxygen saturation levels or respiratory rates. The review concluded that epinephrine is not an effective treatment for bronchiolitis based on current evidence.
This review analyzed 7 randomized controlled trials involving 581 infants with mild to moderate acute viral bronchiolitis. The review found that nebulized 3% saline solution was associated with a shorter hospital stay compared to 0.9% saline. 3% saline also improved clinical severity scores over the first 3 days of treatment compared to 0.9% saline. No significant adverse events were reported with 3% saline.
This review analyzed 7 randomized controlled trials that evaluated the use of intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating acute asthma exacerbations in the emergency department. The studies involved a total of 665 patients. The review found that magnesium sulfate appears to be safe and may provide additional bronchodilation benefits for patients presenting with severe acute asthma, as shown by improved pulmonary function testing results. However, for all patients with acute asthma, the review did not find clear evidence that magnesium sulfate routinely reduces admission to the hospital or significantly improves outcomes beyond standard treatments.
This review assessed the effectiveness of electrotherapy for neck pain. Various forms of electrotherapy were evaluated including modulated galvanic current, iontophoresis, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), electromyostimulation (EMS), pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, and repetitive magnetic stimulation. The review found low quality evidence that some electrotherapies may provide small, short-term benefits for pain relief, but no conclusions could be drawn about long-term or functional outcomes.
Analgesia en el dolor abdominal agudo, articulo actualizado para los que quieren sustentar el manejo del dolor en este tipo de paciente. metanalisis de opiodes en dolor abdominal agudo de Cochrane 2011
This document summarizes a review of studies on nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. The review analyzed studies comparing NRT to non-use of NRT and comparing different types and administration methods of NRT. NRT was found to significantly increase smoking cessation rates compared to non-use. Various NRT delivery methods, including patches, gum, inhalers, and nasal spray, were evaluated alone and in combination. Higher doses and longer duration of therapy generally resulted in better outcomes.
This Cochrane review assessed the benefits and harms of non-surgical (chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy) versus surgical (oesophagectomy) treatment for people with esophageal cancer. The review included eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 1114 participants. The review found no difference in long-term mortality between chemoradiotherapy and surgery, but found higher long-term mortality with radiotherapy compared to surgery. The review also found no difference in long-term recurrence rates between non-surgical and surgical treatments. However, the evidence was of low to very low quality.
Sma12 4668: Clinical Drug Testing in Primary CareCannabisCare.Ca
This document provides guidance on clinical drug testing in primary care. It discusses the reasons drug testing can be useful in primary care settings, including monitoring prescription medication use, evaluating unexplained symptoms, and detecting substance use disorders. The document covers important terminology, different testing methods and matrices, considerations for selecting laboratory or point-of-care testing, how to prepare the clinical setting and staff, and how to discuss testing with patients while being culturally sensitive. The goal is to help primary care providers appropriately incorporate and utilize drug testing in their practices.
The document describes a review that aimed to determine if advising patients to increase fluid intake provides benefits or causes harm for treating acute respiratory infections. No randomized controlled trials on this topic were found. While increased fluids may help replace losses and thin mucus, it could also potentially cause hyponatremia. More research is needed to understand the effects of advising extra fluid intake for acute respiratory infections.
This review evaluated 5 studies involving 329 participants that compared ketamine, memantine, and cytidine to placebo for the treatment of depression in bipolar disorder. The review found limited evidence that a single intravenous dose of ketamine may be more effective than placebo at improving response rates up to 24 hours. However, ketamine did not demonstrate better efficacy for remission of bipolar depression. Memantine and cytidine did not show any benefits over placebo. Overall, conclusions were limited by the small amount of data available. Larger studies are still needed to determine if glutamate receptor modulators may help treat depression in bipolar disorder.
Second or third additional chemotherapy drug for non-small cell lung cancer i...James Hilbert
This Cochrane review evaluated 65 randomized controlled trials with over 13,000 patients to determine the clinical benefit of adding additional chemotherapy drugs to treatment regimens for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The review found that adding a second drug to a single-agent chemotherapy regimen improved tumor response rates and one-year survival rates. Adding a third drug to a two-drug chemotherapy regimen increased tumor response rates but did not improve one-year survival rates and was associated with higher toxicity.
This systematic review evaluated the effects of glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide treatment for paraquat-induced lung fibrosis based on three randomized controlled trials with a total of 164 participants. The review found that patients receiving glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide in addition to standard care had a lower risk of death at final follow-up compared to those receiving standard care alone, with a risk ratio of 0.72 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.89). Based on these findings, the authors concluded that glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide may provide a beneficial treatment for patients with paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. However, they noted that the studies were small and one was of low quality, so the benefits need
This Cochrane review evaluated the effectiveness and safety of 5-FU topical treatment for genital warts in non-immunocompromised individuals. The review included 6 trials with 988 patients comparing 5-FU to placebo, meta-cresol-sulfonic acid, podophylin, CO2 laser, 5-FU + INFα-2a, and combination treatments. The review found that 5-FU showed better cure rates than placebo, meta-cresol-sulfonic acid, and podophylin. There were no differences in treatment failure between 5-FU and CO2 laser. Poorer results were seen for 5-FU compared to 5-FU + INFα-2a (high
Smoking cessation for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaGeorgi Daskalov
This review examines the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The review found evidence that a combination of psychosocial interventions (such as counseling and behavioral therapy) and pharmacological interventions (such as nicotine replacement therapy) is more effective for smoking cessation than no treatment or psychosocial interventions alone. However, the review concludes that there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions alone due to a lack of high-quality studies directly comparing psychosocial interventions to no treatment.
This review evaluated the effectiveness of Chinese medicinal herbs for treating influenza. Two small studies with 1012 total participants were included. One study found that Ganmao capsules were more effective than amantadine at reducing influenza symptoms and speeding recovery. The other study found no significant differences between E Shu You and ribavirin for treating influenza or adverse reactions. However, the evidence was deemed too weak to support or reject the use of Chinese herbs due to the poor methodological quality of the included studies. Larger, higher quality studies are still needed.
This Cochrane review analyzed 13 randomized controlled trials involving 5,686 intensive care patients to compare outcomes for patients managed with or without a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC). The review found no significant differences in mortality, length of stay in the intensive care unit or hospital, or hospital costs between patients managed with or without a PAC. While PACs provide diagnostic information, the review concluded they did not significantly impact these important patient outcomes when used in general intensive care patients or high-risk surgery patients.
Similar to H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock (Review) (20)
2006 a space oddity – the great pluto debate science _ the guardianGeorgi Daskalov
Long known as the ninth planet, Pluto was downgraded in 2006, sparking a scientific spat that raises basic questions about how we understand the universe
The document discusses Google tools that can be used to find relevant consumer insights for RFPs, creative briefs, and content strategies. It describes YouTube Analytics, Google Consumer Surveys, Google Trends, Google Correlate, which can provide fast focus group data, test consumer insights, uncover growing and declining interests, and find related search trends. These tools allow accessing larger samples of data faster and more cost-effectively than traditional market research methods to better inform marketing strategies.
Getting cytisine licensed for use world-wide: a call to actionGeorgi Daskalov
Most tobacco users live in low and middle income countries where stop smoking medicines are unavailable or unaffordable. There is an urgent need for action by key stakeholders to get cytisine licensed worldwide so that its life-saving potential can be realised.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of tribulus terrestris in male sexual d...Georgi Daskalov
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of tribulus terrestris in male sexual dysfunction – a prospective, randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial 2015 poster
This document summarizes national trends in prescription drug expenditures in the United States for 2015 and provides projections for 2016. Key findings include:
- Total US prescription drug sales in 2015 were $419.4 billion, an 11.7% increase over 2014. Spending in clinics and non-federal hospitals increased 15.9% and 10.7%, respectively.
- Growth in overall spending was driven primarily by price increases for existing drugs (8.4%), with new drugs (2.7%) and changes in drug usage (0.5%) also contributing. Hospital spending growth was mainly from price increases, while clinic growth was mostly from increased drug usage.
- Projections estimate an 11-13%
This document discusses how pharmaceutical companies can improve clinical development and manufacturing processes through product lifecycle management (PLM). It identifies 7 key business processes for transforming R&D operations: 1) drug development program management, 2) regulatory archive management, 3) clinical trial management, 4) scale-up and commercial manufacturing, 5) quality management, 6) packaging and marketing asset management, and 7) global product registration. Implementing PLM using Oracle's solutions can deliver ROI by improving productivity, reducing time to market, and lowering development costs.
This document discusses the therapeutic index of antihistamines, which is defined as the benefit-to-risk ratio or efficacy-to-safety ratio that determines the range of doses where a drug is effective and safe. While second-generation antihistamines have similar efficacy for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, they differ in their safety profiles and therapeutic indices. Fexofenadine has one of the broadest therapeutic indices, having been shown to be effective at doses as low as 20 mg twice daily and not causing sedation or cardiac toxicity at doses as high as 690 mg twice daily. A broad therapeutic index is important considering potential drug interactions and situations where patients increase their dose in search of
Extreme trans neptunian objects and the kozai mechanismGeorgi Daskalov
This document summarizes a study examining the possibility of undiscovered planets beyond Neptune based on the discovery of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs). The study finds:
1) There is an observational bias that most ETNOs would be discovered at declinations of -24 to 24 degrees, regardless of survey completeness.
2) The clustering of the arguments of perihelion of known ETNOs near 0 degrees cannot be explained by observational biases and suggests the influence of an unseen planetary perturber.
3) The distributions of orbital parameters of known ETNOs show clustering that resembles mean motion resonances and families influenced by planetary perturbations, providing further evidence for one or more undis
Some In Vitro/In Vivo Chemically-Induced Experimental Models of Liver Oxidati...Georgi Daskalov
This review article summarizes several experimental models used to study liver oxidative stress and injury in rats, including those induced by carbon tetrachloride, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, ethanol, paracetamol, and nicotine. The models are described as involving the generation of reactive oxygen species that cause lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, and damage to cellular proteins and DNA, leading to effects like increased membrane permeability and cell death. Specifically, the models examine how these compounds are metabolized to produce radicals that can induce oxidative stress in the liver and hepatocytes.
This document provides information and instructions for EEA-qualified pharmacists applying for recognition as a pharmacist in Great Britain by the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). The GPhC is the regulatory body that oversees pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in Great Britain. Applicants must submit documentation including proof of qualifications, identity, nationality, registration status in their home country, and fees. Required documents include diplomas, licenses, passport, birth certificate, marriage certificate if applicable, police records, and letters from authorities confirming standing and compliance with EU directives. Photographs must be certified by a professional acquaintance. All documents may require certified English translations. The process is expected to take one month, after which eligible applicants will receive a
Pharmaceutical marketing to healthcare providers provides information on new treatment options, but it is only one of many factors that influence prescribing decisions. Surveys find clinical knowledge, patient factors, and insurance policies have greater impacts. Approximately 67% of US prescriptions are for generic drugs, much higher than other countries. While representatives provide information, prescribing is shaped more by clinical guidelines, peers, formularies, and insurers' prior authorization requirements than representative interactions.
Product lifecycle management in the pharmaceutical industryGeorgi Daskalov
Pharmaceutical companies face pressure to improve product pipelines, accelerate time to market, and improve margins on existing products, while maintaining strict regulatory compliance. A comprehensive product lifecycle management (PLM) solution can help address these challenges by providing visibility and control across the entire drug development process from discovery through commercialization. PLM focuses on leveraging research and development efforts to efficiently develop new drugs and move them through the various phases of the drug lifecycle from the different internal and external functions involved. This allows for improved collaboration and management of changes to optimize profitability throughout the drug's economic life.
The document discusses various topics related to economics, politics, and society around the world. It mentions different countries, currencies, trade agreements, and political leaders. It also references challenges and opportunities facing certain industries. However, most of the information is garbled or unclear due to the formatting and characters used.
The document discusses various topics related to economics, politics, and society around the world. It mentions different countries, currencies, trade agreements, and political leaders. It also references challenges and opportunities facing certain industries. However, most of the information is garbled or unclear due to the formatting issues.
Health-care interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation: a review o...Georgi Daskalov
This document reviews the efficacy, effectiveness, and affordability of healthcare interventions for tobacco cessation. It finds that brief advice from healthcare workers can promote smoking cessation and is affordable globally. Telephone and text support programs and printed materials can assist with quit attempts and are globally affordable. Face-to-face behavioral support increases quit rates for cigarettes and smokeless tobacco and is affordable in middle- and high-income countries. Several medications can aid quitting when combined with behavioral support, with cytisine and nortriptyline being globally affordable. Brief advice, telephone/text support, self-help materials, cytisine, and nortriptyline are identified as globally affordable tobacco cessation interventions.
The document discusses regulations around access to and classification of medicines in the UK and Europe. It describes three categories of medicines in the UK - prescription only medicines (POM), pharmacy medicines (P), and general sales list medicines (GSL). POM medicines require a prescription, P medicines can only be sold under pharmacy supervision, and GSL medicines can be sold in any retail outlet. There has been a trend of increasing medicines moving from POM to P to GSL status, making them more accessible over the counter without a prescription. This deregulation aims to empower consumers, improve access, and reduce costs, but must balance this with safety and professional oversight.
Acute activation, desensitization and smoldering activation of human acetylch...Georgi Daskalov
This study examined the acute activation and chronic desensitization of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) containing α4β2, α3β4, and α7 subunits by nicotine and other nicotinic agonists. It found that nicotine causes "smoldering activation" of α4β2 AChRs at concentrations found in smokers, but higher concentrations are needed for α3β4 and α7 AChRs. Sazetidine-A selectively activates and desensitizes the (α4β2)2β2 stoichiometry of the α4β2 AChR. The study defines the concentration ranges over which different agonists can sustain smolder
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.