This document summarizes a review of studies on nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. The review analyzed studies comparing NRT to non-use of NRT and comparing different types and administration methods of NRT. NRT was found to significantly increase smoking cessation rates compared to non-use. Various NRT delivery methods, including patches, gum, inhalers, and nasal spray, were evaluated alone and in combination. Higher doses and longer duration of therapy generally resulted in better outcomes.
Nicotine
Nicotine is a drug found naturally in tobacco, which is as addictive as heroin or cocaine.
Over time, a person becomes physically dependent on and emotionally addicted to
nicotine. This physical dependence causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when you
try to quit. The emotional and mental dependence (addiction) make it hard to stay away
from nicotine after you quit. Studies have shown that to quit and stay quit, smokers must
deal with both the physical and mental dependence.
This document discusses several novel nicotine products that have entered the market, including nicotinis
(martinis with tobacco juice), nicotine lollipops, nicotine wafers, and nicotine water. It raises concerns that
unlike FDA-approved nicotine cessation products, the safety and effectiveness of these novel products is
unknown since they have not undergone necessary clinical trials and FDA approval. The document advises
tobacco users to follow the guidelines of health experts and use proven FDA-approved cessation methods
if wanting to quit.
Major tobacco-related-events-in-the-united-statesGeorgi Daskalov
This document provides a summary of major tobacco-related events in the United States from World War II to the 1980s. It outlines key milestones such as the first studies linking smoking to cancer in the 1950s, the 1964 Surgeon General's report that concluded smoking causes disease, restrictions on tobacco advertising and the introduction of warning labels on cigarette packs. It also discusses tobacco industry efforts to downplay health risks and market "safer" cigarettes while nicotine levels increased. The summary covers events that increased public awareness of tobacco's dangers and early policies to regulate tobacco use.
This document provides background information and details of proposed regulations to introduce a minimum age of sale of 18 years for nicotine inhaling products such as electronic cigarettes in England and Wales. It outlines the rationale for the regulations to protect children from nicotine addiction and potential gateway effects. The proposed regulations would make it an offence to sell nicotine inhaling products to those under 18 and extend tobacco proxy purchasing offences to e-cigarettes. Exemptions are included for medicinal nicotine products prescribed to or indicated for those under 18. Views are sought on the draft regulations and their potential impact.
This document outlines plans for new legislation in Ireland to further regulate the sale of tobacco products and nicotine delivery systems like e-cigarettes. The goals are to reduce smoking rates, especially among youth, and create a tobacco licensing system. It discusses the health impacts of smoking and rising use of e-cigarettes. The legislation would license tobacco/e-cigarette sellers, ban certain sales methods, and set penalties for violations. Views are sought on measures to draft the new bill.
This document describes the methodology used to examine the availability, accessibility, usage and regulatory environment of novel and emerging tobacco, nicotine, and related products in the EU. The study involved a two-stage evidence review, key informant interviews, and a stakeholder survey. In the first stage, the researchers developed a typology of products by comprehensively searching various information sources. This typology guided a second, more targeted evidence review. Key findings of the evidence review, interviews, and survey are presented in subsequent chapters, with conclusions and options for addressing regulatory gaps discussed in the final chapter. The overall aim was to inform a possible revision of the EU Tobacco Products Directive.
Accessories are added to surfaces and objects to make them more useful, attractive, or versatile. Accessories should be used sparingly and in a coordinated style or color scheme. During refurbishment or renovation of a property, housekeeping plays an important role in preparing rooms by removing furniture and accessories, deep cleaning, and replacing items after work is completed. When accommodating guests with disabilities, properties must provide accessible rooms, transportation, registration areas, and amenities like grab bars, appropriately sized bathrooms, and communication devices for hearing impaired guests.
1) This document discusses electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as electronic cigarettes, which have attracted regulatory challenges. It notes the lack of research on their harmfulness compared to cigarettes and lack of manufacturing oversight.
2) Regulatory approaches to ENDS vary between countries, with some banning them, others requiring regulatory approval as drugs/devices, and others regulating as tobacco. The document examines considerations around product harmfulness, marketing, and integrating regulatory systems for tobacco and pharmaceutical nicotine products.
3) It concludes by recommending parties carefully monitor ENDS sales and promotions, apply relevant legislation to classify and regulate them, and not refer the issue to the Article 9/10 working group due to the regulatory difficulties
Nicotine
Nicotine is a drug found naturally in tobacco, which is as addictive as heroin or cocaine.
Over time, a person becomes physically dependent on and emotionally addicted to
nicotine. This physical dependence causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when you
try to quit. The emotional and mental dependence (addiction) make it hard to stay away
from nicotine after you quit. Studies have shown that to quit and stay quit, smokers must
deal with both the physical and mental dependence.
This document discusses several novel nicotine products that have entered the market, including nicotinis
(martinis with tobacco juice), nicotine lollipops, nicotine wafers, and nicotine water. It raises concerns that
unlike FDA-approved nicotine cessation products, the safety and effectiveness of these novel products is
unknown since they have not undergone necessary clinical trials and FDA approval. The document advises
tobacco users to follow the guidelines of health experts and use proven FDA-approved cessation methods
if wanting to quit.
Major tobacco-related-events-in-the-united-statesGeorgi Daskalov
This document provides a summary of major tobacco-related events in the United States from World War II to the 1980s. It outlines key milestones such as the first studies linking smoking to cancer in the 1950s, the 1964 Surgeon General's report that concluded smoking causes disease, restrictions on tobacco advertising and the introduction of warning labels on cigarette packs. It also discusses tobacco industry efforts to downplay health risks and market "safer" cigarettes while nicotine levels increased. The summary covers events that increased public awareness of tobacco's dangers and early policies to regulate tobacco use.
This document provides background information and details of proposed regulations to introduce a minimum age of sale of 18 years for nicotine inhaling products such as electronic cigarettes in England and Wales. It outlines the rationale for the regulations to protect children from nicotine addiction and potential gateway effects. The proposed regulations would make it an offence to sell nicotine inhaling products to those under 18 and extend tobacco proxy purchasing offences to e-cigarettes. Exemptions are included for medicinal nicotine products prescribed to or indicated for those under 18. Views are sought on the draft regulations and their potential impact.
This document outlines plans for new legislation in Ireland to further regulate the sale of tobacco products and nicotine delivery systems like e-cigarettes. The goals are to reduce smoking rates, especially among youth, and create a tobacco licensing system. It discusses the health impacts of smoking and rising use of e-cigarettes. The legislation would license tobacco/e-cigarette sellers, ban certain sales methods, and set penalties for violations. Views are sought on measures to draft the new bill.
This document describes the methodology used to examine the availability, accessibility, usage and regulatory environment of novel and emerging tobacco, nicotine, and related products in the EU. The study involved a two-stage evidence review, key informant interviews, and a stakeholder survey. In the first stage, the researchers developed a typology of products by comprehensively searching various information sources. This typology guided a second, more targeted evidence review. Key findings of the evidence review, interviews, and survey are presented in subsequent chapters, with conclusions and options for addressing regulatory gaps discussed in the final chapter. The overall aim was to inform a possible revision of the EU Tobacco Products Directive.
Accessories are added to surfaces and objects to make them more useful, attractive, or versatile. Accessories should be used sparingly and in a coordinated style or color scheme. During refurbishment or renovation of a property, housekeeping plays an important role in preparing rooms by removing furniture and accessories, deep cleaning, and replacing items after work is completed. When accommodating guests with disabilities, properties must provide accessible rooms, transportation, registration areas, and amenities like grab bars, appropriately sized bathrooms, and communication devices for hearing impaired guests.
1) This document discusses electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as electronic cigarettes, which have attracted regulatory challenges. It notes the lack of research on their harmfulness compared to cigarettes and lack of manufacturing oversight.
2) Regulatory approaches to ENDS vary between countries, with some banning them, others requiring regulatory approval as drugs/devices, and others regulating as tobacco. The document examines considerations around product harmfulness, marketing, and integrating regulatory systems for tobacco and pharmaceutical nicotine products.
3) It concludes by recommending parties carefully monitor ENDS sales and promotions, apply relevant legislation to classify and regulate them, and not refer the issue to the Article 9/10 working group due to the regulatory difficulties
This document discusses tobacco control and prevention policies recommended by the American College of Physicians. It provides background on the health and economic impacts of tobacco use. Key points include:
- Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the US. Comprehensive tobacco control programs are needed to reduce smoking rates.
- The FDA was given authority in 2009 to regulate tobacco, but regulation alone is not enough. States must fund tobacco control efforts and increase tobacco taxes.
- Smokeless tobacco and cigars also harm health. Secondhand smoke exposure causes illness and death in nonsmokers.
The 7Tips of entering Japanese market for tech startups拓弥 宮田
This is the deck for my presentation at Japan Society event ( http://www.usajapan.org/event/big-in-japan-tak-miyata-founding-partner-scrum-ventures-how-silicon-valley-startups-can-enter-asian-markets/ )
This is to introduce "7 Tips" of entering the Japanese market for tech startups.
The UK government will regulate e-cigarettes and other nicotine containing products as medicines beginning in 2016 to ensure safety and quality. This decision aligns with proposed European regulation and manufacturers will have until 2016 to obtain licenses for their products, though they can seek licenses earlier. Regulating these products as medicines means high quality products can support smokers to reduce and quit smoking. Licensed products will be available over the counter or by prescription through the NHS and can be advertised like other medicines.
The document provides information about smokeless tobacco fact sheets prepared for a conference on smokeless tobacco. It includes an introduction stating that smokeless tobacco has existed for thousands of years and is consumed orally or nasally without burning. It causes cancer and other health issues. The fact sheets cover various smokeless tobacco products from different regions of the world and provide information on brand names, ingredients, use, users, and manufacturing. Additional information is welcomed for developing future editions of the fact sheets.
This document discusses updates in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. It defines osteoporosis as a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone structure. Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures, with vertebral fractures being the most common. It can lead to pain, disability, and increased mortality. An estimated 8 million women and 2.5 million men in the US have osteoporosis, and these numbers are expected to increase by 40% by 2020. Osteoporosis poses a significant economic burden and reduces quality of life. Advances have been made in assessing fracture risk levels based on 10-year probability in addition to bone mineral density scores. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications
Este documento describe brevemente la anatomía de la cara y los músculos faciales. Explica la ubicación, origen, inserción e inervación de músculos como el epicraneano, corrugador de la ceja, procero, orbicular del ojo, nasal, elevador del labio superior y del ala de la nariz, cigomático mayor y menor, risorio y elevador del ángulo de la boca. También incluye imágenes ilustrativas y da instrucciones para pruebas musculares faciales.
Haiku Deck is a presentation tool that allows users to create Haiku style slideshows. The tool encourages users to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentations which can be shared on SlideShare. In just a few sentences, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create visual presentations.
This document provides information on smoke and tobacco cessation resources available at UC Davis for students, faculty, staff, and visitors. It outlines several helpline numbers that can help with quitting. Students can receive free nicotine replacement products and counseling through Student Health and Counseling Services. Faculty and staff have access to free or low-cost nicotine replacement options through their health plans. Rite Aid pharmacy provides a free two-week supply of nicotine replacements to students, faculty, and staff with a UC Davis ID. Additional online resources are available to support quitting smoking and tobacco use.
Jaymie Larson seeks a dynamic position where she can utilize her 11 years of experience in restaurant management. She has a track record of developing strong customer relationships and learning new tasks quickly. Her skills include time management, operations analysis, social perceptiveness, and judgment/decision-making. She is ServSafe certified and has held assistant manager roles at HMShost and Woody's Grille, where she oversaw scheduling, inventory, and ensuring customer satisfaction.
The article discusses the Indonesian government's plan to increase tax revenues by expanding the tax base. It notes that currently only around 30 million people pay taxes out of a population of around 250 million. The government aims to add around 20 million new taxpayers over the next five years by simplifying the tax system and increasing the income threshold for paying taxes. This would help boost state revenues to fund infrastructure projects and subsidies for the poor.
This review assessed the effectiveness of electrotherapy for neck pain. Various forms of electrotherapy were evaluated including modulated galvanic current, iontophoresis, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), electromyostimulation (EMS), pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, and repetitive magnetic stimulation. The review found low quality evidence that some electrotherapies may provide small, short-term benefits for pain relief, but no conclusions could be drawn about long-term or functional outcomes.
This review analyzed 25 randomized controlled trials involving 2505 participants undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The trials compared pharmacological interventions (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, anticonvulsant analgesics) to inactive controls for postoperative pain management. The review found very low quality evidence that the interventions reduced pain scores at 4-8 and 9-24 hours, but effects on other outcomes like time to discharge and return to work were imprecise. No mortality was reported. The interventions provided only modest reductions in pain, so any decision to use them must consider the uncertain risks and benefits.
This Cochrane review examines the effectiveness of epinephrine (adrenaline) for treating bronchiolitis in infants. The review analyzed data from 25 studies with over 3000 participants. The review found that epinephrine did not significantly reduce admission rates, length of hospital stay, or improve clinical scores compared to placebo or other treatments like salbutamol. Epinephrine also did not significantly impact other outcomes like oxygen saturation levels or respiratory rates. The review concluded that epinephrine is not an effective treatment for bronchiolitis based on current evidence.
Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessationGeorgi Daskalov
This review analyzed 30 randomized controlled trials that evaluated individual behavioral counseling for smoking cessation. The review found that individual counseling was more effective at helping smokers quit compared to minimal interventions like brief advice or self-help materials. Specifically, individual counseling doubled a smoker's chance of quitting long-term compared to control groups. The review also found some evidence that individual counseling may help smokers quit even when combined with nicotine replacement therapy, though the effect was smaller. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether more intensive counseling was more effective than less intensive counseling.
Second or third additional chemotherapy drug for non-small cell lung cancer i...James Hilbert
This Cochrane review evaluated 65 randomized controlled trials with over 13,000 patients to determine the clinical benefit of adding additional chemotherapy drugs to treatment regimens for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The review found that adding a second drug to a single-agent chemotherapy regimen improved tumor response rates and one-year survival rates. Adding a third drug to a two-drug chemotherapy regimen increased tumor response rates but did not improve one-year survival rates and was associated with higher toxicity.
Aversive smoking for smoking cessation (review)Georgi Daskalov
This review evaluated the effectiveness of aversive smoking techniques for smoking cessation. Aversive smoking pairs smoking with unpleasant stimuli to reduce cravings. The review found that rapid smoking, which requires taking a puff every 6-10 seconds, may help smokers quit compared to a control, but the evidence is inconclusive due to methodological issues in studies. Other aversive methods did not show effectiveness. There was borderline evidence that more aversive methods may help quitting more than less aversive methods, but the evidence is uncertain. Further research is needed to determine if rapid smoking or varying levels of aversiveness can effectively help smokers quit smoking.
This Cochrane review evaluated surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones based on 16 randomized clinical trials with 1758 participants. The review found that:
1) Open surgery was associated with higher mortality and morbidity compared to ERCP.
2) Laparoscopic surgery plus laparoscopic bile duct exploration resulted in lower morbidity compared to pre-operative ERCP plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
3) There was no clear difference in outcomes between laparoscopic surgery plus laparoscopic bile duct exploration versus intra-operative or post-operative ERCP when added to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Fisioterapia respiratoria toracica en neuminias en adultos.pdfJavierManriqueSoto1
This review analyzed 6 randomized controlled trials with 434 participants to evaluate the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults. The review found that chest physiotherapy did not improve mortality or cure rates compared to no treatment or placebo. However, osteopathic manipulative treatment and positive expiratory pressure reduced the duration of hospital stay compared to no treatment. Additionally, positive expiratory pressure reduced fever duration and osteopathic manipulative treatment reduced intravenous and total antibiotic treatment duration compared to placebo or no treatment. The review was limited by the small number and size of included studies.
This document discusses tobacco control and prevention policies recommended by the American College of Physicians. It provides background on the health and economic impacts of tobacco use. Key points include:
- Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the US. Comprehensive tobacco control programs are needed to reduce smoking rates.
- The FDA was given authority in 2009 to regulate tobacco, but regulation alone is not enough. States must fund tobacco control efforts and increase tobacco taxes.
- Smokeless tobacco and cigars also harm health. Secondhand smoke exposure causes illness and death in nonsmokers.
The 7Tips of entering Japanese market for tech startups拓弥 宮田
This is the deck for my presentation at Japan Society event ( http://www.usajapan.org/event/big-in-japan-tak-miyata-founding-partner-scrum-ventures-how-silicon-valley-startups-can-enter-asian-markets/ )
This is to introduce "7 Tips" of entering the Japanese market for tech startups.
The UK government will regulate e-cigarettes and other nicotine containing products as medicines beginning in 2016 to ensure safety and quality. This decision aligns with proposed European regulation and manufacturers will have until 2016 to obtain licenses for their products, though they can seek licenses earlier. Regulating these products as medicines means high quality products can support smokers to reduce and quit smoking. Licensed products will be available over the counter or by prescription through the NHS and can be advertised like other medicines.
The document provides information about smokeless tobacco fact sheets prepared for a conference on smokeless tobacco. It includes an introduction stating that smokeless tobacco has existed for thousands of years and is consumed orally or nasally without burning. It causes cancer and other health issues. The fact sheets cover various smokeless tobacco products from different regions of the world and provide information on brand names, ingredients, use, users, and manufacturing. Additional information is welcomed for developing future editions of the fact sheets.
This document discusses updates in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. It defines osteoporosis as a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone structure. Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures, with vertebral fractures being the most common. It can lead to pain, disability, and increased mortality. An estimated 8 million women and 2.5 million men in the US have osteoporosis, and these numbers are expected to increase by 40% by 2020. Osteoporosis poses a significant economic burden and reduces quality of life. Advances have been made in assessing fracture risk levels based on 10-year probability in addition to bone mineral density scores. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications
Este documento describe brevemente la anatomía de la cara y los músculos faciales. Explica la ubicación, origen, inserción e inervación de músculos como el epicraneano, corrugador de la ceja, procero, orbicular del ojo, nasal, elevador del labio superior y del ala de la nariz, cigomático mayor y menor, risorio y elevador del ángulo de la boca. También incluye imágenes ilustrativas y da instrucciones para pruebas musculares faciales.
Haiku Deck is a presentation tool that allows users to create Haiku style slideshows. The tool encourages users to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentations which can be shared on SlideShare. In just a few sentences, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create visual presentations.
This document provides information on smoke and tobacco cessation resources available at UC Davis for students, faculty, staff, and visitors. It outlines several helpline numbers that can help with quitting. Students can receive free nicotine replacement products and counseling through Student Health and Counseling Services. Faculty and staff have access to free or low-cost nicotine replacement options through their health plans. Rite Aid pharmacy provides a free two-week supply of nicotine replacements to students, faculty, and staff with a UC Davis ID. Additional online resources are available to support quitting smoking and tobacco use.
Jaymie Larson seeks a dynamic position where she can utilize her 11 years of experience in restaurant management. She has a track record of developing strong customer relationships and learning new tasks quickly. Her skills include time management, operations analysis, social perceptiveness, and judgment/decision-making. She is ServSafe certified and has held assistant manager roles at HMShost and Woody's Grille, where she oversaw scheduling, inventory, and ensuring customer satisfaction.
The article discusses the Indonesian government's plan to increase tax revenues by expanding the tax base. It notes that currently only around 30 million people pay taxes out of a population of around 250 million. The government aims to add around 20 million new taxpayers over the next five years by simplifying the tax system and increasing the income threshold for paying taxes. This would help boost state revenues to fund infrastructure projects and subsidies for the poor.
This review assessed the effectiveness of electrotherapy for neck pain. Various forms of electrotherapy were evaluated including modulated galvanic current, iontophoresis, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), electromyostimulation (EMS), pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, and repetitive magnetic stimulation. The review found low quality evidence that some electrotherapies may provide small, short-term benefits for pain relief, but no conclusions could be drawn about long-term or functional outcomes.
This review analyzed 25 randomized controlled trials involving 2505 participants undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The trials compared pharmacological interventions (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, anticonvulsant analgesics) to inactive controls for postoperative pain management. The review found very low quality evidence that the interventions reduced pain scores at 4-8 and 9-24 hours, but effects on other outcomes like time to discharge and return to work were imprecise. No mortality was reported. The interventions provided only modest reductions in pain, so any decision to use them must consider the uncertain risks and benefits.
This Cochrane review examines the effectiveness of epinephrine (adrenaline) for treating bronchiolitis in infants. The review analyzed data from 25 studies with over 3000 participants. The review found that epinephrine did not significantly reduce admission rates, length of hospital stay, or improve clinical scores compared to placebo or other treatments like salbutamol. Epinephrine also did not significantly impact other outcomes like oxygen saturation levels or respiratory rates. The review concluded that epinephrine is not an effective treatment for bronchiolitis based on current evidence.
Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessationGeorgi Daskalov
This review analyzed 30 randomized controlled trials that evaluated individual behavioral counseling for smoking cessation. The review found that individual counseling was more effective at helping smokers quit compared to minimal interventions like brief advice or self-help materials. Specifically, individual counseling doubled a smoker's chance of quitting long-term compared to control groups. The review also found some evidence that individual counseling may help smokers quit even when combined with nicotine replacement therapy, though the effect was smaller. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether more intensive counseling was more effective than less intensive counseling.
Second or third additional chemotherapy drug for non-small cell lung cancer i...James Hilbert
This Cochrane review evaluated 65 randomized controlled trials with over 13,000 patients to determine the clinical benefit of adding additional chemotherapy drugs to treatment regimens for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The review found that adding a second drug to a single-agent chemotherapy regimen improved tumor response rates and one-year survival rates. Adding a third drug to a two-drug chemotherapy regimen increased tumor response rates but did not improve one-year survival rates and was associated with higher toxicity.
Aversive smoking for smoking cessation (review)Georgi Daskalov
This review evaluated the effectiveness of aversive smoking techniques for smoking cessation. Aversive smoking pairs smoking with unpleasant stimuli to reduce cravings. The review found that rapid smoking, which requires taking a puff every 6-10 seconds, may help smokers quit compared to a control, but the evidence is inconclusive due to methodological issues in studies. Other aversive methods did not show effectiveness. There was borderline evidence that more aversive methods may help quitting more than less aversive methods, but the evidence is uncertain. Further research is needed to determine if rapid smoking or varying levels of aversiveness can effectively help smokers quit smoking.
This Cochrane review evaluated surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones based on 16 randomized clinical trials with 1758 participants. The review found that:
1) Open surgery was associated with higher mortality and morbidity compared to ERCP.
2) Laparoscopic surgery plus laparoscopic bile duct exploration resulted in lower morbidity compared to pre-operative ERCP plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
3) There was no clear difference in outcomes between laparoscopic surgery plus laparoscopic bile duct exploration versus intra-operative or post-operative ERCP when added to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Fisioterapia respiratoria toracica en neuminias en adultos.pdfJavierManriqueSoto1
This review analyzed 6 randomized controlled trials with 434 participants to evaluate the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults. The review found that chest physiotherapy did not improve mortality or cure rates compared to no treatment or placebo. However, osteopathic manipulative treatment and positive expiratory pressure reduced the duration of hospital stay compared to no treatment. Additionally, positive expiratory pressure reduced fever duration and osteopathic manipulative treatment reduced intravenous and total antibiotic treatment duration compared to placebo or no treatment. The review was limited by the small number and size of included studies.
Sma12 4668: Clinical Drug Testing in Primary CareCannabisCare.Ca
This document provides guidance on clinical drug testing in primary care. It discusses the reasons drug testing can be useful in primary care settings, including monitoring prescription medication use, evaluating unexplained symptoms, and detecting substance use disorders. The document covers important terminology, different testing methods and matrices, considerations for selecting laboratory or point-of-care testing, how to prepare the clinical setting and staff, and how to discuss testing with patients while being culturally sensitive. The goal is to help primary care providers appropriately incorporate and utilize drug testing in their practices.
This document provides a summary of the Clinical Practice Guidelines on Treatment of Tobacco Use Disorder published by the Tobacco Control Unit and FCTC Secretariat of the Ministry of Health Malaysia. The guidelines were updated in 2016 to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinicians on treating tobacco use disorder. The guidelines cover topics such as epidemiology of tobacco use, assessment of smoking, clinical interventions including brief counseling, intensive counseling, pharmacological treatments, and treatments for special populations. The guidelines are intended to help more smokers in Malaysia successfully quit and improve health outcomes in line with Malaysia's commitments under the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
This document provides summaries of medical topics related to medicine and surgery. It includes sections on anaesthetics, acute pain management, ventilation techniques, preoperative grading, and local/regional anaesthesia. Additional sections cover topics in breast surgery, cancer medicine, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, and gastroenterology. For each topic, it provides brief summaries and descriptions of various conditions, diseases, treatments, and management strategies.
Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessationGeorgi Daskalov
This review analyzed 53 randomized controlled trials that compared group-based smoking cessation programs to other interventions. The review found that:
1) Group programs were more effective at helping people quit smoking than self-help materials, doubling the chances of quitting.
2) There was no clear evidence that group programs were more effective than individual counseling.
3) Group programs added to other treatments like advice from health professionals or nicotine replacement therapy provided some additional benefit, but the evidence was limited.
4) There was variation in how many people offered group programs actually participated.
This review analyzed studies on the use of neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) like oseltamivir and zanamivir to prevent and treat influenza in healthy adults. The review found that:
1) NIs have limited effectiveness in preventing influenza-like illnesses when used routinely, but oseltamivir and zanamivir can reduce symptomatic influenza by around 60%.
2) When used to treat influenza after symptoms appear, both oseltamivir and zanamivir can shorten the duration of symptoms by around 1 day.
3) Oseltamivir is associated with side effects like nausea, while zanamivir can cause diarrhea.
4) Due to their low effectiveness,
This review analyzes the use of darbepoetin, an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. The review found that darbepoetin was more effective than placebo at maintaining hemoglobin levels and reducing the need for blood transfusions. However, it also found an increased risk of hypertension and no difference in mortality compared to placebo or other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents like epoetin. The review concluded that darbepoetin can effectively treat anemia, but its risks need to be carefully considered.
This review evaluated 5 studies involving 329 participants that compared ketamine, memantine, and cytidine to placebo for the treatment of depression in bipolar disorder. The review found limited evidence that a single intravenous dose of ketamine may be more effective than placebo at improving response rates up to 24 hours. However, ketamine did not demonstrate better efficacy for remission of bipolar depression. Memantine and cytidine did not show any benefits over placebo. Overall, conclusions were limited by the small amount of data available. Larger studies are still needed to determine if glutamate receptor modulators may help treat depression in bipolar disorder.
Analgesia en el dolor abdominal agudo, articulo actualizado para los que quieren sustentar el manejo del dolor en este tipo de paciente. metanalisis de opiodes en dolor abdominal agudo de Cochrane 2011
Cochrane Review on local vs general anesthesia for carotid endarterectomysamirsharshar
This Cochrane review analyzes 14 randomized controlled trials involving over 4,500 carotid endarterectomy operations to compare outcomes of the procedures when performed under local versus general anesthesia. The review found no significant difference in the percentage of patients experiencing a stroke or death within 30 days between the two anesthesia types. Specifically, around 3% of patients experienced a stroke and 1% died within 30 days under both local and general anesthesia. The review concludes that either anesthesia technique is acceptable for carotid endarterectomy based on safety and that patient and surgeon preferences can guide the decision.
This Cochrane review assessed the benefits and harms of non-surgical (chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy) versus surgical (oesophagectomy) treatment for people with esophageal cancer. The review included eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 1114 participants. The review found no difference in long-term mortality between chemoradiotherapy and surgery, but found higher long-term mortality with radiotherapy compared to surgery. The review also found no difference in long-term recurrence rates between non-surgical and surgical treatments. However, the evidence was of low to very low quality.
2006 a space oddity – the great pluto debate science _ the guardianGeorgi Daskalov
Long known as the ninth planet, Pluto was downgraded in 2006, sparking a scientific spat that raises basic questions about how we understand the universe
The document discusses Google tools that can be used to find relevant consumer insights for RFPs, creative briefs, and content strategies. It describes YouTube Analytics, Google Consumer Surveys, Google Trends, Google Correlate, which can provide fast focus group data, test consumer insights, uncover growing and declining interests, and find related search trends. These tools allow accessing larger samples of data faster and more cost-effectively than traditional market research methods to better inform marketing strategies.
Getting cytisine licensed for use world-wide: a call to actionGeorgi Daskalov
Most tobacco users live in low and middle income countries where stop smoking medicines are unavailable or unaffordable. There is an urgent need for action by key stakeholders to get cytisine licensed worldwide so that its life-saving potential can be realised.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of tribulus terrestris in male sexual d...Georgi Daskalov
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of tribulus terrestris in male sexual dysfunction – a prospective, randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial 2015 poster
This document summarizes national trends in prescription drug expenditures in the United States for 2015 and provides projections for 2016. Key findings include:
- Total US prescription drug sales in 2015 were $419.4 billion, an 11.7% increase over 2014. Spending in clinics and non-federal hospitals increased 15.9% and 10.7%, respectively.
- Growth in overall spending was driven primarily by price increases for existing drugs (8.4%), with new drugs (2.7%) and changes in drug usage (0.5%) also contributing. Hospital spending growth was mainly from price increases, while clinic growth was mostly from increased drug usage.
- Projections estimate an 11-13%
This document discusses how pharmaceutical companies can improve clinical development and manufacturing processes through product lifecycle management (PLM). It identifies 7 key business processes for transforming R&D operations: 1) drug development program management, 2) regulatory archive management, 3) clinical trial management, 4) scale-up and commercial manufacturing, 5) quality management, 6) packaging and marketing asset management, and 7) global product registration. Implementing PLM using Oracle's solutions can deliver ROI by improving productivity, reducing time to market, and lowering development costs.
This document discusses the therapeutic index of antihistamines, which is defined as the benefit-to-risk ratio or efficacy-to-safety ratio that determines the range of doses where a drug is effective and safe. While second-generation antihistamines have similar efficacy for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, they differ in their safety profiles and therapeutic indices. Fexofenadine has one of the broadest therapeutic indices, having been shown to be effective at doses as low as 20 mg twice daily and not causing sedation or cardiac toxicity at doses as high as 690 mg twice daily. A broad therapeutic index is important considering potential drug interactions and situations where patients increase their dose in search of
Extreme trans neptunian objects and the kozai mechanismGeorgi Daskalov
This document summarizes a study examining the possibility of undiscovered planets beyond Neptune based on the discovery of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs). The study finds:
1) There is an observational bias that most ETNOs would be discovered at declinations of -24 to 24 degrees, regardless of survey completeness.
2) The clustering of the arguments of perihelion of known ETNOs near 0 degrees cannot be explained by observational biases and suggests the influence of an unseen planetary perturber.
3) The distributions of orbital parameters of known ETNOs show clustering that resembles mean motion resonances and families influenced by planetary perturbations, providing further evidence for one or more undis
Some In Vitro/In Vivo Chemically-Induced Experimental Models of Liver Oxidati...Georgi Daskalov
This review article summarizes several experimental models used to study liver oxidative stress and injury in rats, including those induced by carbon tetrachloride, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, ethanol, paracetamol, and nicotine. The models are described as involving the generation of reactive oxygen species that cause lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, and damage to cellular proteins and DNA, leading to effects like increased membrane permeability and cell death. Specifically, the models examine how these compounds are metabolized to produce radicals that can induce oxidative stress in the liver and hepatocytes.
This document provides information and instructions for EEA-qualified pharmacists applying for recognition as a pharmacist in Great Britain by the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). The GPhC is the regulatory body that oversees pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in Great Britain. Applicants must submit documentation including proof of qualifications, identity, nationality, registration status in their home country, and fees. Required documents include diplomas, licenses, passport, birth certificate, marriage certificate if applicable, police records, and letters from authorities confirming standing and compliance with EU directives. Photographs must be certified by a professional acquaintance. All documents may require certified English translations. The process is expected to take one month, after which eligible applicants will receive a
Pharmaceutical marketing to healthcare providers provides information on new treatment options, but it is only one of many factors that influence prescribing decisions. Surveys find clinical knowledge, patient factors, and insurance policies have greater impacts. Approximately 67% of US prescriptions are for generic drugs, much higher than other countries. While representatives provide information, prescribing is shaped more by clinical guidelines, peers, formularies, and insurers' prior authorization requirements than representative interactions.
Product lifecycle management in the pharmaceutical industryGeorgi Daskalov
Pharmaceutical companies face pressure to improve product pipelines, accelerate time to market, and improve margins on existing products, while maintaining strict regulatory compliance. A comprehensive product lifecycle management (PLM) solution can help address these challenges by providing visibility and control across the entire drug development process from discovery through commercialization. PLM focuses on leveraging research and development efforts to efficiently develop new drugs and move them through the various phases of the drug lifecycle from the different internal and external functions involved. This allows for improved collaboration and management of changes to optimize profitability throughout the drug's economic life.
The document discusses various topics related to economics, politics, and society around the world. It mentions different countries, currencies, trade agreements, and political leaders. It also references challenges and opportunities facing certain industries. However, most of the information is garbled or unclear due to the formatting and characters used.
The document discusses various topics related to economics, politics, and society around the world. It mentions different countries, currencies, trade agreements, and political leaders. It also references challenges and opportunities facing certain industries. However, most of the information is garbled or unclear due to the formatting issues.
Health-care interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation: a review o...Georgi Daskalov
This document reviews the efficacy, effectiveness, and affordability of healthcare interventions for tobacco cessation. It finds that brief advice from healthcare workers can promote smoking cessation and is affordable globally. Telephone and text support programs and printed materials can assist with quit attempts and are globally affordable. Face-to-face behavioral support increases quit rates for cigarettes and smokeless tobacco and is affordable in middle- and high-income countries. Several medications can aid quitting when combined with behavioral support, with cytisine and nortriptyline being globally affordable. Brief advice, telephone/text support, self-help materials, cytisine, and nortriptyline are identified as globally affordable tobacco cessation interventions.
The document discusses regulations around access to and classification of medicines in the UK and Europe. It describes three categories of medicines in the UK - prescription only medicines (POM), pharmacy medicines (P), and general sales list medicines (GSL). POM medicines require a prescription, P medicines can only be sold under pharmacy supervision, and GSL medicines can be sold in any retail outlet. There has been a trend of increasing medicines moving from POM to P to GSL status, making them more accessible over the counter without a prescription. This deregulation aims to empower consumers, improve access, and reduce costs, but must balance this with safety and professional oversight.
Acute activation, desensitization and smoldering activation of human acetylch...Georgi Daskalov
This study examined the acute activation and chronic desensitization of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) containing α4β2, α3β4, and α7 subunits by nicotine and other nicotinic agonists. It found that nicotine causes "smoldering activation" of α4β2 AChRs at concentrations found in smokers, but higher concentrations are needed for α3β4 and α7 AChRs. Sazetidine-A selectively activates and desensitizes the (α4β2)2β2 stoichiometry of the α4β2 AChR. The study defines the concentration ranges over which different agonists can sustain smolder
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
In this session delivered at Leeds IoT, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
Google Calendar is a versatile tool that allows users to manage their schedules and events effectively. With Google Calendar, you can create and organize calendars, set reminders for important events, and share your calendars with others. It also provides features like creating events, inviting attendees, and accessing your calendar from mobile devices. Additionally, Google Calendar allows you to embed calendars in websites or platforms like SlideShare, making it easier for others to view and interact with your schedules.