This document analyzes the physiochemical characteristics of effluent from rubber processing industries in Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth Centre in Tripura, India. Laboratory testing found several water quality parameters exceeded permissible limits, including high pH, TDS, TSS, sulphide, nitrogen and BOD levels. The effluent is discharged without adequate treatment into local water bodies, polluting surface water resources. Immediate action is needed to set up a common effluent treatment plant to treat the wastewater before discharge and prevent further water pollution.
Pulp and Paper Industry (Pulp Mill, Paper Mill, Printing and Writing Papers, ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Pulp and paper are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose fibers, generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries, about 60% of cellulose fibers originate from non wood raw materials such as bagasse, cereal straw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, flax, and sisal. The main steps in pulp and paper manufacturing are: Raw material preparation and handling, Pulp manufacturing, Pulp Washing and Screening, Chemical recovery, Bleaching, Stock Preparation, and Papermaking.
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Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
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Pulp and Paper Industry, Pulp Mill, Paper Mill, Printing and Writing Papers, Corrugating Medium Paper, Newspapers Hardboards, Pulp and paper processing industry, Pulp and paper making business, Investment Opportunity for Pulp & Paper, Paper Manufacturing Plant, Pulp from Bamboo, Profitable pulp and paper business, Pulp and paper production, Manufacture of corrugating medium paper, Feasibility of recycled newspapers hardboards, Paper mill in India, Best small and cottage scale industries, Book of Pulp and Paper, Paper Board and Paper-based Technology, Book on Pulping and Papermaking, Business guidance for Pulp and paper industry, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Drying of Paper, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hard-Board manufacturing, How to Start a Pulp and paper industry?, How to Start a Pulp and paper Production Business, How to start a successful Pulp and paper business, How to Start Pulp and paper Processing Industry in India, How to Start-Up a paper converting Business, Industry of pulp and paper, Kraft Paper manufacturing, Kraft Paper production, Kraft Process in the paper and pulp industry, Manufacture of pulp and paper, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Pulp and paper Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Pulp and paper processing industry, Paper and pulp industries, Paper and Pulp Production Technology book, Paper Making Small Business Manufacturing, Paper Production, Paper production line, Paper Production: The Kraft Process in the paper and pulp industry, Paper, Pulp and Paper Conversion, Papermaking Science and Technology book, Production of Kraft Paper, Production of Soda Semi-Chemical Pulp, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Pulp and paper manufacturing, Project for startups, Pulp and paper Based Profitable Projects, Pulp and paper Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Zero Liquid Discharge For Pulp and paper industriesSooraj Garg
This Presentation contains Importance of ZLD, What is ZLD, Challenges in ZLD and a case study of a pulp and paper Industry named "Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited, Karur Tamil Nadu"
Pulp and Paper Industry (Pulp Mill, Paper Mill, Printing and Writing Papers, ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Pulp and paper are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose fibers, generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries, about 60% of cellulose fibers originate from non wood raw materials such as bagasse, cereal straw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, flax, and sisal. The main steps in pulp and paper manufacturing are: Raw material preparation and handling, Pulp manufacturing, Pulp Washing and Screening, Chemical recovery, Bleaching, Stock Preparation, and Papermaking.
See more
https://goo.gl/MqZ7s4
https://goo.gl/jByd5s
https://goo.gl/4KnBEM
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Pulp and Paper Industry, Pulp Mill, Paper Mill, Printing and Writing Papers, Corrugating Medium Paper, Newspapers Hardboards, Pulp and paper processing industry, Pulp and paper making business, Investment Opportunity for Pulp & Paper, Paper Manufacturing Plant, Pulp from Bamboo, Profitable pulp and paper business, Pulp and paper production, Manufacture of corrugating medium paper, Feasibility of recycled newspapers hardboards, Paper mill in India, Best small and cottage scale industries, Book of Pulp and Paper, Paper Board and Paper-based Technology, Book on Pulping and Papermaking, Business guidance for Pulp and paper industry, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Drying of Paper, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hard-Board manufacturing, How to Start a Pulp and paper industry?, How to Start a Pulp and paper Production Business, How to start a successful Pulp and paper business, How to Start Pulp and paper Processing Industry in India, How to Start-Up a paper converting Business, Industry of pulp and paper, Kraft Paper manufacturing, Kraft Paper production, Kraft Process in the paper and pulp industry, Manufacture of pulp and paper, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Pulp and paper Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Pulp and paper processing industry, Paper and pulp industries, Paper and Pulp Production Technology book, Paper Making Small Business Manufacturing, Paper Production, Paper production line, Paper Production: The Kraft Process in the paper and pulp industry, Paper, Pulp and Paper Conversion, Papermaking Science and Technology book, Production of Kraft Paper, Production of Soda Semi-Chemical Pulp, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Pulp and paper manufacturing, Project for startups, Pulp and paper Based Profitable Projects, Pulp and paper Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Zero Liquid Discharge For Pulp and paper industriesSooraj Garg
This Presentation contains Importance of ZLD, What is ZLD, Challenges in ZLD and a case study of a pulp and paper Industry named "Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited, Karur Tamil Nadu"
This market assessment report is a primer for Zero Liquid Discharge in India, which describes the current scenario, illustrates the outlook for 2020 and quantifies the market opportunity with a focus on three highly polluting and water intensive industries, i.e. Textile (wet processing), Distillery (molasses based) and Pulp & Paper (large wood based).
Products from Industrial and Agricultural Waste (Silicon, Silver, Rubber Powd...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Processing of useful products from waste is achieved by Integrated Waste Management (IWM) which is the most important approach for the management of wastes. Rather than incurring the costs and risks of managing waste, it has been recognized, it is better to reduce the generation of waste. A waste minimization approach is outlined, in order to save costs and greatly minimize environmental liability. The major technique for waste management is recycling, though recycling and use reuse are the two major techniques for waste minimization, the options must be carefully evaluated. In the chemical industry, recovery of solvents, metal values, lubricant and oils has proven particularly cost effective in many countries. There are many such products processed from industrial and agricultural waste like silicon from rice husk, caffeine from tea waste.
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http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Products from Industrial and Agricultural Waste, Products from Industrial waste, Products from agro waste, Silicon, Silver, Rubber Powder, Bricks, Particle Board, Oxalic Acid, Plastic Granules, Cotton, Caffine, Cement, Economic Policies and Analysis in Effluent, Municipal Waste Water, Cogeneration, Waste Reduction, Stability Factors, Composting, Distillery Spentwash, Enforcement Mechanism, Biological Computer Aided Design, Activated Carbon from Saw Dust, Rice Husk and Coconut Shells, Agricultural Waste Could Make Great Packaging, Agricultural waste processing, Agricultural Waste production, Agro Based Food Processing Industry, Agro Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Agro Processing & Agricultural Waste Products, Agro waste and agro processing Business, Agro waste Based Profitable Projects, Agro waste Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Agro waste Processing Industry in India, Agro waste Processing Projects, Agro waste utilization, Alcohol from Potatoes, Atta Chakki Plant, Banana Wafers, Best small and cottage scale industries, Biocoal Briquettes from Agriculture Cellulosic Waste, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business guidance for agro processing and agriculture waste, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Cardamom Oil, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Kernels, Castor Oil Derivative Oleo Resin, Cattle Feed from Molasses, Coconut Processing Unit, Dal or Pulse Mill, Food Processing & Agro Based Profitable Projects, Food processing business list, Food Processing Industry in India, Growth of Agro Processing Industries in India, Herbal Plantation (Medicinal), How to start a food manufacturing business, How to Start a Food Production Business, How to start a successful Agro waste business, How to start agriculture business, How to start agro waste Processing Industry in India, How to Start an Agro waste business?, How to start an agro waste Production Business
Bangladesh may consider asking for appropriate price of garments and go for efficient use of water. It may also consider switching to other products to replace garments as export products as early as possible to save the country from acute shortage of water.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This market assessment report is a primer for Zero Liquid Discharge in India, which describes the current scenario, illustrates the outlook for 2020 and quantifies the market opportunity with a focus on three highly polluting and water intensive industries, i.e. Textile (wet processing), Distillery (molasses based) and Pulp & Paper (large wood based).
Products from Industrial and Agricultural Waste (Silicon, Silver, Rubber Powd...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Processing of useful products from waste is achieved by Integrated Waste Management (IWM) which is the most important approach for the management of wastes. Rather than incurring the costs and risks of managing waste, it has been recognized, it is better to reduce the generation of waste. A waste minimization approach is outlined, in order to save costs and greatly minimize environmental liability. The major technique for waste management is recycling, though recycling and use reuse are the two major techniques for waste minimization, the options must be carefully evaluated. In the chemical industry, recovery of solvents, metal values, lubricant and oils has proven particularly cost effective in many countries. There are many such products processed from industrial and agricultural waste like silicon from rice husk, caffeine from tea waste.
See more
http://goo.gl/j9UIkZ
http://goo.gl/LmhZJm
http://goo.gl/mrZWHR
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Products from Industrial and Agricultural Waste, Products from Industrial waste, Products from agro waste, Silicon, Silver, Rubber Powder, Bricks, Particle Board, Oxalic Acid, Plastic Granules, Cotton, Caffine, Cement, Economic Policies and Analysis in Effluent, Municipal Waste Water, Cogeneration, Waste Reduction, Stability Factors, Composting, Distillery Spentwash, Enforcement Mechanism, Biological Computer Aided Design, Activated Carbon from Saw Dust, Rice Husk and Coconut Shells, Agricultural Waste Could Make Great Packaging, Agricultural waste processing, Agricultural Waste production, Agro Based Food Processing Industry, Agro Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Agro Processing & Agricultural Waste Products, Agro waste and agro processing Business, Agro waste Based Profitable Projects, Agro waste Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Agro waste Processing Industry in India, Agro waste Processing Projects, Agro waste utilization, Alcohol from Potatoes, Atta Chakki Plant, Banana Wafers, Best small and cottage scale industries, Biocoal Briquettes from Agriculture Cellulosic Waste, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business guidance for agro processing and agriculture waste, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Cardamom Oil, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Kernels, Castor Oil Derivative Oleo Resin, Cattle Feed from Molasses, Coconut Processing Unit, Dal or Pulse Mill, Food Processing & Agro Based Profitable Projects, Food processing business list, Food Processing Industry in India, Growth of Agro Processing Industries in India, Herbal Plantation (Medicinal), How to start a food manufacturing business, How to Start a Food Production Business, How to start a successful Agro waste business, How to start agriculture business, How to start agro waste Processing Industry in India, How to Start an Agro waste business?, How to start an agro waste Production Business
Bangladesh may consider asking for appropriate price of garments and go for efficient use of water. It may also consider switching to other products to replace garments as export products as early as possible to save the country from acute shortage of water.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Through Lean Manufacturing Techniques Improvement InProduction of Cement PlantIJERA Editor
The production of cement is a process industry which is distinct from manufacturing and the main objective here
is to apply lean manufacturing technique to the eradicate waste to the processes and parameters which are
common between process and discrete manufacturing. Lean signifies a major advance over traditional mass
production methods. Value stream mapping is used first to identify different waste present in the current state.
This paper will describe work undertaken investigating the application of lean thinking to a continuous
production environment, in this instance exemplified by the cement industry. Implementation of lean helps
many organizations to improve their productivity and efficiency Cement plays a vital role in economic
development of any country. Having more than a hundred and fifty years history, it has been used extensively in
construction of anything, from a small building to a mammoth multi-purpose project. The need for improving
the efficiency of the cement production line is widely acknowledged in order to reduce the downtime rates, and
satisfy high levels of market demand where the demand for cement is mostly second substance behind water.
This paper articulates a methodology for data collection, knowledge extraction, model creation and
experimentation that combines the use of process mapping, computational simulation. A detailed description of
each step of the process is given and is illustrated by results from a case study undertaken during the research.
This paper describes work undertaken to implement lean practices in the continuous process sector as
represented by cement production. One of the major barriers to lean implementation is providing evidence of its
potential benefit to end-users. This work aims to overcome this obstacle by producing a tool which can be used
to easily visualize the benefits of adopting lean practices without requiring disruption to the production
environment.
We are leading names in the industry, engaged in manufacturing, supplying and providing services for a wide array of Discharging Systems, Oil Storage Tanks, Chemical Reactors, Tyre Pyrolysis Plant and different others. We also offer Erection & Commissioning Services at most reasonable rates. Our entire products and services are in adherence with set quality standards and guidelines.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Free Complete Python - A step towards Data Science
H04744450
1. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 04, Issue 07 (July. 2014), ||V4|| PP 44-50
International organization of Scientific Research 44 | P a g e
Evaluation of Physiochemical characteristics of disposed Rubber
industry effluent: A Case study of Bodhjungnagar Industrial
Growth Centre
Amarendra Jamatia1
, Sukanta Chakraborty2
, Debabrata Das3
,
Sabbir Kumar Jamatia4
, Dr. Mihir Kr. Das5
1(Asst. Environmental Engineer, Tripura State Pollution Control Board, Tripura, India)
2( M. Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Agartala, Tripura, India),
3 ( M. Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Agartala, Tripura, India)
4 ( Asst. Professor, Tripura Institute of Technology, Tripura, India)
5 (Scientist-C, Tripura State Pollution Control Board, Tripura, India),
Abstract: - The suitable agro-climate conditions are making the Tripura State into second largest rubber
producer in country, India. Rapid growth of rubber production and rubber based industries has resulted rapid
economy growth of the State. Despite the derived economy benefit, the rubber based industry generates large
quantities of effluents during the various stages of processing. The production process of commercial rubber
products causes serious water pollution problems. Massive disposal of effluents in to inland water surface often
causes damage to the precious water resources. Surface water resources are the greatest victims due to effluent
of rubber processing industries. The present study is aimed to quantify the trend of deterioration of water quality
within the study area and its resulting impacts on the surface water resources due to inland disposal of effluent
from the rubber based industries of Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth Centre. Major causes of deterioration of
water quality are due to high BOD load, high concentration of suspended solid and nitrogen content. Different
extents of acid usage in various sections of rubber processing industries are also responsible for pH variation
and causing acidic effluent. Such a study is an attempt to redress the water pollution problem in the
Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth Centre.
Keywords: - Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth Centre, Effluent, Rubber Industry, Water Pollution.
I. INTRODUCTION
Tripura is the second largest rubber producer in the country, India. The suitable agro-climate conditions
such as favorable climate, tropical monsoon, fertile soils etc. are responsible to make the State into second
largest rubber producer in the Country. Here, approximately 37558 hectors of area are being used for cultivation
of rubber plantation in the State. Out of which, 29581 hectors land area are declared as trapping area and rest
7977 hectors land as newly cultivated area. Total potential for rubber plantation in the State is 100000 hectors.
The average annual production of rubber is 20000 MT during 2013-14. It is estimated that the rubber production
is likely to be crossed more than 25000 MT within next 5-6 years as the trapping area is increasing day by day.
The rapid growth of commercial rubber production and rubber based industries of course playing an important
role in economic development of the State. However, associated environmental problems for treatment and
disposal of effluent especially rubber based industries cannot be ignored [1]. Because, the commercial
production process of rubber products from latex needs large amount of water. Apart from the water, some
chemicals are used as additives used to manufacture rubber and produces enormous amounts of effluent in the
waste streams. Discharge of untreated effluent to any water bodies, has resulted in water pollution. Hence,
arresting the pace of degradation of environment due to imperative of high economic growth is the major
challenge now-a-days.
Many investigators studied the pollution associated with different small and large scale industries
including the agricultural product processing industries. Within the studies water pollution was focused, some
have examined emissions [2]. The studies on water pollution have concentrated on various industries in different
countries: the sugar industry [3] and distilleries in India [4], food processing, textiles, paper, oil refining and
chemical industries in China [5], and organic water pollution from the industries in Indonesia [6]. A study is
also made regarding the environmental condition of the whole Bodhjungnagar Industrial Complex of Tripura
[7]. In this article the physiochemical characteristics of the effluent generated by the Rubber processing
industries of the Bodhjungnagar Industrial Complex of Tripura and its probable impact have been studied.
2. Evaluation of Physiochemical characteristics of disposed Rubber industry effluent: A Case study of
International organization of Scientific Research 45 | P a g e
II. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
The Government of Tripura has set up one Rubber Park in Bodhjung Nagar Industrial Growth Centre
area with the technical support of Rubber Board, Government of India. There are 50 acres of land allotted for
Rubber Park, 126.12 acres of land allotted for Export Promotion Industrial Park, 30 acres for Food Processing
Technology Parks, and 238.53 acres of land for Industrial Growth centre. It is the largest industrial estate of the
Tripura State, India. Bodhjung Nagar Industrial Growth Centre has started its journey during the year 1998. As
per the Survey of India Toposheets, the proposed study area falls in Toposheet No. 79 M/5 with Latitudinal
Extent of N 230
51'
30"
and Longitudinal Extent E 910
20'
to E 910
25'
. Howrah River is only Perennial River near
the site, which is situated at distance of 6 k.m. from the site towards South. Adjacent micro watersheds of the
site comprise of numerous second & third orders seasonal streams/rivulets; some of them joined to the Howrah
River. However, one of the important rivulets namely Lalmatti Chhara which later joined Katakhal drains. The
rivulet remains dry during the most parts of the year. After traversing 8-12 Km., Katakhal later passes through
Agartala Municipal Corporation. One of the tributes namely Devta Chhara of Howrah River is passing little
away from the site which is also a seasonal stream. Devta Chhara latter joined with the river Howrah after
Khayerpur. There are many rural settlements adjacent to Bodhjungnagar Growth Centre such as residential
quarter complex of NEEPCO, Nipendranagar, R.K Nagar and other hamlets of Bodhjungnagar. The Headquarter
of Tripura State Rifles, 2nd
Battalion is located near the Bodhjung Nagar Industrial Growth Centre.
The site Bodhjung Nagar Industrial Growth Centre has an area of 375 acres.
III. NATURAL RUBBER PROCESSING
Basically, there are two types of rubber processing industries in Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth
Centre. One is rubber sheet processing and another one is processing of crepe rubber. Both types of industries
are based on natural latex. Natural latex is mainly tapped from the harvested rubber plantation. The latex is a
sticky, milky colloidal suspension. The process of making incisions into the bark and collecting the milky fluid
in vessels is called "tapping". The latex from the collection cups are collected by pouring the contents of the
collection cups into a larger container before replacing the collection cup into its original position. The tapped
latex is being processed to make it commercial products. The process to produce commercial rubber involves
many engineering applications & various stages of processed works. The production process of rubber products
from latex needs large amount of water and some chemicals such diluted ammonia, hydrogen phosphate etc. as
additives. Depending upon the final products & quality of rubber, the processing is categories into the following
steps
Processing of rubber sheet:
Rubber sheets are manufactures using the rolling machine. Appropriate quantities of formic acid are
added as additive and mixed with the field latex for rubber sheet manufacturing. Formic acid added field latex is
kept for 24 hrs before rolling. The additive mixed wet sheet is embossed into rolling machine to achieve desired
thickness of sheet and also to remove water contents. The sheets are being dried either by air or in a smoke
house for a period of 7 days at a standard temperature. Open drying causes foul odour in and around, hence open
drying is prohibited in Tripura State. Instead of open drying, smoke house is most desirable for drying of rubber
sheets. In Tripura, woods fired smokehouse is commonly practiced for drying of rubber sheets.
Processing of Crepe rubber:
Crepe rubber is made from field latex. Field latex contained with 25-32% dry rubber content (DRC). In
order to increase the DRC of field latex, centrifuging is being done by injecting the ammonia (either gaseous
form) in the centrifuge unit. Centrifuged latex as preserved by adding ammonia is transfer to the coagulation
tank. Acetic acid solution of 10% is normally used to neutralize the ammonia in coagulation tank. Water of
adequate quantities is also added to the coagulation tank for floating up the coagulum. The slab of coagulum is
then passed through the roller which reduces the water content and increase the surface area for drying. Various
types of structural equipments are being used to make the crepe in to different shapes. Primary milling and
secondary milling is done prior to drying. For the purpose of drying, there are several techniques which are
being used. In many industries, mechanical drier is commonly used. In this process DRC level archived about
60-62%.
IV. METHODOLOGY
A preliminary survey was conducted in the Rubber Park area of Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth
Centre to identify the potential sources of pollutants from the rubber based industries. During the field visit, an
inventory was conducted for identification of major polluted stretch. The waste water samples were collected
from the outlets of effluent treatment plants and also from the effluent disposal sites. The objective of the study
is aimed to quantify the trend of deterioration of water quality within the study area. Analysis of water samples
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have been done in the environmental laboratory of the Tripura State Pollution Control Board using the standard
method for testing of Water and Waste Water as adopted by APHA. Quantum of pollutants concentration and
their characteristics have been assessed by the method of laboratory testing. This study analysed water quality
data over three seasons with a view to understanding recent trends of deterioration on the surface water
resources.
V. PROBABLE IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT
In order to identify the potential environmental risk, a survey was conducted in the Bodhjungnagar
Industrial Growth Centre area. During the survey, it has been observed that huge quantities of ground water are
being lifted from the underground and used in the factory for processing, which may lead to depletion of
precious ground water resources. The volume of water being used is in turned generated as effluent during the
processing. The individual waste stream from various sections has distinct effluent characteristics. The flow
type and concentration of pollutants vary widely depending upon process, water use and cleaning system. The
variation in waste flow and in its characteristics in respect of different processes depends on waste profile of the
industry. As the acids are being used as additive for processing, hence the effluent generated from such type of
industry is acetic in nature. To extend of acid usage is attributed to pH variation in the effluent. The effluents
from rubber industries are being discharge into the nearby valley without taking any adequate care and
treatment, it contained with high biological load. Such a common practice of disposal of effluent from the
industries resulted offensive odours in and around the rubber park area. Lack of adequate treatment is
responsible for such offensive odours, which in turn consequences to the human health and environment.
Moreover, the physical and chemical elements present in the effluent are responsible for water pollution.
Though, effects may be either short term or long term exposure. Hence, the effluent generated from the rubber
industry is serious concern on environment.
VI. RESULT & DISCUSSION
Waste water samples are collected from five different locations of the rubber park area. The trend of
deterioration of water quality of the project area is evaluated by laboratory testing. Seven water quality
parameters are chosen in the study. The analysis report indicates that pH values of the various wastewater
samples are found beyond the permissible ranges 6-9, which indicates that effluent generated from such type of
industry is acidic in nature. The value of total dissolved solid (TDS) content is found within the range in many
locations during summer and post monsoon periods. However, TDS values in two locations are found to be in
extremely worse condition during winter; the values are 3954 mg/l and 3030 mg/l respectively. Similarly, the
values of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) are found beyond the permissible limit during winter. As per the CPCB
standard, Sulphide content is permissible upto 2mg/l. However, from the analysis report, it has also been
observed that the Sulphide content present in the waste water samples are ranges 3 to 25 mg/l in the entire waste
water sample during post monsoon & winter. On the other hand, the nitrogen content present in all the waste
water samples are much more than the permissible limits during all the seasons viz. summer, post monsoon and
winter. BOD loading of the sampling points have a maximum value of 725 mg/l in summer, 719 mg/l in post
monsoon and 1080 mg/l in winter season.These apart, the oil and grease contents are also slightly declined from
the standard limits of CPCB during all the consecutive seasons. It is obvious that there is offensive odour
problem in rubber park area of Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth Centre. The ultimate finding of the of this
study is that there is a water pollution of surface water resource due to massive disposal of effluent into inland
water surface from the rubber based industries. The test results are given in the TABLE 1 and are illustrated
graphically in Fig. 1 to 6.
Table: 1 SEASONAL VARIATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARECTERISTICS OF RUBBER
INDUSTRY EFFLUENT
Water
Samples
Season pH TDS
(mg/l)
TSS
(mg/
l)
Sulphid
e (mg/l)
Oil &
grease
(mg/l)
Total
nitrogen
(mg/l)
BOD5
(mg/l)
W1 Summer 5.1 2066 101 20.0 5.1 196.10 725
Post monsoon 8.5 3030 364 23.4 15 140.07 719
Winter 8.5 3954 393 25.0 10 191 1080
W2 Summer 8.0 1631 32 21.2 4.2 196.10 84
Post monsoon 8.0 2945 31 25.6 11.7 112.06 89
Winter 8.0 2645 21 15.1 9.0 116.0 86
W3 Summer 5.4 270 60 17.4 4.9 182.09 80
Post monsoon 8.5 693 187 16.0 11.0 56.03 176
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Winter 8.0 1945 113 6.0 9 181.0 112
W4 Summer 7.5 240 21 3.60 3.3 196.10 14
Post monsoon 7.5 125 23 19.4 4.4 126.06 16
Winter 7.5 1137 78 2.00 5.0 193 56
W5 Summer 4.9 232 396 14.40 4.1 196.1 6
Post monsoon 7.9 154 86 16.2 10.6 70.04 18
Winter 5.3 3120 352 16.0 12.0 208 136
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6. Evaluation of Physiochemical characteristics of disposed Rubber industry effluent: A Case study of
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VII. CONCLUSION
The study will help to give an idea about trend of deterioration of the water quality of Rubber Park of
Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth Centre. This study analysed effluent quality data over three seasons. Thus,
this data can also be used to compare with the baseline data to assess the actual water pollution load. Moreover,
these data can also be used to determine the gradual increase in pollution level with the increase in industrial
activities in the area. However, the total water pollution load can only be assessed when the all other remaining
physiochemical parameters will be evaluated. Ultimate finding of present study is immediate need to set up one
common effluent treatment plant of adequate capacities and efficiencies for redressing the water pollution
problems especially in the Rubber Park Area of Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth Centre.
VIII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors of the paper would like to express their thanks and gratitude to Prof. Mihir Deb, Hon'ble
Chairman, Tripura State Pollution Control Board and Member Secretary, Tripura State Pollution Control Board
for providing necessary information required for the completion of the present paper.
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