A talk was given during the 2017 Computer Science Week to educate students on the effects of Fake News or misinformation and how to detect them.

1. By: Louise Ian T. de los Reyes-Aquino
Librarian, Metro-Dagupan Colleges

2. Fake News, Background
Kinds of Fake News
Types of Fake News
How it is spread
The Role of Libraries in Managing Fake News

3. Authentic material used in the wrong context
Imposter news sites designed to look like brands we
already know
Fake news sites
Fake information
Manipulated content
Parody content

4. Four broad categories of fake news (media professor Melissa Zimdars of Merrimack
College)
 CATEGORY 1: Fake, false, or regularly misleading websites that are shared on
Facebook and social media. Some of these websites may rely on “outrage” by using
distorted headlines and decontextualized or dubious information in order to
generate likes, shares, and profits.
 CATEGORY 2: Websites that may circulate misleading and/or potentially
unreliable information
 CATEGORY 3: Websites which sometimes use clickbait-y headlines and social
media descriptions
 CATEGORY 4: Satire/comedy sites, which can offer important critical commentary
on politics and society, but have the potential to be shared as actual/literal news

5. 1. Intentionally deceptive
These are news stories created entirely to deceive readers.
(Ex. 2016 US election “x celebrity has endorsed Donald
Trump”)
2. Jokes taken at face value
Humour sites such as the Onion or Daily Mash present fake
news stories in order to satirise the media. Issues can arise
when readers see the story out of context and share it with
others.

6. 3. Large-scale hoaxes
Deceptions that are then reported in good faith by reputable
news sources. A recent example would be the story that the
founder of Corona beer made everyone in his home village a
millionaire in his will.
4. Slanted reporting of real facts
Selectively-chosen but truthful elements of a story put together
to serve an agenda. One of the most prevalent examples of this
is the PR-driven science or nutrition story, such as 'x thing you
thought was unhealthy is actually good for you'.

7. 5. Stories where the ‘truth’ is contentious
On issues where ideologies or opinions clash - for example,
territorial conflicts - there is sometimes no established
baseline for truth. Reporters may be unconsciously
partisan, or perceived as such.

8.  Purveyors target an audience
 Aimed at poorly informed people
 Trolls
 Emotions

9. 1. Information Literacy
2. Media Literacy
 How to Spot Fake News
 Use a wider variety of
resources—social media,
printed material, LibGuides,
posters, bookmarks, classes,
hands-on activities.
 Real news (truth)
CRAAP

10. Teach students CRAAP…
Currency (timeliness)
Relevance (importance)
Authority (source)
Accuracy (reliability)
Purpose (reason)

12.  Banks, M. (2016). Fighting Fake News | American Libraries Magazine. [online] American Libraries Magazine. Available at:
https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2016/12/27/fighting-fake-news/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017].
 Buchanan, M. (2017). Why Fake News Spreads So Fast on Facebook. [online] Manila Standard. Available at:
http://thestandard.com.ph/opinion/columns/246029/why-fake-news-spreads-so-fast-on-facebook.html [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017].
 Carson, J. (2017). What is fake news? Its origins and how it grew in 2016. [online] The Telegraph. Available at:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/0/fake-news-origins-grew-2016/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017].
 De Smet, N. (2017). School librarians teach CRAAP to fight fake news. [online] USA TODAY. Available at:
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/07/25/school-librarians-teach-craap-fight-fake-news/507105001/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017].
 Guides.library.pdx.edu. (2017). LibGuides: Identify and Challenge Fake News: Fake News. [online] Available at:
http://guides.library.pdx.edu/c.php?g=625347&p=4359724 [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017].
 IFLA Website. (2017). Real Solutions to Fake News: How Libraries Help. [online] Available at: https://www.ifla.org/node/11584 [Accessed 13 Oct.
2017].
 Iue.libguides.com. (2017). LibGuides: Fake News: Home. [online] Available at: http://iue.libguides.com/c.php?g=595482&p=4119773 [Accessed 13 Oct.
2017].
 Morehart, P. (2017). Navigating Fake News | American Libraries Magazine. [online] American Libraries Magazine. Available at:
https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/blogs/the-scoop/navigating-fake-news/ [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017].
 Programming Librarian. (2017). Fake News: A Library Resource Round-Up. [online] Available at: http://www.programminglibrarian.org/articles/fake-
news-library-round [Accessed 13 Oct. 2017].
 Rubin, V., Chen, Y. and Conroy, N. (2016). Deception Detection for News: Three Types of Fakes. Proceedings of the Association for Information
Science and Technology, 52(1), pp.1-4.
 Tiemsin, T. (2017). Fake News is Real.