The document summarizes key aspects of the US court system, including:
1) It describes problems that arose during the Articles of Confederation period when there were no national courts and state court decisions could be ignored by other states.
2) It outlines how the Constitution established the Supreme Court and authorized Congress to create lower federal courts.
3) It provides an overview of the types of federal courts that have been established, including district courts, courts of appeals, and specialized courts like the Court of International Trade.
The document provides an overview of the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and U.S. Constitution. It describes the purpose and key aspects of each, including that the Declaration announced independence from Britain, the Articles established the first government but had weaknesses, and the Constitution established a stronger federal government with executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
There are four methods for formally amending the Constitution outlined in the document. The first method involves a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of state legislatures. Twenty-six of the twenty-seven amendments have been proposed and ratified through this process. In addition to formal amendments, the Constitution can be informally amended through executive action, legislation, court decisions, and political party practices, which have added new meanings and interpretations over time without actual changes to the text.
This document provides information about the US Congress, including:
- Key leadership positions like the Speaker of the House (Paul Ryan) and President Pro Tempore of the Senate (Orrin Hatch).
- An overview of the process for how a bill becomes law, from introduction in Congress to getting passed by both chambers and signed by the President.
- The differences between expressed and implied powers of Congress as outlined in the Constitution.
- Descriptions of common legislative terms like standing committees, conference committees, and the role they play in Congress.
The document provides information on the structure and roles of Congress, including qualifications for representatives and senators, constitutional powers of Congress, congressional leadership positions, and an overview of congressional committees and their functions. Key points covered include age and citizenship requirements for representatives and senators, enumerated powers and the elastic clause, leadership roles like the speaker of the house and president of the senate, and the types and purposes of standing, select, and conference committees.
The document provides an overview of the U.S. Congress, including its structure and functions. It discusses how Congress is divided into two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. It also describes the key roles of Congress such as lawmaking, representation, and oversight of the executive branch. The document outlines the differences between the House and Senate, including their terms of office and committee systems.
Congress is the legislative branch of the US government and is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate. The Constitution established this structure to represent both large and small states. Congress's main function is to enact laws and oversee the executive branch. The House has 435 members with 2 year terms representing single districts, while the 100 Senators have 6 year staggered terms representing entire states. Congress has broad powers to tax, spend, regulate commerce, and declare war which it uses to carry out government functions and policies.
The document provides an overview of the structure and roles of the United States Congress, which is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate. It details the composition and leadership positions of both chambers, as well as the key duties of Congress which include passing laws, representing constituents, and overseeing the federal government. Procedures like redistricting, filibusters, and the committee process are also summarized.
The document summarizes key aspects of the US court system, including:
1) It describes problems that arose during the Articles of Confederation period when there were no national courts and state court decisions could be ignored by other states.
2) It outlines how the Constitution established the Supreme Court and authorized Congress to create lower federal courts.
3) It provides an overview of the types of federal courts that have been established, including district courts, courts of appeals, and specialized courts like the Court of International Trade.
The document provides an overview of the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and U.S. Constitution. It describes the purpose and key aspects of each, including that the Declaration announced independence from Britain, the Articles established the first government but had weaknesses, and the Constitution established a stronger federal government with executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
There are four methods for formally amending the Constitution outlined in the document. The first method involves a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of state legislatures. Twenty-six of the twenty-seven amendments have been proposed and ratified through this process. In addition to formal amendments, the Constitution can be informally amended through executive action, legislation, court decisions, and political party practices, which have added new meanings and interpretations over time without actual changes to the text.
This document provides information about the US Congress, including:
- Key leadership positions like the Speaker of the House (Paul Ryan) and President Pro Tempore of the Senate (Orrin Hatch).
- An overview of the process for how a bill becomes law, from introduction in Congress to getting passed by both chambers and signed by the President.
- The differences between expressed and implied powers of Congress as outlined in the Constitution.
- Descriptions of common legislative terms like standing committees, conference committees, and the role they play in Congress.
The document provides information on the structure and roles of Congress, including qualifications for representatives and senators, constitutional powers of Congress, congressional leadership positions, and an overview of congressional committees and their functions. Key points covered include age and citizenship requirements for representatives and senators, enumerated powers and the elastic clause, leadership roles like the speaker of the house and president of the senate, and the types and purposes of standing, select, and conference committees.
The document provides an overview of the U.S. Congress, including its structure and functions. It discusses how Congress is divided into two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. It also describes the key roles of Congress such as lawmaking, representation, and oversight of the executive branch. The document outlines the differences between the House and Senate, including their terms of office and committee systems.
Congress is the legislative branch of the US government and is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate. The Constitution established this structure to represent both large and small states. Congress's main function is to enact laws and oversee the executive branch. The House has 435 members with 2 year terms representing single districts, while the 100 Senators have 6 year staggered terms representing entire states. Congress has broad powers to tax, spend, regulate commerce, and declare war which it uses to carry out government functions and policies.
The document provides an overview of the structure and roles of the United States Congress, which is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate. It details the composition and leadership positions of both chambers, as well as the key duties of Congress which include passing laws, representing constituents, and overseeing the federal government. Procedures like redistricting, filibusters, and the committee process are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the US government. It discusses that the legislative branch is established by Article I of the Constitution and consists of Congress, which is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate (a bicameral legislature). It provides details on the structure, powers, and processes of each chamber. The House has 435 members elected every two years, while the Senate has 100 members with staggered elections. Their roles include creating laws, approving appointments, and impeachment.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the US government, including its structure and processes. It discusses that Congress is bicameral with a House of Representatives and Senate. It outlines the qualifications, roles, and organization of each chamber. It also summarizes Congress's powers, the role of committees, and how a bill becomes law through both houses before being sent to the President.
The Government of the USA is based on the Constitution, which was signed in 1787 and established a federal government with powers separated between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent dictatorship. The Constitution gives Congress lawmaking powers, the President executive powers to enforce laws, and the Supreme Court judicial powers to interpret laws. A system of checks and balances ensures no single branch can gain too much power, such as Congress passing laws the President can veto or the Supreme Court striking down unconstitutional laws. Regular elections also check leaders' power by allowing voters to replace representatives who oppose the President's agenda.
The document summarizes the 7 articles of the US Constitution. Article I establishes the legislative branch and gives powers to Congress. Article II establishes the executive branch and gives powers to the presidency. Article III establishes the judicial branch and the Supreme Court. Article IV describes relations between states and guarantees protections. Article V establishes the process for amending the Constitution. Article VI establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. Article VII describes the ratification process for establishing the Constitution.
The American system of government is established by the United States Constit...Marcelo Gomes Freire
The document summarizes the three branches of the United States government - the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It provides details on the structure of Congress and the roles of the Senate and House of Representatives. It also outlines the role of the President as head of the executive branch and the makeup and duties of the Supreme Court in the judicial branch. The branches practice a system of checks and balances to distribute power across the federal government.
The document outlines the qualifications, powers, and roles of the US President as established by the Constitution. The President must be at least 35 years old, a natural born US citizen, and have lived in the country for at least 14 years. Key powers include executing federal laws, appointing officials, negotiating treaties, commanding the military, and issuing pardons. The roles of the President include chief executive, chief diplomat, chief legislator, and commander-in-chief.
The document provides information about how bills become laws in Congress and about gerrymandering. It explains the 10 step process bills must go through, including being introduced, debated in committee, voted on by both the House and Senate, and sent to the President. It also describes how political parties can manipulate redistricting to their advantage through gerrymandering when they control the state legislature, and efforts to reform the redistricting process.
The document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the federal, state, and local governments in the United States. It discusses the principles of federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances present in the US system. It then summarizes the branches of federal government including Congress, the Presidency, and the Supreme Court. It also outlines the structure of North Carolina's state and local governments.
The document summarizes the structure and branches of the US government from 1945-1989. It outlines that the government is composed of three branches: the executive branch headed by the President who enforces laws and conducts foreign affairs; the legislative branch consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate who make laws; and the judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court which interprets the Constitution. It also discusses the electoral college system for electing the President, the main political parties, and tensions between federal and state powers.
The document discusses the legislative branch of the United States government as established in Article 1 of the Constitution. It outlines that Congress is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has equal representation among states, with two senators per state, while the House has proportional representation based on population. The document also describes leadership positions and powers of Congress.
The document provides an overview of the U.S. government structure established by the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and U.S. Constitution. It summarizes the key aspects and shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutional Convention, and the three branches of government established by the Constitution: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It also briefly outlines some of the amendments to the Constitution.
The document summarizes the seven articles of the United States Constitution. Article 1 establishes the legislative branch known as Congress which makes the laws. Article 2 creates the executive branch led by the President to enforce laws. Article 3 forms the judicial branch and the Supreme Court to interpret laws. Article 4 addresses relations between states. Article 5 describes how the Constitution can be amended. Article 6 declares the Constitution as the highest law. Article 7 sets the ratification process for approving the Constitution.
The document summarizes factors that have contributed to the growth of presidential power in the United States. It discusses how the presidency is a unified office focused on leadership, and how Congress has delegated more authority to the executive branch. It also describes specific executive powers granted by the Constitution, such as commanding the armed forces. The document analyzes how presidents can influence foreign and domestic policy through tools like treaties, executive orders, and military action.
The document summarizes the structure and powers of the United States Congress. It describes Congress as a bicameral legislative body consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. It outlines the qualifications, terms, and election processes for both chambers. It also discusses the powers of Congress, including expressed powers directly granted by the Constitution as well as implied powers.
The document provides an overview of how Congress is organized and structured according to the U.S. Constitution. It discusses how Congress is made up of two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate, with different membership sizes and terms. It also describes the process by which a bill is introduced, debated through committees, amended, and voted on before potentially becoming law, which involves multiple steps and opportunities for the bill to be altered or blocked.
The US Constitution is comprised of 7 articles that form the basis of the federal government. Article I establishes the election process for Congress. Article II outlines the presidency, including requirements and duties. Article III creates the judicial system including trial by jury. Article IV prohibits discrimination against citizens of other states. Article V establishes the process for amending the Constitution. Article VI declares the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. Article VII sets the number of states needed to ratify the Constitution.
The document summarizes key aspects of the legislative branch as established in Article 1 of the US Constitution. It outlines the structure of Congress as a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. It describes the composition and roles of each chamber, including lengths of terms, minimum age and residency requirements for representatives and senators. It also summarizes powers granted to Congress and limitations on its authority.
The Three Branches of Government (Unit 3 Project)glennrmoses
This document discusses the three branches of the US government - the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. It outlines the key roles and powers of each branch as established by the Constitution, as well as the system of checks and balances between the branches to prevent any one from becoming too powerful. It also identifies some pros and cons of this system and lists some current key political figures within each branch.
The document outlines the structure of the United States Constitution, including the separation of powers into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It describes the organization of Congress and its powers, the role and qualifications of the President, and limitations on governmental powers. Key concepts covered include the bicameral legislature, Congressional lawmaking process, enumerated and implied powers, and checks and balances between the branches of government.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the U.S. government, including Congress which is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate. It discusses the composition and roles of each chamber, the election process, leadership positions, committees, and the process for introducing, debating, and passing bills into law. Key aspects covered include Congress meeting at the U.S. Capitol, the 435 members of the House serving 2 year terms, the 100 Senators serving 6 year terms with 2 per state, and the various steps a bill must go through before being sent to the President.
The Legislative Branch creates laws through Congress, which consists of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has two senators per state who serve six-year terms, while the House has 435 members based on population who serve two-year terms. Members of Congress must be at least 25 years old for the House or 30 for the Senate, citizens for at least seven or nine years respectively, and inhabitants of their states. Their roles include legislating, representing constituents, and overseeing the executive branch through committees. They receive salaries around $174,000 along with various benefits and perks.
The Legislative Branch creates laws through Congress, which consists of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has two senators per state who serve six-year terms, while the House has 435 members based on population who serve two-year terms. Members of Congress must be at least 25 years old for the House or 30 for the Senate, citizens for at least seven or nine years respectively, and inhabitants of their states. Their roles include legislating, representing constituents, and overseeing the executive branch through committees. They receive salaries around $174,000 along with various benefits and perks.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the US government. It discusses that the legislative branch is established by Article I of the Constitution and consists of Congress, which is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate (a bicameral legislature). It provides details on the structure, powers, and processes of each chamber. The House has 435 members elected every two years, while the Senate has 100 members with staggered elections. Their roles include creating laws, approving appointments, and impeachment.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the US government, including its structure and processes. It discusses that Congress is bicameral with a House of Representatives and Senate. It outlines the qualifications, roles, and organization of each chamber. It also summarizes Congress's powers, the role of committees, and how a bill becomes law through both houses before being sent to the President.
The Government of the USA is based on the Constitution, which was signed in 1787 and established a federal government with powers separated between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent dictatorship. The Constitution gives Congress lawmaking powers, the President executive powers to enforce laws, and the Supreme Court judicial powers to interpret laws. A system of checks and balances ensures no single branch can gain too much power, such as Congress passing laws the President can veto or the Supreme Court striking down unconstitutional laws. Regular elections also check leaders' power by allowing voters to replace representatives who oppose the President's agenda.
The document summarizes the 7 articles of the US Constitution. Article I establishes the legislative branch and gives powers to Congress. Article II establishes the executive branch and gives powers to the presidency. Article III establishes the judicial branch and the Supreme Court. Article IV describes relations between states and guarantees protections. Article V establishes the process for amending the Constitution. Article VI establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. Article VII describes the ratification process for establishing the Constitution.
The American system of government is established by the United States Constit...Marcelo Gomes Freire
The document summarizes the three branches of the United States government - the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It provides details on the structure of Congress and the roles of the Senate and House of Representatives. It also outlines the role of the President as head of the executive branch and the makeup and duties of the Supreme Court in the judicial branch. The branches practice a system of checks and balances to distribute power across the federal government.
The document outlines the qualifications, powers, and roles of the US President as established by the Constitution. The President must be at least 35 years old, a natural born US citizen, and have lived in the country for at least 14 years. Key powers include executing federal laws, appointing officials, negotiating treaties, commanding the military, and issuing pardons. The roles of the President include chief executive, chief diplomat, chief legislator, and commander-in-chief.
The document provides information about how bills become laws in Congress and about gerrymandering. It explains the 10 step process bills must go through, including being introduced, debated in committee, voted on by both the House and Senate, and sent to the President. It also describes how political parties can manipulate redistricting to their advantage through gerrymandering when they control the state legislature, and efforts to reform the redistricting process.
The document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the federal, state, and local governments in the United States. It discusses the principles of federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances present in the US system. It then summarizes the branches of federal government including Congress, the Presidency, and the Supreme Court. It also outlines the structure of North Carolina's state and local governments.
The document summarizes the structure and branches of the US government from 1945-1989. It outlines that the government is composed of three branches: the executive branch headed by the President who enforces laws and conducts foreign affairs; the legislative branch consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate who make laws; and the judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court which interprets the Constitution. It also discusses the electoral college system for electing the President, the main political parties, and tensions between federal and state powers.
The document discusses the legislative branch of the United States government as established in Article 1 of the Constitution. It outlines that Congress is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has equal representation among states, with two senators per state, while the House has proportional representation based on population. The document also describes leadership positions and powers of Congress.
The document provides an overview of the U.S. government structure established by the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and U.S. Constitution. It summarizes the key aspects and shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutional Convention, and the three branches of government established by the Constitution: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It also briefly outlines some of the amendments to the Constitution.
The document summarizes the seven articles of the United States Constitution. Article 1 establishes the legislative branch known as Congress which makes the laws. Article 2 creates the executive branch led by the President to enforce laws. Article 3 forms the judicial branch and the Supreme Court to interpret laws. Article 4 addresses relations between states. Article 5 describes how the Constitution can be amended. Article 6 declares the Constitution as the highest law. Article 7 sets the ratification process for approving the Constitution.
The document summarizes factors that have contributed to the growth of presidential power in the United States. It discusses how the presidency is a unified office focused on leadership, and how Congress has delegated more authority to the executive branch. It also describes specific executive powers granted by the Constitution, such as commanding the armed forces. The document analyzes how presidents can influence foreign and domestic policy through tools like treaties, executive orders, and military action.
The document summarizes the structure and powers of the United States Congress. It describes Congress as a bicameral legislative body consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. It outlines the qualifications, terms, and election processes for both chambers. It also discusses the powers of Congress, including expressed powers directly granted by the Constitution as well as implied powers.
The document provides an overview of how Congress is organized and structured according to the U.S. Constitution. It discusses how Congress is made up of two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate, with different membership sizes and terms. It also describes the process by which a bill is introduced, debated through committees, amended, and voted on before potentially becoming law, which involves multiple steps and opportunities for the bill to be altered or blocked.
The US Constitution is comprised of 7 articles that form the basis of the federal government. Article I establishes the election process for Congress. Article II outlines the presidency, including requirements and duties. Article III creates the judicial system including trial by jury. Article IV prohibits discrimination against citizens of other states. Article V establishes the process for amending the Constitution. Article VI declares the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. Article VII sets the number of states needed to ratify the Constitution.
The document summarizes key aspects of the legislative branch as established in Article 1 of the US Constitution. It outlines the structure of Congress as a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. It describes the composition and roles of each chamber, including lengths of terms, minimum age and residency requirements for representatives and senators. It also summarizes powers granted to Congress and limitations on its authority.
The Three Branches of Government (Unit 3 Project)glennrmoses
This document discusses the three branches of the US government - the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. It outlines the key roles and powers of each branch as established by the Constitution, as well as the system of checks and balances between the branches to prevent any one from becoming too powerful. It also identifies some pros and cons of this system and lists some current key political figures within each branch.
The document outlines the structure of the United States Constitution, including the separation of powers into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It describes the organization of Congress and its powers, the role and qualifications of the President, and limitations on governmental powers. Key concepts covered include the bicameral legislature, Congressional lawmaking process, enumerated and implied powers, and checks and balances between the branches of government.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the U.S. government, including Congress which is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate. It discusses the composition and roles of each chamber, the election process, leadership positions, committees, and the process for introducing, debating, and passing bills into law. Key aspects covered include Congress meeting at the U.S. Capitol, the 435 members of the House serving 2 year terms, the 100 Senators serving 6 year terms with 2 per state, and the various steps a bill must go through before being sent to the President.
The Legislative Branch creates laws through Congress, which consists of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has two senators per state who serve six-year terms, while the House has 435 members based on population who serve two-year terms. Members of Congress must be at least 25 years old for the House or 30 for the Senate, citizens for at least seven or nine years respectively, and inhabitants of their states. Their roles include legislating, representing constituents, and overseeing the executive branch through committees. They receive salaries around $174,000 along with various benefits and perks.
The Legislative Branch creates laws through Congress, which consists of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has two senators per state who serve six-year terms, while the House has 435 members based on population who serve two-year terms. Members of Congress must be at least 25 years old for the House or 30 for the Senate, citizens for at least seven or nine years respectively, and inhabitants of their states. Their roles include legislating, representing constituents, and overseeing the executive branch through committees. They receive salaries around $174,000 along with various benefits and perks.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the US government, including its members, organization, powers, and process for passing bills. It discusses that Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and Senate. The House has 435 members representing districts, while the Senate has 100 members with 2 per state. It also outlines the roles of congressional leaders, committees, and the process a bill goes through from introduction to becoming a law or not.
United States Federal Government Structure for International StudentsMolly Nichelson
I'm currently a graduate student in USC's Price School of Public Affairs, International Public Policy and Management program (IPPAM). The majority of my classmates are foreign nationals and they asked me to give a presentation on the US Federal Government structure. It's a basic overview but they were keenly interested in lobbying and PACs.
The document discusses an agenda for a government team meeting. It includes announcements, topics for discussion such as the judiciary and nominees, assignments to write speech sections and questions. Musical lyrics are also included.
Chapter 8 Government, Citizenship, and the ConstitutionTisha Stoutenburg
The document summarizes the goals, principles, and structure of the US Constitution and government. It outlines the three branches of government and their roles, as well as the system of checks and balances. It also discusses the amendment process, state and local governments, and the rights and responsibilities of US citizenship.
The document outlines the three step process for amending the US Constitution:
1. Congress proposes an amendment by a two-thirds vote in both the House and Senate. Or two-thirds of state legislatures call for a convention to propose amendments.
2. State legislatures then decide whether to ratify (approve) the proposed amendments.
3. If three-fourths of state legislatures ratify an amendment, it becomes part of the Constitution and law across the country.
The purpose of amending the Constitution is that it is a living document that can change as the country changes.
The document discusses the powers and structure of the United States Congress as established by the Constitution. It is divided into two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate, in order to establish checks and balances of power. Members of Congress exercise legislative powers to make laws, oversight of the executive branch, and represent constituents. Their powers are both explicitly stated and have been interpreted more broadly over time to address national issues. Key powers discussed include taxation, borrowing, regulating interstate commerce, coining currency, bankruptcy, foreign relations, and war powers.
Citizenship in the Nation BSA Merit Badges Slide Showmamahaug3
This document provides information about the structure and powers of the United States government as outlined in the Constitution. It discusses the three branches of government - legislative, executive, and judicial - and their basic roles and enumerated powers. For the legislative branch, it describes the House of Representatives and Senate. For the executive branch, it outlines the role and powers of the President. And for the judicial branch, it provides details on the Supreme Court.
The document provides an overview of government in the United States from the local to federal level. It discusses the separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches at the federal level as outlined in the Constitution. It also summarizes state and local governments, noting that counties and cities are granted authority by state governments. Homeowners associations are established through covenants and have limited authority over private property use. The layers of government work together with higher levels granting authority to lower ones.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the US government. It discusses the constitutional role and composition of Congress, differences between the House of Representatives and Senate, importance of political parties, and the relationship between Congress, government, and Supreme Court. Key details are provided on the makeup and roles of both the House and Senate, including powers, leadership positions, and the legislative process bills must go through.
This document provides an overview of the US Congress, including its structure and powers. It notes that Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 435 members with 2-year terms, apportioned based on state populations. The Senate has 100 members with 6-year terms, with two senators per state. Congress has expressed powers like lawmaking, taxation, borrowing, commerce regulation, and oversight of the executive branch. Bills must pass through both chambers and committees to become law.
The document provides an overview of the US Constitution, outlining the key points of each article. Article 1 establishes the legislative branch including the bicameral Congress comprised of the House and Senate. Article 2 creates the executive branch headed by the President. Article 3 forms the judicial branch and Supreme Court. The preamble introduces the Constitution's purpose of establishing a more perfect union and securing liberties.
Congress can propose constitutional amendments by a two-thirds vote in each house or by calling a national convention. The Senate must confirm all major presidential appointments by majority vote. Congress oversees the executive branch by approving treaties and appointments. Congress can impeach the president, vice president, and civil officers for treason, bribery, or other high crimes through a House vote and Senate trial.
The document provides an agenda and notes for a class on the US Constitution. It includes:
1) An introduction to the Constitution including why it is structured the way it is and key principles like federalism and separation of powers.
2) Details on the 3 branches of government and their powers as outlined in the Constitution.
3) Information on constitutional amendments including the process for amending and some that were proposed but failed.
4) Class activities like a debate on the Equal Rights Amendment and a scavenger hunt to find details in the Constitution.
The document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the US Congress. It discusses the two chambers (House of Representatives and Senate), their roles and responsibilities, committee system, and the process for how a bill becomes a law. Key points include Congress having the power to declare war, regulate commerce, and coin money. The House originates revenue bills and representation is based on population. The Senate provides advice and consent on treaties and presidential appointments.
The document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the US Congress. It discusses the two chambers (House of Representatives and Senate), their roles and responsibilities, committee system, and the process for how a bill becomes a law. Key points include Congress having the power to declare war, regulate commerce, and coin money. The House originates revenue bills and representation is based on population. The Senate provides advice and consent on treaties and presidential appointments.
Similar to Guide to teaching the U.S. Constitution (20)
The French Revolution (part 1) and the Rise of NapoleonWayne Williams
The French Revolution began due to financial crisis and tensions between the three estates of French society. The Third Estate demanded fair representation and more rights, leading to the formation of the National Assembly and the storming of the Bastille. This marked the collapse of the absolute monarchy and the beginning of the French Revolution. Key events included the adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man, reforms of the church and government, and the establishment of a new constitution creating a constitutional monarchy. However, tensions and war with other European nations continued.
Info graphic great depression poster assignmentWayne Williams
Poster Assignment- "The Great Depression: Laissez Fair or Mixed Economy? What were the causes and effects of the Great Depression. Was John Maynard Keynes correct...can federal government intervention programs help or hurt an economy that is mired in a Great Depression?
1. The document summarizes the events leading up to the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States, including British interference with American shipping and impressment of American sailors during the Napoleonic Wars.
2. It discusses the Chesapeake-Leopard affair of 1807 where a British ship fired upon an American vessel, killing three and wounding 18. In response, Jefferson forbade British ships from American ports and called up militias.
3. Economic sanctions like the Embargo Act of 1807 and Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 hurt New England but also laid the groundwork for later American industrialization, contrary to Jefferson's views.
Great article that examines the lessons that students of military history can study to learn how lessons learned from America's Indian Wars still applies to military studies today.
A study of the people and events in early American history, leading up to the American Revolution. Students will gain insight into the character of George Washington and his military background.
This document contains a rubric for grading a 3-D cell model project. Students will start with 100 points and lose points for missing or incorrectly labeling organelles, having inaccurate organelle appearances or functions, a sloppy project, submitting it late, or not making the plant or animal cell the proper shape. The rubric lists specific organelles and criteria for deductions, with the maximum point deduction of 20 for not making the project three-dimensional. The teacher emphasizes taking the project seriously to help students understand cells and improve their grade.
This document outlines lesson plans for teaching 8th grade students about simple machines over the course of a week. The lessons cover pulleys, wheels and axles, and compound machines. Students will learn how to calculate mechanical advantage, describe how each machine works, and combine simple machines into compound machines. Assessment includes worksheets, quizzes, and activities to reinforce understanding of how simple and compound machines make work easier to do.
The document discusses mechanical advantages of simple machines. It describes how inclined planes, wedges, and screws work as inclined planes to reduce the needed input force. The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is calculated by dividing the length by the height. Levers are classified based on the location of the fulcrum relative to the input and output forces. First, second, and third class levers are distinguished. Examples of levers in the human body like the head, legs, and arms are provided and their classifications explained.
This document provides materials for an 8th grade science lesson on machines. Over four days, students will learn about how machines make work easier by changing factors like force, distance, and direction of force. They will explain how machines provide mechanical advantage and calculate efficiency. Activities include watching videos, reading passages, answering questions, completing worksheets, and taking a quiz to assess understanding of measuring efficiency, mechanical advantage, and how machines reduce the amount of work required.
Nixon; Ending Vietnam, Detente and New FederalismWayne Williams
This document outlines a US History lesson plan on the Nixon administration's policies from 1970 to 1973. It discusses the Kent State shootings and resulting anti-war protests, Nixon's negotiations through Kissinger to end US involvement in Vietnam, the effects of the Vietnam War domestically and internationally, Nixon's détente policies to relax tensions with the Soviet Union and China, and his New Federalism program to devolve some federal powers to state and local governments under the Constitution. Students are instructed to answer questions on these topics for assessment.
The United States became involved in Vietnam in the 1950s to contain the spread of communism in Asia according to the domino theory. The US supported the French in their colonial war and later the South Vietnamese government against communist insurgents. Over time, US involvement escalated and led to widespread domestic protest as the war dragged on without clear success. Key events like the Tet Offensive turned public opinion against the war. The Vietnam War ended in 1975 with a communist victory in Vietnam after the US withdrew.
The assassination of President John F. Kennedy took place on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas. As his motorcade was passing through Dealey Plaza, shots rang out and Kennedy was fatally wounded. The Texas School Book Depository building nearby was secured by police and a sniper's nest was found that was later linked to Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald was arrested as the prime suspect but was then shot and killed by Jack Ruby before he could stand trial.
Article assignment; George Soros using American tax monies to overthrow forei...Wayne Williams
1. Judicial Watch, a conservative watchdog group, filed a lawsuit against the US Department of State and US Agency for International Development to investigate how American taxpayer funds were being used by George Soros' groups to influence politics in Macedonia.
2. The lawsuit alleges that USAID, working with elements from the Obama administration, funneled $5 million to Soros-backed groups in Macedonia through Soros' Open Society Foundation, and planned to disburse another $9.5 million, in order to undermine the institutions and policies of Macedonia's conservative government.
3. Senators and Representatives have called for an investigation and audit into whether the US is interfering in Macedonia's domestic politics in violation of
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Guide to teaching the U.S. Constitution
1. A Guide to Teaching the United
States Constitution
This project was funded by a Robert
H. Michel grant in conjunction with
the Dirksen Congressional Center
3. Introduction to the U.S.
Constitution
• Written in Philadelphia
• Original intent was to
revise the Articles
• James Madison was the
“Father” of the
Constitution
• 39 men signed it in 1787
4. The Preamble—The Introduction
to the Constitution
• Two main Questions found in the Preamble:
1. Why they are writing it?
(to form a more perfect union)
2. What are the goals to be reached?
(establish justice, insure domestic
tranquility, provide for the common
defense, promote the general welfare, and
secure the blessings of liberty)
5. Constitution
• How the Constitution
is divided:
1. Articles—the
major divisions
2. Sections---
divisions of an article
3. Clauses---
divisions of a section
6. Article I---Legislative Branch
• Section One—What is a Congress?
1. Bicameral Legislature---There are two
houses, a Senate and House of
Representatives.
• Section Two---House of Representatives
1. Clause One
A Representative serves a two year
term
7. 2. Clause Two---What are the Qualifications for a
member of the U.S. House of Representatives?
•25 years old
•7 year citizen of the United States
•Resident of the state one is elected in
8. 3. Clause Three--Who determines the amount of
Representatives each state will receive?
(Congress)
Why does California have more members in the
House of Representatives than Minnesota?
(Discuss the Great Compromise)
What if half of California’s population moved
to Minnesota?
Reapportionment---Creating new districts
every ten years to adjust for population changes
9. Reapportionment---How it Works
1. Take a census every ten years
2. Congress totals the number of
Reps. each state will get (that
total must equal 435)
3. Congress will notify the state
legislatures of any changes
4. State legislatures will determine
new district boundaries
5. New districts will allow for new
elections for the House of Reps
10. Clause Three continued
Gerrymandering--Redrawing district lines to
favor a political party
One man – one vote (each district has to have
about the same number of people)
Seven states with one U.S. Representative: (North
Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Vermont, Alaska,
Delaware, South Dakota)
11. 4. Clause Four-- What happens if a Representative dies in
office?
Usually a governor will issue an election to fill the
vacancy
5. Clause Five---Where does the impeachment process start?
The House of Reps. will start the impeachment process
Andrew Johnson---First U.S. President to be
impeached, but fell one vote shy of the Senate’s
conviction
Richard Nixon---Resigned before official impeachment
could take place
Bill Clinton---Impeachment articles were passed by the
U.S. House of Reps, but the Senate found him NOT
12. House Officers - 108th Congress
Speaker of the House (J. Dennis Hastert) -
Controls the discussion of the floor
Majority Leader (Tom Delay) - Helps the speaker
& leads his party
Majority Whip (Roy Blunt) - Helps majority
leader
Minority Leader (Nancy Pelosi) - Serves as a
watchdog over the majority party
Minority Whip ( Steny Hoyer)—Helps minority
leader
13. Section Three---The Senate
1. Clause One - How is a Senator different from a
member of the House of Representatives?
Senators term is 6 years
1 voter per Senator
2 Senators per state (all states get the same amount)
Originally Senators were chosen by state legislatures
Today chosen by direct election (17th
Amendment)
14. 2. Clause Two--Is it possible for both Senators from one state to
be up for re-election at the same time? (No)
All of the members from the first Senate did not get a 6 year
term.
The founding fathers wanted the Senate to have experienced
members so they created a staggered election.
First class = 2 year term
Second class = 4 year term
Third class = 6 year term
Never will the Senators term from one state be up for re-
election at the same time
15. 3. Clause Three - What are the qualifications for a
Senator?
30 years old
9 year citizen of the United States
Be a resident of the state you are elected from
4. Clause Four—
The Vice-President (Dick Cheney) of the U.S. is the
President of the Senate (very little power and
seldom is seen on the Senate Floor )
President of the Senate (Cheney) only votes if there
is a tie
16. 5. Clause Five -Officers of the Senate - 108th Congress
President of the Pro Tempore (Ted Stevens) - presides
temporarily when vice-president is not available (very
little power)
Majority Leader (Bill Frist) - controls the agenda of the
majority party
Majority Whip (Mitch McConnell) - helps the majority
leader
Minority Leader (Tom Daschle) - A watchdog function
over the majority party
Minority Whip (Harry Reid) - helps the minority leader
17. 6. Trial of Impeachments - Does the Senate actually serve
as the Jury in impeachment proceedings? (Yes)
Senate tries impeachments (acts as a jury)
House of Reps. introduces the Articles of
Impeachment
House needs a majority (218) vote to bring up
charges
Senate needs 2/3s majority (67) to convict
18. 7. Clause Seven—What happens if someone is impeached?
A guilty conviction on the Articles of Impeachment is
removal from office
A U.S. President cannot be pardoned if found guilty by
2/3s of the Senate (part of the checks and balance system)
19. Section Four - When Does
Congress Meet in Washington,
D.C.?
1. Clause one - When are the
national elections held?
At one time federal elections were
not uniform. Some states held them
on different days and months.
National Election Day was set by
Congress (1st
Tuesday after the first
Monday of November)
20. 2. Clause Two - So When does Congress Meet?
Must meet one time a year (Why?)
1933—20th
Amendment established January 3rd
as the
meeting date (a two year working period)
21. Section Five—Rules of
Procedures
1. Clause One - Can an elected official be removed from
office? (Yes)
Each House determines the qualifications of their
members
Brigham Roberts—1901, polygamist from Utah,
The Senate refused to seat him
Victor Berger—1919, Socialist from Wisconsin,
The House refused to seat him
Adam Powell—1967, African-American who
allegedly misappropriated federal funds
The House refused to seat him
Powell v McCormack(1969) - SC allowed Powell his
seat in the House of Representatives
22. 2. Clause Two—Does the House and the Senate following the
same proceedings and rules? (No)
House of Reps and the Senate have different rules
Filibuster—Delaying a bill through the use of discussion
Senate has Filibusters, House is more stringent on how they
control debate so they do not
Strom Thurmond—longest filibuster, 24 hours 18 minutes
Cloture rule—rule in the Senate that will end a filibuster if
60 Senators agree to vote for the closing of debate
Censure—punishing a member of Congress, take away
some of their power or seniority
23. 3. Clause Three - Can I get information about how a member of
Congress voted? (Yes)
Congressional Journal—Published at the end of the
session, contains the bare facts about the session
Congressional Record—Published daily, includes word
for word what people had to say
Sunshine Law—All meetings must be open to the public
and all records about the session are open to the public as
well
24. 4. Clause Four - Can the House and the Senate adjourn at different
times?
Adjourn—to stop meeting
Consent—Need consent of the other house if you are going
to adjourn for more than three days (law making process
would stop if only one house adjourns, usually joint
adjournment)
25. Section Six—Privileges and
Restrictions
1. Clause One - What is the salary and benefits
for a member of Congress?
Compensation—members of Congress will be paid
($150,000 per year)
Congressional immunity-can’t be arrested for
minor crimes when traveling to or from Congress
(breach of peace, treason, felony, are not exempt
from this immunity)
Slander—saying something that is not true, they
can do this in the House and Senate (done so that
speech is not limited or censored)
Franking—free mail service
26. Other Privileges
Salary
Travel expense account
Office in D.C. and their state
Special allowance for stationary, phone calls, faxes
Pension
Some tax exemptions
15% of salary for speaking engagements
Unlimited income from book royalties
27. 2. Clause Two - Can a member of Congress also be a federal
judge? (No)
Separation of Powers—can’t hold two offices at once
from different branches of government
28. Section 7
Method of Passing Bills
1. Clause One - Where do tax bills start?
All tax bills start in the House.
29. 2. Clause Two - How does a bill become a law?
Procedures vary slightly in each house and all bills must go
through committee work before they get to the floor. Here is a
simple overview:
First method—passes one house by majority vote, passes
second house by majority vote, goes to president, president
signs it into law
Second method—passes one house by majority vote,
passes second house by majority vote, goes to president,
president vetoes, goes back to house it originated in and
must pass by 2/3 vote, then goes to next house and must
pass by 2/3 vote to become a law
Third method-- passes one house by majority vote, passes
second house by majority vote, goes to president, president
delays action for ten days excluding Sundays, becomes law
30. Pocket Veto - What if Congress adjourns and a bill has not
been signed by the President?
Passes one house by majority vote, passes second house by
majority vote, goes to president, delays action for ten days
excluding Sundays, within that time Congress adjourns,
BILL DOES NOT BECOME A LAW (Reagan had 8 pocket
vetoes)
3. Clause Three - Can the Congress express their opinion
without creating a formal law? (Yes)
Resolution—a formal expression of opinion or will
Simple resolution—deals with the matters of one
house
Concurrent—deals with both houses Joint—deals
with both houses and goes to the president for
approval
31. Section Eight
Powers Delegated to Congress
1. Clause One - Why can Congress collect taxes?
Congress can collect taxes for three purposes:
Pay off debts
Provide defense
Provide for the common welfare
32. 2. Clause Two - Can Congress Borrow Money?
They can borrow money on the credit of the United
States (selling bonds is one example)
Debt—Total amount of money that the government
owes ( currently over $6 trillion)
Deficit—Yearly amount of money that the government
owes
3. Clause Three - Can Congress regulate trade?
Interstate—Trade between two or more states
Intrastate—Trade within a state
Congress can only regulate interstate trade
33. 4. Clause Four—Naturalization and Bankruptcy
Natural born citizen—born in the United States
Naturalized citizen—foreigner becoming a citizen by
following rules set by Congress
Jus soli - “law of land” - if you are born here you are a
citizen
Jus sanguinis - “law of blood”- if one of your parents is
an American citizen then you are as well
A naturalized citizen can never be President of the U.S.
Bankruptcy—courts declare bankruptcy
34. 5. Clause Five - Can a bank make money? (No)
Congress will make money
Congress will set up our weights and measures
1831—English system (foot-pound-mile)
1866—if states wanted to, they could go on the metric
system
We are the only large country not on the metric system
6. Clause Six -
Congress will punish counterfeiters
Minting edge - lip on penny and nickel
35. 7. Clause Seven - Mail Service
Federal government will establish a mail service
8. Clause Eight
Congress promotes inventions
Copyrights—Secures rights of ownership for the life of the
owner (publications and literature)
Patents—Secures the rights of inventors generally for 20
years
36. 9. Clause Nine
Congress establishes and abolishes courts
10. Clause Ten
Congress can punish for crimes committed on
the water
11. Clause Eleven
Only Congress can declare war—power to many
people as opposed to one
Marque and Reprisal—allowing pirates (Treaty of
Paris outlaws this)
War Powers Resolution (1973) - Attempted to limit
presidential power of war
37. 12. Clause Twelve
Congress controls the power of the purse regarding the
military
Can’t allow stock piling of money
13. Clause Thirteen
Congress can maintain a navy
14. Clause Fourteen
Congress establishes rules for the military
Court martial - Court proceedings that
follow military laws
38. 15. Clause Fifteen
Congress governs state militias (National Guard)
National guard can be deployed for three reasons:
Execute laws of the union
Suppress insurrections (riots)
Repel invasions
16. Clause Sixteen
Congress allows the states to appoint National Guard
officers and train their own soldiers
39. 17. Clause Seventeen—Who controls the District of Columbia?
Washington, in the District of Columbia, is a federal city
under the control of Congress
Since 1973, people of the city elect their own officials
18. Clause Eighteen—Necessary and Proper Clause
Congress has the power to establish any rules they
deem necessary and proper
Elastic Clause—expands the powers of Congress
40. Section Nine—Powers Denied to
the Federal Government
1. Clause One - What about the issues of slavery?
Congress stopped the importation of slaves in 1808
Use the word “such persons” as opposed to
“slaves”
2. Clause Two - Can I be thrown in jail for having blue eyes?
(No)
Habeas corpus - “you have the body” - You have the
right to test the legality of your detention - judge is not
concerned with guilt or innocence
The writ can be suspended in times of rebellion,
invasion, or the public safety requires it (Abraham
Lincoln during Civil War)
41. 3. Clause Three
Congress cannot pass a bill of attainder (legislative act
against a named person)
Congress makes a law that says Mike Sims is a thief and
will serve 25 years in prison - This is Unconstitutional!!
Congress cannot pass an ex post facto law (after the fact)
Betty Boone sells fireworks on July 4th - On July 10th,
Congress passes a law that makes it illegal to sell fireworks
and tries to punish Betty for what she did on July 4th4. Clause four
Congress cannot put a direct tax on an individual (16th
amendment overrides this)
5. Clause five
Congress cannot tax an export
42. 6. Clause Six
Import taxes must be the same at all ports.
7. Clause Seven
Congress controls the federal budget
8. Clause Eight - Can I receive a title of Duke or
Earl of the U.S.?
Titles of nobility will not be granted
Any gifts from foreign countries must
approved by Congress
43. Section Ten
Powers Denied to the States
1. Clause One - Can Minnesota create an alliance with
Canada? (No)
States cannot form treaties or alliances with any
other states or countries
States cannot coin money
44. 2. Clause Two
States can not tax imports or exports with the consent of
Congress
3. Clause Three
States can not harbor troops in times of peace
States can not engage in war
45. Article II—Executive Branch
Section One—President &
Vice President
1. Clause one—How long is the President in office?
Four year terms
1951—22 Amendment changed it to a maximum
of 2 terms or ten years
FDR served the most years in office (12)
Grover Cleveland served 2 nonconsecutive terms
(22nd & 24th President of the United States)
46. 2. Clause Two - How is the U.S. President elected?
Electors—Presidential voters
Electoral college—system used to elect the President,
founders didn’t want a pure form of democracy, wanted a
representative democracy
538=total number of Presidential electors, must have
270 to become president
Purpose of the electoral college---give each state
somewhat equal representation
47. 3. Clause Three—former method of electoral college
(changed by 12th
Amendment)
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr each had the
same number of electoral votes (73)
Tie would go to the House of Representatives and
each state gets one vote, still have to get a majority
Election of 1860 Popular Votes Electoral
Lincoln 1, 866,352 180
Douglas 1,375,157 12
Breckenridge 847,953 72
Bell 589,581 39
48. Close Elections in History
Popular Votes Electoral Votes
Hayes (1876) 4,033,950 185
Tilden (1876) 4, 284,855 184
Bush (2000) 50,456, 169 271
Gore (2000) 50, 996, 116 266
4. Clause 4 - When does the Electoral College vote?
Official ballot for President is cast by the Electoral
College
Electoral College—cast votes on the first Monday after the
second Wednesday in December
49. 5. Clause Five—What are the qualifications for U.S. President?
35 years old, 14 year resident, natural born citizen
1st
seven presidents were not natural born
1st
natural born was Martin Van Buren
Youngest—Teddy Roosevelt=42
Youngest elected—John Kennedy=43
Oldest—Ronald Reagan=69
6. Clause Six - Changed by the 25th Amendment
The amendment provides for involuntary removal of the
President from his power.
50. 7. Clause Seven - Can the Congress decrease the President’s
salary midway through the term? (No)
Can not increase or decrease during the term
Can not receive any other salary from the federal
government during the term
Pays taxes on the income
2001 - Salary doubled to $400,000/ year
8. Clause Eight - The Presidential Oath
Any judge can swear a president into office, most
common is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Calvin Coolidge—Sworn in by his father - a Justice of
the Peace
LBJ—sworn in on Air Force One by a Dallas judge
51. Section Two
Powers of the President
1. Clause One—What are the Military Powers?
President is the head of the military -
Commander in Chief
President can grant pardons to criminals who
have committed federal crimes
2. Clause Two—Treaties and Appointments
President needs approval by the U.S. Senate to
create certain and specific treaties and
appointments
3. Clause Three - What if an ambassador dies when the
Senate is in recess?
The President can fill position by temporarily
52. Section Three
What are the Duties of the
President?
State of the Union Address - The President explains
the condition of the country - usually in January
President can convene and adjourn Congress in the
event of a special circumstance
Main job is to see that the laws are faithfully
executed
53. Section Four--Impeachment
President, Vice President, and all civil officers can
be impeached
Can only be impeached for three things: treason,
bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.
Judges are civil officers that are the most often
convicted of impeachment
Members of the Congress are expelled by their own
house, they do not go through the formal impeachment
process
54. Article III—Judicial Branch
Section One—Federal Courts
1. Clause One - Who interprets the law?
Judicial branch interprets the law (Courts)
Legislative makes the law (Congress)
Executive enforces the law (President)
Judicial powers—the power to hear cases
Federal Judges are appointed by the President and
approved by the Senate
55.
56. Section Two—Jurisdiction of the
Federal Courts
1. Clause One—Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction—power and right to apply law
Plaintiff—one who brings charges
Defendant—one being charged
Criminal case—when government is
plaintiff (California vs. O.J. Simpson)
Civil case—between two or more people
(O. J. Simpson vs. Goldman family)
57. 2. Clause Two - How does a case reach the Supreme Court?
SC has two kinds of jurisdiction:
a. Original—a case is first heard by the SC
b. Appellate—cases that are appealed by a lower court
(Most cases come to the SC through appellate
jurisdiction)
Thousands of cases are brought to the SC each year
About 75 are heard each year
Writ of Certiorari—an order from a higher court to a
lower court to see the records and proceedings of a
previous case
58. 3. Clause Three—Conduct of Trials
Guarantees a trial by jury in federal courts
Extradition—returning a fugitive to the state in which the
crime was committed
59. Section Three--Treason
1. Clause One - What is treason?
Only crime defined in the Constitution (helping a
nation’s enemies or carrying out war against your
country)
2 ways of being convicted:
1. Confession in court room
2. Having two witnesses testify against you
2. Clause Two - What is the penalty for treason?
Treason can only happen during time of war
Maximum penalty is death
Espionage, Sabotage, conspiracy to overthrow the
government are all similar to treason but happen
during times of peace
60. Article IV—Relations Among the
States
Section One—Official Acts
1. Clause One - I live in Minnesota do I have to follow the
rules of North Dakota? (Yes - full faith and credit)
Each state shall respect legal action of another state
(marriage licenses, speed limits, fines, drivers license)
61. Section Two—Privileges of
Citizens
1. Clause One - Can I buy a lake home in
Minnesota if I live in Illinois? (Yes)
State cannot discriminate against you
because you are a citizen of another state
2. Clause Two—Extradition
Bringing back a fugitive (interstate rendition)
“shall”—tradition, custom, and the courts have
interpreted this to mean “may”
Governors can refuse to return a fugitive
62. 3. Clause Three—Fugitive slaves (nonexistent) - Changed by
amendment after the Civil War.
“persons” refer to slaves
If a slave escapes from a slave state to a free state, the
slave is not free
63. Section Three—New States
1. Clause One - How does a state become admitted to the
Union?
Only Congress can admit states
2. Clause Two -
Congress will make all laws for all U.S. territories
64. Section Four -
Guarantees of the State
The federal government guarantees each state a
republic
Republic—Representative democracy where we elect
officials to represent our concerns
The government will protect us from invasions
65. Article V
Methods of Amendments
1st
Method - need 2/3 of Congress to PROPOSE an Amendment
2nd
Method - need 2/3 of the state legislatures to ask Congress for
a national convention to propose an Amendment (this method has
never been used)
Need 3/4 of all states to actually ratify or APPROVE an
Amendment. This is done by state legislatures or a special
ratifying convention.
Over 4000 proposed Amendments since the early 1800s
Only 27 have been ratified
1st
Ten Amendments were a package deal, 18 and 21 cancel
each other out, leaves 15 separate Amendments that went through
the process
66. Article VI—General Provisions
Section One - Could the new government evade debts owed
as a result of the Revolutionary War?
New government can’t evade old debts
Section Two - Is the federal law the supreme law of the land?
Yes - State law cannot override a federal law
Section Three—all officers, state and federal, must take an
oath to support the U.S. Constitution
Can’t have a religious requirement has part of the Oath
67. Article Seven--Ratification
Section One—
Convention—calling of delegates from each state
to ratify the Constitution
Must have nine states to approve the Constitution
68. CLOSURE
Constitution was finished September 17, 1787
55 total delegates during the convention
42 were present on the final day but only
39 people signed the Constitution
The following two years provided debate for ratification
The United States Constitution took effect April 30 , 1789
when George Washington was sworn in as President