1. Growth and development refers to the increase in size and complexity of organs and tissues in the body as well as the maturation of functional systems. 2. Factors that affect growth and development include genetic factors, environmental factors during prenatal and postnatal periods, and social factors. 3. Physical growth is assessed by measuring body weight, length, head circumference, and chest circumference over time according to standard charts. Motor development, language acquisition, and social/behavioral development are also important aspects of child development.

1. ‫الرحیم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬

2. Growth and development
‫تعریف‬
:
‫داخل‬ ‫ومواد‬ ‫حجرات‬ ‫شدن‬ ‫زیاد‬ ‫از‬ ‫عبارت‬
‫بزرگ‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫نتیجه‬ ‫در‬ ‫که‬ ‫میباشد‬ ‫حجروی‬
‫میگردد‬
(
quantity
)
.

3. Development
‫سستم‬ ‫وظیفوی‬ ‫شدن‬ ‫پخته‬ ‫از‬ ‫عبارت‬
‫های‬
‫عصبی‬ ‫سستم‬ ً‫ا‬‫مخصوص‬ ‫مختلف‬
myelination of CNS

4. Factors affecting growth and
development
.1
Genetic factors
:
(a
Phenotype
:
(b
Characteristic of parents
(c
Race
(d
Sex
(e
Masturation
(f
Genetic disorders
•
Gene mutation
•
Chromosomal abnormality

5. Envioronmental factors
.a
Children of multiple pregnancy
.b
Prenatal period
.c
Post natal period

Nutrition

Infection and infestation

Chemical agents

Trauma

Hormonal factors

6. Social factors
.1
‫خوب‬ ‫اقتصاد‬
.2
‫طبیعی‬ ‫منابع‬
.3
‫اقلیم‬
.4
‫کلتور‬

7. Laws of growth
‫ودوامداراست‬ ‫منظم‬ ‫پروسه‬ ‫یک‬ ‫وتکامل‬ ‫نشونماء‬
.
‫مینماید‬ ‫فرق‬ ‫طفل‬ ‫هر‬ ‫نشونماءدر‬
.
.a
Ectomorph
.b
Endomorph
.c
mesomorph

8. Periods of growth
Prenatal period
 Ovum 0—14 d
 Embryo 14d—9w
 Fetus 9w—birth
 Perinatal 22w of gest.—
7d after birth
Post natal period
 New born first 4 weeks
 Infancy 1—12 mo
 Toddlers 1—3 yrs
 Pre school child 3—6yrs
 School age child
 (boys) 6—10yrs
 (girls) 6—12yrs
 Adolescence 10—19yrs

9. Assisment of physical growth
 Body measurment
 Weight
 Length
 Head circumference
 Chest
circumference
 Velocity of growth
Velocity of growth=
Initial height – height in
next measurement
Period of time between two
(years)

10. Weight measurement
formulas:
Age kg Lb
1—12mo Age in month+9
2
Age in month+11
1—6yrs Age in yrs x 2+8 Age in yrs x5+17
7—12yrs Age in yrs x7-5
2
Age in yrs x7+5

11. Height
 Birth 50
 3 mo 60cm
 9mo 70cm
 1year 75cm
 2year 90-95cm
 2—12yrs Age in yrs x 6 + 77

12. Head circumference
 Birth 35cm
 3 mo 40cm
 1year 45cm
 2yrs 48cm
 12yrs 52cm

13. Anomaly of Head
 Large head
 Hydrocephalus
 Rickets
 Syphilis
 Chondrodystrophy
 Small head
 Craniosynostosis
 Mental Retardation

14. Dentition
 Primary Dentition
 Permanent Dentition

15. Primary Dentition
Teeth Age/Month
Lower Incisor (Central) 5-8 mo
Upper Incisor (Central) 6-9 mo
Lateral Incisor 9-12 mo
First Molar 12 mo
Canine 18-12 mo
Second Molar 12-24 mo

16. Permanent Teeth
First Molar 6 yrs
Central & Lateral
Incisor
6-8 yrs
Canine Premolar 9-12 yrs
Second Molars 12 yrs
Third Molars 18 yrs

17. Development
1. Motor System
2. Language
3. Social and Behavior

18. Motor System
1. Ventral
2. Supine
3. Prone
4. Sitting
5. Walking
6. Standing

19. Prone Position
Few Days Head to one side
One Month Chin up at midline
Three Month Left Hand and Upper Part of
Forearms
Six Months His head and Chest
Five to Eight Months Rolling on Bed
Eight Months Crawling on Bed
Ten Months Keeping Abdomen up from
Ground

20. Language Development
1. Hearing
2. Sounds
3. Understanding
4. True Speech

21. ‫توفیق‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫ومن‬