2. Content
• Green Chemistry
• Green Nanotechnology
• Importance
• Policies and Legislation
• Conclusions
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Team Member
• Anuar Hisham bin Ahmad@Awang
• Azhan
• Ricky
3. Green Chemistry
What Is It?
• Green chemistry is the design of
chemical products and processes
that reduce or eliminate the use or
generation of hazardous substances.
• Green chemistry is the design of
chemical products and processes
that reduce or eliminate the use or
generation of hazardous substances.
Green chemistry applies across the
life cycle of a chemical product,
including its design, manufacture,
use, and ultimate disposal.
Applications
• Green chemistry applies across the life
cycle of a chemical product, including its
design, manufacture, use, and ultimate
disposal.
• Scope of these of green chemistry and
engineering principles go beyond
concerns over hazards from chemical
toxicity and include energy
conservation, waste reduction, and life
cycle considerations such as the use of
more sustainable or renewable
feedstocks and designing for end of life
or the final disposition of the product.
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4. 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
1. Prevent waste: Design chemical syntheses to prevent waste. Leave no waste to treat or clean up.
2. Maximize atom economy: Design syntheses so that the final product contains the maximum proportion of the
starting materials. Waste few or no atoms.
3. Design less hazardous chemical syntheses: Design syntheses to use and generate substances with little or no
toxicity to either humans or the environment.
4. Design safer chemicals and products: Design chemical products that are fully effective yet have little or no
toxicity.
5. Use safer solvents and reaction conditions: Avoid using solvents, separation agents, or other auxiliary chemicals.
If you must use these chemicals, use safer ones.
6. Increase energy efficiency: Run chemical reactions at room temperature and pressure whenever possible.
7. Use renewable feedstocks: Use starting materials (also known as feedstocks) that are renewable rather than
depletable. The source of renewable feedstocks is often agricultural products or the wastes of other processes; the
source of depletable feedstocks is often fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas, or coal) or mining operations.
8. Avoid chemical derivatives: Avoid using blocking or protecting groups or any temporary modifications if possible.
Derivatives use additional reagents and generate waste.
9. Use catalysts, not stoichiometric reagents: Minimize waste by using catalytic reactions. Catalysts are effective in
small amounts and can carry out a single reaction many times.They are preferable to stoichiometric reagents, which
are used in excess and carry out a reaction only once.
10. Design chemicals and products to degrade after use: Design chemical products to break down to innocuous
substances after use so that they do not accumulate in the environment.
11. Analyze in real time to prevent pollution: Include in-process, real-time monitoring and control during syntheses
to minimize or eliminate the formation of byproducts.
12. Minimize the potential for accidents: Design chemicals and their physical forms (solid, liquid, or gas) to
minimize the potential for chemical accidents including explosions, fires, and releases to the environment.
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5. Future of Green Chemistry
• Attempts are being made not only
to quantify the greenness of a
chemical process but also to factor
in other variables such as chemical
yield, the price of reaction
components, safety in handling
chemicals, hardware demands,
energy profile and ease of product
workup and purification.
• Green chemistry is increasingly seen
as a powerful tool that researchers
must use to evaluate the
environmental impact
of nanotechnology.
• As nano materials are developed,
the environmental and human
health impacts of both the products
themselves and the processes to
make them must be considered to
ensure their long-term economic
viability.
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6. INTRODUCTION
6
What is Nanotechnology?
The branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100
nanometers, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.
Origin
In 1959 by renowned physicist Richard Feynman in his talk There’s Plenty of Room at the
Bottom
What is so special about the Nanoscale?
Nanoparticles are so small they contain just a few atoms to a few thousand atoms, as opposed
to bulk materials that might contain many billions of atoms. This difference is what causes
nano materials to behave differently than their bulk counterparts.
7. GREEN NANOTECHNOLOGY
Green nanotechnology has been described as the development of clean technologies, to
minimize potential environmental and human health risks associated with the manufacture
and use of nanotechnology products, and to encourage replacement of existing products with
new nano-products that are more environmentally friendly throughout their lifecycle.
Nanoproducts or nanomaterials can:
▶ Desalinate water
▶ Treat pollutants.
▶ Make solar cells much more cost efficient
▶ Save fuel
▶ Reduce materials used for production.
▶ Reduce pollution from energy generation.
▶ Help conserve fossil fuels.
▶ Enhance battery life (that could lead to less material use and less waste).
4
contd.
8. NANO SOLAR CELLS
solar
How can Nanotechnology improve
cells?
▶ Reduced manufacturing costs
▶ Reduced installation costs
▶ Making solar cells ultra-thin reduces
their material costs.
8
10. NANOFILTRATION
▶ Membrane filtration process for surface
water and fresh groundwater softening and
removal of disinfection
▶ Variety of materials can be used to make the
membrane
▶ Nanofiltration membranes have pore size smaller
than that used
in microfiltration and ultrafiltration
▶ No extra sodium ions, as used in ion exchangers
▶ Many separation processes do not operate at
room temperature as nanofilteration
(e.g.distillation)
contd.
10
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Policies and legislation (1)
1. Green Chemistry Policies: Green chemistry policies encourage the design, development, and use of chemical products and
processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. These policies typically focus on the
following principles:
a. Prevention: Emphasizing the design of chemical processes and products to minimize waste generation and the use of
hazardous materials.
b. Atom Economy: Promoting efficient use of resources and maximizing the incorporation of atoms into the final product,
reducing waste generation.
c. Safer Chemicals: Encouraging the use of chemicals with low toxicity to human health and the environment.
d. Renewable Feedstocks: Promoting the use of renewable raw materials and feedstocks in chemical production.
e. Energy Efficiency: Encouraging energy-efficient chemical processes to minimize energy consumption and environmental
impact.
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Policies and legislation (2)
2. Green Nanotechnology Policies: Green nanotechnology policies focus on the responsible development and
application of nanotechnology to minimize potential environmental and health risks associated with
nanomaterials and nanodevices. These policies typically address the following aspects:
a. Life Cycle Assessment: Encouraging the evaluation of environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of
nanotechnology products, including raw material extraction, manufacturing, use, and disposal.
b. Sustainable Nanomaterials: Promoting the development and use of nanomaterials with minimal environmental
and health hazards.
c. Nanowaste Management: Addressing the safe handling, disposal, and recycling of nanomaterials and nano-based
products to prevent environmental contamination.
d. Risk Assessment and Mitigation: Encouraging the assessment and management of potential risks associated with
nanotechnology, including exposure to nanomaterials and their effects on human health and the environment.
e. Public Engagement and Awareness: Promoting communication and collaboration between stakeholders, including
researchers, industry, regulators, and the public, to ensure responsible and informed decision-making.
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This study presents a comparative analysis of the national nanotechnology policies in Malaysia, the European Union (EU), and
the United States (US). Nanotechnology, the science and engineering of manipulating matter at the nanoscale, has emerged as
a critical field with significant potential for economic growth and societal impact. Recognizing its importance, governments
worldwide have formulated policies to foster the development and regulation of nanotechnology.
In Malaysia, the national nanotechnology policy aims to position the country as a regional leader in nanotechnology research,
development, and commercialization. The policy emphasizes collaboration between academia, industry, and government
agencies to promote innovation, entrepreneurship, and capacity building. Key areas of focus include nanomaterials,
nanoelectronics, nanomedicine, and nanomanufacturing.
The European Union has adopted a comprehensive approach to nanotechnology governance through its "Responsible
Development of Nanotechnology" strategy. This strategy emphasizes responsible research and innovation, risk assessment and
management, ethical considerations, and public engagement. The EU aims to ensure the safe and sustainable development and
application of nanotechnology while maximizing its societal benefits.
The United States has established a National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), which coordinates federal research and
development efforts in nanotechnology across various agencies. The NNI focuses on advancing fundamental understanding,
fostering technology transfer, and addressing environmental, health, and safety concerns. It promotes interdisciplinary
research, public-private partnerships, and education and outreach programs to support nanotechnology's responsible
development.
Title: National Nanotechnology Policies in Malaysia, European Union, and United States: A Comparative
Analysis
14. CONCLUSION
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green technology and nanotechnology hold tremendous potential for addressing environmental challenges, promoting sustainability, and
driving technological innovation. By integrating principles of sustainability, resource efficiency, and responsible development, these
fields can contribute to a greener and more sustainable future. Here are some key points:
1.Environmental Benefits: Green technology and nanotechnology offer solutions to mitigate environmental issues by reducing pollution,
conserving resources, and promoting sustainable practices. They enable the development of cleaner energy sources, more efficient manufacturing
processes, and environmentally friendly products.
2.Resource Efficiency: These technologies aim to optimize the use of resources, minimize waste generation, and maximize the efficiency of
energy and material consumption. Green chemistry and green nanotechnology emphasize the use of renewable feedstocks, waste reduction, and
recycling to achieve resource efficiency.
3.Risk Mitigation: Both green technology and nanotechnology prioritize the identification and management of potential risks to human health
and the environment. Comprehensive risk assessments, safety protocols, and regulatory frameworks are implemented to ensure responsible
development, use, and disposal of green and nanotechnology products.
4.Technological Innovation: Green technology and nanotechnology foster innovation by enabling the creation of new materials, devices, and
processes with enhanced performance and functionality. These advancements contribute to various sectors, including energy, healthcare,
electronics, and manufacturing, and drive economic growth and competitiveness.
5.Collaboration and Partnerships: Achieving the full potential of green technology and nanotechnology requires collaboration among
governments, industries, academia, and other stakeholders. Collaborative efforts facilitate knowledge sharing, research funding, policy
development, and the exchange of best practices for sustainable development and responsible deployment.
