This document summarizes research on the use of social tagging in art museums to make collections more accessible online. It finds that user-generated tags differ significantly from professional terminology, but many tags are still considered useful by museum staff. While social tagging shows potential, challenges remain around specialized vocabularies, interpretation levels, and ensuring tagging enhances engagement rather than replacing meaningful experiences. Further research is needed on how tagging can help users develop deeper understanding of art.
This document discusses research from steve.museum on using social tagging to improve access to online art museum collections. Key findings include:
1) User tags differed significantly from terms used in official museum documentation and controlled vocabularies.
2) Museum staff found most user tags useful for searching, though some were inaccurate.
3) User tags only partially overlapped with search terms from other art museum websites.
While challenges remain, social tagging shows potential to enhance recall and engagement with museum collections online. Further research is needed to fully realize its benefits.
The Getty Vocabularies
Patricia Harpring - Managing Editor, Getty Vocabulary Program
Getty Vocabularies - Why LOD? Why now?
A Brief History of the Project
Joan Cobb - IT Specialist Project Manager, Getty Information Technology Services
October 21, 2014
Engaging the public in tagging and researching the UK's paintings: Two case s...tarastar
A presentation by Andrew Greg, University of Glasgow. Invited talk at a workshop for the 'Scotland's Collections and the Digital Humanities' knowledge-exchange project, hosted at the University of Edinburgh. 12 September 2014. http://www.blogs.hss.ed.ac.uk/archives-now/
This virtual tour document provides information about a tour of the Parliament buildings in Canada. It includes descriptions of the House of Commons Foyer, House of Commons, Senate Foyer, Senate, Library of Parliament and Peace Tower, and a quiz for users to test their knowledge about where different events related to passing a bill may take place.
This document discusses social media and parenting in the digital age. It outlines the rise of social media and smart phones. It then provides tips for parents on educating themselves about social media, discussing cyber safety with their kids, and setting rules and expectations for technology use. The document emphasizes teaching media literacy skills, reviewing kids' online activities, and maintaining open communication.
This document summarizes a presentation about the resource discovery tool PubMed. It notes that PubMed is developed by the National Library of Medicine, indexes over 21 million citations and abstracts in the biomedical and life sciences fields. The document outlines that PubMed's primary component is Medline, which indexes over 19 million journal article references over 60 years. Strengths of PubMed include that it is free, integrated with other NLM search engines, updated daily, and provides accurate search results. Weaknesses include a lack of citation analysis and sorting results by citations.
Cyberliteracy involves knowing how to find reliable information online and adapting to technological changes. It means actively participating in online discussions rather than just using technology. Social media allows information sharing but also enables cyberbullying through tools like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Studies show many teens experience cyberbullying like having private information exposed without permission. Cyberbullying has led to suicide in some cases. Schools aim to educate students and parents about cyberliteracy, online safety, privacy, and cyberbullying to help prevent issues.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
This document discusses research from steve.museum on using social tagging to improve access to online art museum collections. Key findings include:
1) User tags differed significantly from terms used in official museum documentation and controlled vocabularies.
2) Museum staff found most user tags useful for searching, though some were inaccurate.
3) User tags only partially overlapped with search terms from other art museum websites.
While challenges remain, social tagging shows potential to enhance recall and engagement with museum collections online. Further research is needed to fully realize its benefits.
The Getty Vocabularies
Patricia Harpring - Managing Editor, Getty Vocabulary Program
Getty Vocabularies - Why LOD? Why now?
A Brief History of the Project
Joan Cobb - IT Specialist Project Manager, Getty Information Technology Services
October 21, 2014
Engaging the public in tagging and researching the UK's paintings: Two case s...tarastar
A presentation by Andrew Greg, University of Glasgow. Invited talk at a workshop for the 'Scotland's Collections and the Digital Humanities' knowledge-exchange project, hosted at the University of Edinburgh. 12 September 2014. http://www.blogs.hss.ed.ac.uk/archives-now/
This virtual tour document provides information about a tour of the Parliament buildings in Canada. It includes descriptions of the House of Commons Foyer, House of Commons, Senate Foyer, Senate, Library of Parliament and Peace Tower, and a quiz for users to test their knowledge about where different events related to passing a bill may take place.
This document discusses social media and parenting in the digital age. It outlines the rise of social media and smart phones. It then provides tips for parents on educating themselves about social media, discussing cyber safety with their kids, and setting rules and expectations for technology use. The document emphasizes teaching media literacy skills, reviewing kids' online activities, and maintaining open communication.
This document summarizes a presentation about the resource discovery tool PubMed. It notes that PubMed is developed by the National Library of Medicine, indexes over 21 million citations and abstracts in the biomedical and life sciences fields. The document outlines that PubMed's primary component is Medline, which indexes over 19 million journal article references over 60 years. Strengths of PubMed include that it is free, integrated with other NLM search engines, updated daily, and provides accurate search results. Weaknesses include a lack of citation analysis and sorting results by citations.
Cyberliteracy involves knowing how to find reliable information online and adapting to technological changes. It means actively participating in online discussions rather than just using technology. Social media allows information sharing but also enables cyberbullying through tools like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Studies show many teens experience cyberbullying like having private information exposed without permission. Cyberbullying has led to suicide in some cases. Schools aim to educate students and parents about cyberliteracy, online safety, privacy, and cyberbullying to help prevent issues.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
For many museums, undertaking digitization projects can be intimidating. What does it take to provide the widest possible access to works of art? This panel will discuss the conception, challenges, and outcomes of recent collections access initiatives at the Detroit Institute of Arts.
Steve and Social Tagging: Seeing Collections Through Visitors' EyesSteve Project
Brief introduction to Steve: The Museum Social Tagging Project, prepared for the RUSA Presidents' Program at the American Library Association's 2009 annual meeting.
This document summarizes research on using social tagging in museums to improve access to collections. It finds that tagging can provide useful metadata beyond what museums currently have. A system called Steve was developed to support tagging across multiple museums. Research found most tags were useful and different than traditional documentation. The document outlines ongoing research analyzing tag hierarchies and relationships to improve search and discovery of museum objects.
Ideas for how volunteers at cultural heritage institutions can help, using Tr...Rose Holley
Volunteers at cultural institutions can help contribute to Trove, a digital library tool from the National Library of Australia, in several ways:
1) By correcting text in historical newspaper articles related to topics of interest like particular artists.
2) Adding comments and context to records from their own institution's files to provide more background, like describing the contents of artist ephemera files or providing more location details for images.
3) Creating virtual exhibitions, reading lists, or research folders using Trove's list-making feature to showcase their institution's collections online.
Open, Connected & Smart Heritage: Towards New Cultural CommonsLora Aroyo
The document discusses open, connected, and smart approaches to cultural heritage. It argues that new technologies can help provide better access to vast amounts of digital cultural content. Specifically, it presents examples of projects that use crowdsourcing to engage users in indexing, tagging, and interpreting cultural works. This allows cultural institutions to enrich their collections by tapping into the knowledge and perspectives of online audiences. The goal is to make cultural heritage more accessible and to shape new forms of online engagement with the cultural record.
This document provides an overview of ARTstor and its essential elements. It summarizes ARTstor as a digital library of over 1 million images for research and teaching. It outlines key features like searching, viewing images, creating image groups, and downloading/printing images. It also describes upcoming hands-on workshops for using ARTstor.
The document discusses the challenge of curating large amounts of digital content from Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM) institutions to make it more useful and meaningful for various audiences. It provides examples of how Europeana has curated content for digital humanists studying newspapers, teachers exploring World War I sources, citizens on Wikipedia, art lovers on Wikidata and Wikipedia, and art professionals viewing high-resolution altarpieces. The key takeaways are to be open, generous, humble, aware of users, and repackage large datasets into smaller, contextualized and segmented datasets for specific user groups.
This document provides strategies and resources for integrating art history into K-12 classrooms in an engaging way. It outlines goals of making art history relevant, engaging, and manageable for teachers. Key recommendations include examining artworks in context, looking for themes, being inclusive, and allowing student exploration. Short and long-term project ideas are presented to incorporate art history, such as having students act as travel agents or compose songs about artworks. Resources like SmartHistory and museum websites are also suggested.
Searching for Inspiration: User Needs and Search ArchitectureTim Hill
Slides accompanying presentation of a paper given at ASIST 2016. The full text of the paper can be found here: https://www.asist.org/files/meetings/am16/proceedings/openpage16.html
This document summarizes a presentation given by Jamie Kohler and Stephen Marvin on promoting small museum content through digital social networking media. The presentation introduced Kohler from West Chester University's Special Collections and Archives and Marvin from the Sanderson Museum. It provided highlights about the Sanderson Museum collection and West Chester University's Special Collections. The presentation discussed potential partnerships between small museums and university collections, including sharing content online through sites like Facebook, blogs, and YouTube. It addressed issues like copyright and evaluating the effectiveness of partnerships. The goal was to explore how social networking technologies could help small museums and libraries reach wider audiences.
The document summarizes the Cleveland Museum of Art's journey towards digitization of its collection and use of digital technologies. It describes how the museum renovated galleries, digitized over 90% of its collection, and developed digital tools like the ArtLens app and ArtLens Gallery interactive space. Evaluation found those who used ArtLens technologies spent more time and engaged with more artworks. The museum now uses analytics to understand visitor flows and has launched an open API to make its collection publicly available for various uses.
Maja Žumer: Library catalogues of the future: realising the old vision with n...ÚISK FF UK
The document discusses the future of library catalogs and metadata, noting that catalogs need to change to meet new user needs and expectations by making data more intuitive to explore, exposing relationships between works and other entities, and fully utilizing the quality of library metadata. It also reviews the history and conceptual models for bibliographic data like FRBR, FRAD, and FRSAD, which aim to present bibliographic information in a more user-oriented way. Libraries will need new systems built on these conceptual models to improve user tasks like finding, identifying, selecting, and exploring materials.
1. The document discusses issues facing art libraries such as less specialist libraries and librarians, lack of coverage by electronic resources, and funding cuts.
2. It also discusses how art students use library spaces differently than other students by browsing more and trusting in serendipity. Artwork is also used in a more tactile way than digitally.
3. The growth of academic publications over time is shown, rising from around 300 in 1726 to over 1 million in recent years. This demonstrates the increasing amount of information and research.
This document outlines a study on how people use language when naming images and boards in their personal collections on Pinterest. The study will analyze how names assigned by Pinterest users correspond to established frameworks for image categorization. It is hypothesized that board names will rely more on factual information, while pin names will incorporate more specialized knowledge. Data collection and analysis methods are described to understand this naming behavior and its implications for designing large image collections.
The Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands (PAN) portal and the data model behind the description of the findings are discussed in detail, and how this approach leads to publishing data that is FAIR .
Folksonomies allow users to tag and classify digital objects for personal retrieval and sharing within a social environment. Museums are exploring the use of folksonomies through tagging projects that seek to improve access to collections by incorporating user-supplied terms. Challenges include developing interfaces that motivate tagging and integrating folksonomy data with existing collection management systems. Early examples show that tagging elicits descriptive terms beyond what professionals typically record.
Steve Tagger and the Minnesota Digital Libraryscottsayre
The document discusses social tagging and the Steve project. Steve is a collaborative project that explores using social tagging to help users find and engage with art museum collections online. The document outlines how Steve was created and funded, partner museums involved, and research conducted on analyzing tags collected. It provides examples of tag clouds and statistics on tags collected through the Steve project and a related Minnesota Digital Library project.
Presentation given as part of Master's Portfolio Defense:
Research practices of Art Historians depend on the ability to access an abundance of image and art resources for comparison and analysis. Over the last ten to twenty years, the internet has seen a proliferation of online image repositories created by both art institutions, private companies, and research cooperatives. Despite the extent of digital image surrogates for artworks now online, recent studies examining Art Historians' opinions still reflect a general discontentment towards using online image databases. Complaints typically bring up problematic search tools and browsing features. As art institutions continue to make their collections available online and the number of digital images of artworks expands, it is more crucial than ever to examine effective ways of making as many images as possible not only accessible, but findable. Otherwise, these online image repositories will simply mimic the opacity and impediments their physical counterparts imposed on art historical research prior to the web, and ultimately thousands if not millions of digital images risk stagnating online. This paper plans to take a look at this problem and the means by which online digital image collections can more effectively meet the needs of the art historical community.
UVA MDST 3703 Thematic Research Collections 2012-09-18Rafael Alvarado
The document discusses thematic research collections (TRCs) as an emerging genre of digital scholarship. TRCs consolidate related content to overcome the problem of traditional libraries scattering content. Key features of TRCs include being electronic, structured yet open-ended, research-oriented, and achieving "contextual mass" by making connections between resources. The document then examines several examples of TRCs and evaluates them based on six criteria like content, organization, findability, connections between resources, tools provided, and community involvement.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
For many museums, undertaking digitization projects can be intimidating. What does it take to provide the widest possible access to works of art? This panel will discuss the conception, challenges, and outcomes of recent collections access initiatives at the Detroit Institute of Arts.
Steve and Social Tagging: Seeing Collections Through Visitors' EyesSteve Project
Brief introduction to Steve: The Museum Social Tagging Project, prepared for the RUSA Presidents' Program at the American Library Association's 2009 annual meeting.
This document summarizes research on using social tagging in museums to improve access to collections. It finds that tagging can provide useful metadata beyond what museums currently have. A system called Steve was developed to support tagging across multiple museums. Research found most tags were useful and different than traditional documentation. The document outlines ongoing research analyzing tag hierarchies and relationships to improve search and discovery of museum objects.
Ideas for how volunteers at cultural heritage institutions can help, using Tr...Rose Holley
Volunteers at cultural institutions can help contribute to Trove, a digital library tool from the National Library of Australia, in several ways:
1) By correcting text in historical newspaper articles related to topics of interest like particular artists.
2) Adding comments and context to records from their own institution's files to provide more background, like describing the contents of artist ephemera files or providing more location details for images.
3) Creating virtual exhibitions, reading lists, or research folders using Trove's list-making feature to showcase their institution's collections online.
Open, Connected & Smart Heritage: Towards New Cultural CommonsLora Aroyo
The document discusses open, connected, and smart approaches to cultural heritage. It argues that new technologies can help provide better access to vast amounts of digital cultural content. Specifically, it presents examples of projects that use crowdsourcing to engage users in indexing, tagging, and interpreting cultural works. This allows cultural institutions to enrich their collections by tapping into the knowledge and perspectives of online audiences. The goal is to make cultural heritage more accessible and to shape new forms of online engagement with the cultural record.
This document provides an overview of ARTstor and its essential elements. It summarizes ARTstor as a digital library of over 1 million images for research and teaching. It outlines key features like searching, viewing images, creating image groups, and downloading/printing images. It also describes upcoming hands-on workshops for using ARTstor.
The document discusses the challenge of curating large amounts of digital content from Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM) institutions to make it more useful and meaningful for various audiences. It provides examples of how Europeana has curated content for digital humanists studying newspapers, teachers exploring World War I sources, citizens on Wikipedia, art lovers on Wikidata and Wikipedia, and art professionals viewing high-resolution altarpieces. The key takeaways are to be open, generous, humble, aware of users, and repackage large datasets into smaller, contextualized and segmented datasets for specific user groups.
This document provides strategies and resources for integrating art history into K-12 classrooms in an engaging way. It outlines goals of making art history relevant, engaging, and manageable for teachers. Key recommendations include examining artworks in context, looking for themes, being inclusive, and allowing student exploration. Short and long-term project ideas are presented to incorporate art history, such as having students act as travel agents or compose songs about artworks. Resources like SmartHistory and museum websites are also suggested.
Searching for Inspiration: User Needs and Search ArchitectureTim Hill
Slides accompanying presentation of a paper given at ASIST 2016. The full text of the paper can be found here: https://www.asist.org/files/meetings/am16/proceedings/openpage16.html
This document summarizes a presentation given by Jamie Kohler and Stephen Marvin on promoting small museum content through digital social networking media. The presentation introduced Kohler from West Chester University's Special Collections and Archives and Marvin from the Sanderson Museum. It provided highlights about the Sanderson Museum collection and West Chester University's Special Collections. The presentation discussed potential partnerships between small museums and university collections, including sharing content online through sites like Facebook, blogs, and YouTube. It addressed issues like copyright and evaluating the effectiveness of partnerships. The goal was to explore how social networking technologies could help small museums and libraries reach wider audiences.
The document summarizes the Cleveland Museum of Art's journey towards digitization of its collection and use of digital technologies. It describes how the museum renovated galleries, digitized over 90% of its collection, and developed digital tools like the ArtLens app and ArtLens Gallery interactive space. Evaluation found those who used ArtLens technologies spent more time and engaged with more artworks. The museum now uses analytics to understand visitor flows and has launched an open API to make its collection publicly available for various uses.
Maja Žumer: Library catalogues of the future: realising the old vision with n...ÚISK FF UK
The document discusses the future of library catalogs and metadata, noting that catalogs need to change to meet new user needs and expectations by making data more intuitive to explore, exposing relationships between works and other entities, and fully utilizing the quality of library metadata. It also reviews the history and conceptual models for bibliographic data like FRBR, FRAD, and FRSAD, which aim to present bibliographic information in a more user-oriented way. Libraries will need new systems built on these conceptual models to improve user tasks like finding, identifying, selecting, and exploring materials.
1. The document discusses issues facing art libraries such as less specialist libraries and librarians, lack of coverage by electronic resources, and funding cuts.
2. It also discusses how art students use library spaces differently than other students by browsing more and trusting in serendipity. Artwork is also used in a more tactile way than digitally.
3. The growth of academic publications over time is shown, rising from around 300 in 1726 to over 1 million in recent years. This demonstrates the increasing amount of information and research.
This document outlines a study on how people use language when naming images and boards in their personal collections on Pinterest. The study will analyze how names assigned by Pinterest users correspond to established frameworks for image categorization. It is hypothesized that board names will rely more on factual information, while pin names will incorporate more specialized knowledge. Data collection and analysis methods are described to understand this naming behavior and its implications for designing large image collections.
The Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands (PAN) portal and the data model behind the description of the findings are discussed in detail, and how this approach leads to publishing data that is FAIR .
Folksonomies allow users to tag and classify digital objects for personal retrieval and sharing within a social environment. Museums are exploring the use of folksonomies through tagging projects that seek to improve access to collections by incorporating user-supplied terms. Challenges include developing interfaces that motivate tagging and integrating folksonomy data with existing collection management systems. Early examples show that tagging elicits descriptive terms beyond what professionals typically record.
Steve Tagger and the Minnesota Digital Libraryscottsayre
The document discusses social tagging and the Steve project. Steve is a collaborative project that explores using social tagging to help users find and engage with art museum collections online. The document outlines how Steve was created and funded, partner museums involved, and research conducted on analyzing tags collected. It provides examples of tag clouds and statistics on tags collected through the Steve project and a related Minnesota Digital Library project.
Presentation given as part of Master's Portfolio Defense:
Research practices of Art Historians depend on the ability to access an abundance of image and art resources for comparison and analysis. Over the last ten to twenty years, the internet has seen a proliferation of online image repositories created by both art institutions, private companies, and research cooperatives. Despite the extent of digital image surrogates for artworks now online, recent studies examining Art Historians' opinions still reflect a general discontentment towards using online image databases. Complaints typically bring up problematic search tools and browsing features. As art institutions continue to make their collections available online and the number of digital images of artworks expands, it is more crucial than ever to examine effective ways of making as many images as possible not only accessible, but findable. Otherwise, these online image repositories will simply mimic the opacity and impediments their physical counterparts imposed on art historical research prior to the web, and ultimately thousands if not millions of digital images risk stagnating online. This paper plans to take a look at this problem and the means by which online digital image collections can more effectively meet the needs of the art historical community.
UVA MDST 3703 Thematic Research Collections 2012-09-18Rafael Alvarado
The document discusses thematic research collections (TRCs) as an emerging genre of digital scholarship. TRCs consolidate related content to overcome the problem of traditional libraries scattering content. Key features of TRCs include being electronic, structured yet open-ended, research-oriented, and achieving "contextual mass" by making connections between resources. The document then examines several examples of TRCs and evaluates them based on six criteria like content, organization, findability, connections between resources, tools provided, and community involvement.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Group 6 steve museum
1. A- (see comments below and on bibliography)
ISI 5121 Subject Analysis of Information
Social Tagging Group 6
Meghan Dunlap
Elizabeth Ross
Peter Forestell
Mariane Léonard
Steve Museum
2. As a non-specialist in the field of art and sculpture, what terms
would you use to locate this item in a museum’s database?
• Artist/Maker:
Joachim Friess ca.
animal 1579-1620, m.
1610
antler • Title: Diana and
the Stag
stag • Object Name:
AUTOMATON
gold • Date: First
quarter 17th
statue century (about
1620)
•Made in:
gilded Country:
Germany, City:
Augsburg
• Medium: Silver,
partly gilt, jewels,
enamel
3. • Based on open source software which
aids developers in social tagging
research in museum collections, while
testing the effectiveness of tagging
• Socially focused data tagging tool
aimed at making museum collections
and acquisitions more accessible.
• Steve.museum’s goal is to build
interest around museum and gallery
holdings.
6. In 2008, Steve.Museum received a
National Research Grant for Advancing
Digital Resources from the US Institute of
Museum and Library Service.
“The goals of the grant are to
enhance the existing tagging software
tools to make steve easy to use for
museums of all sizes and types; to
develop next-generation tagging tools
that motivate and engage users, including
mobile interfaces that allow tagging in
museum spaces; to investigate ways to
aggregate tags in order to facilitate cross-
collection searching and browsing; and to
demonstrate integrations of the steve
tagger with commonly-used museum
systems” (www.steve.museum)
7. Viewer Tagging in Art Museums: Comparisons to Concepts and
Vocabularies of Art Museum Visitors
Martha Kellogg Smith
University of Washington, USA
Advances in classification research, Vol. 17: Proceedings of the 17th ASIS&T SIG/CR
Classification Research Workshop (Austin, TX, November 4, 2006), ed. Jonathan
Furner and Joseph T. Tennis
Why are art museums engaging online
users to solicit subject keywords for
various works of art? And how
successful have they been?
8. Motivations
• Generate keywords in a
cost effective way
• Engage online visitors
• Elicit terms for “subjects” in
artworks.
• Closing the “semantic gap”
between specialists and
casual museum visitors
9. Challenges
• Difficulty of convincing art
museums that this is a useful
practice
• Specialized art vocabularies
• Curatorial experts
differ in opinion on
what subject terms to
use
• How useful is this to the
end user?
• As of 2006, lack of user
studies
10. Levels of artwork interpretation and information use
Level I : objects and their parts;
concretely observed characteristics
Level II : styles, dates, and original and
historical settings and functions
Level III : evaluating, explaining, and
synthesizing interpretations.
11. (more) Challenges
Does asking users to supply Level I type
tags help them develop Level II or Level II
type knowledge?
• Art historical and foreign
language terms
• Depth and coverage
• Imprecision, error
• Bias
12. Smith’s conclusion:
“The generation of keywords for populating systems should
not inadvertently encourage non-specialist volunteer
taggers to interpret keywording activity as somehow what
art viewing and meaning making is all about: simply
enumerating and listing what they see.”
Exactly how art museums can use online resources to help
their users move beyond Level 1 type information is yet to
be seen.
13. Tagging, Folksonomy and Art Museums: Results of
steve.museum’s research
Jennifer Trant
University of Toronto/Archives & Museum Informatics
Retrieved from http://www.steve.museum/?page_id=7
What has steve.museum demonstrated?
14. The problem: accessibility of art museum
collections
Collections made available online, but organized
according to the principles of the physical space
1) Highly specialized and technical language
2) Items could be organized as an exhibition
3) Items could be in a non-contextualized database
15. The solution: Social Tagging
• Can give the perspective of the general public
• Accounts for the sometimes subjective nature of art
• Broaden the scope of professional indexing and
cataloguing
16. steve.museum: a research project on
social tagging in art museums
Research Question: Can Social Tagging and Folksonomy
Improve On-line Access to Art Museum Collections?
• Do user tags differ from terms in professional
museum documentation?
• Do museum staff find user tags useful for searching
art collections?
• Do user tags differ from terms used to search on-
line art museum collections?
17. Methodology
• A set of images of works of art to be tagged were
selected from existing digital materials
• Each item was accompanied by the following
documentation from the museum: Artist
(nationality birthdate-deathdate); Title, date;
medium, support; dimensions; Acquisition details
(accession number)
• The works of art were presented to the user
through the steve.museum software, which
recorded user data and connects it with the tags the
user assigned
• Users could register with the site or access the site
and begin tagging without registering
18. Results
• Do user tags differ from terms in professional
museum documentation?
• 86% of user tags not found in museum documentation
• 62.8% of distinct tags not found in AAT
• 85% of distinct tags not found in ULAN
• Do museum staff find user tags useful for searching
art collections?
• 88% of tags considered useful overall
• Correlation between usefulness and frequency
• Some tags considered useful misperceptions
• Do user tags differ from terms used to search on-
line art museum collections?
• Search log data was analyzed from the Minneapolis
Institute of Arts and the San Francisco Museum of
Modern Art
• Only 38.5% and 22.6% matched distinct tags
19. Conclusions
Research Question: Can Social Tagging and Folksonomy
Improve On-line Access to Art Museum Collections?
• Interest in tagging is high – could also lead to
increased engagement with museums
• While some correlations were harder to prove than
others, including tagging would certainly at least
improve recall
Source: tagging.steve.museum -Steve.museum is designed that individuals without art expertise and casual museum visitors are able to search for specific pieces without knowing precise details about a collection or work of art.
http://www.moodbook.com/art/peter-paul-rubens.html#availabilityUse example. Family comes home from vacation can’t remember artists name or piece of work…-Steve.museum is geared towards this type of user. -They want to engage them to use their software and to provide these types of tags that will help users like them in the future.
-Designed to provide new ways to describe and access art collections and encourage visitors to engage with the collections -Has been implemented in 21 museum institutions and galleries -Users help museums describe their collections by applying keywords, or tags to objects, the users are able to publish their collections of tags and collect tags -Steve.Museum is designed to be simple to use, users simply click on an object and applying tags A good summary of what the site aims to do.
What are the theoretical frameworks developed to explain the relationship between non-expert, casual users using art museum databases?
With the onset of the Internet, the predominant users of museum information retrieval systems are shifting from expert users to non-expert.Generate keywords for image and object records in a cost effective way. You don’t need to pay an expert in subject analysis to determine these subjects. Engage: Museums no longer a box in a certain location, but now accessible to all from every location. Elicit: The sort of terms non-experts users will supply, “pictorial and emotional subject description,” will help similarly non-expert users retrieve information in the future. Into challenges: How effective can these users and the process of “tagging” images with subject terms be?
The practice of assigning subject terms to art objects is not widespread in museums today. Before steve.museum, only a few museums offered “subject” searching, without many guidelines for the description and analyzing of art objects. “Curatorial opinions vary on what descriptive terms to use to caputre subject themes”Usefulness: what specific types of subjects are requested by users. Lack of user studies: Elizabeth will elaborate on a study by the steve.museum creators later.
Smith provides an analysis of the three different levels of iconographic interpretation, and relates them to the process of tagging works of art for the benefit of non-expert users.I: stag, gold, gilded II: post-impressionism, date the painting was painted, Dutch school, etc… III: using information to say something of value about a work of art, what it means, etc.., As Smith notes, non-expert users engage works of art at the first level, and typically provide tags at that level as well. They rely on museums to supply level two information, and are often not interested in level III.
In one of the user-generated tagging studies conducted at the MOMA, researchers found that users supplied consistent tags, but for the most part, those tags reflected “commonly perceived aspects.” In general, users prefer realistic works to more abstract. This results in the entirety of a museum’s collection not being adequately covered. When confronted with abstract terms, they provided fewer terms.
A good synopsis of a fairly complex article.
Study is about 100 pages without appendices, so I’ve limited my discussion essentially the questions surrounding the utility of tagging for art museums – there were also questions about how the user interface influenced user tagging behaviour, but for the sake of brevity, I’ve left them out.
What was going on before steve? Art historians require incredible volumes of material to produce a persuasive argument, and procuring reproductions of sufficient numbers of examples has long been a problem.After a decade of debating whether art museums should even make their collections available online, the collections were finally available, but failed to address that the online medium cannot be treated the same way as a physical space – it’s the difference between offering interpretation and information retrieval. While this may be fine if it is only trained art historians accessing the collections, if museums want to use their online presence to increase their audience and their appeal to the general public, it creates a few fundamental problems for the average person who wants to explore the collection:The language used by museum curators is so specific that it is frequently of little value to a casual user When items are organized in the same way they would be presented in an exhibition, a user will not be able to find items when they don’t share that particular point of view of the context On the opposite end of the spectrum, if the items are not contextualized at all, it will cause problems for finding items that are related
Where Smith seemed very critical of social tagging, Trant decided that social tagging should be explored as a solution. She argues that some of the potential benefits of social tagging include:Perspective of general public – mitigates some of the closed and incomprehensible nature of that specialized vocabulary – Metropolitan Museum of Art curator “everything I know is not in the picture” Subjective nature – increases the number of access points Broaden the scope – distinguish between replacing and augmenting. In Trant’s words, “User tags might help bridge the gap between professional and public discourse by providing a source of terms not in museum documentation.” (p. 3) Trant stressed though that “The tagging activity needs to be positioned within a context of on-line information retrieval and use, and distinguished from possible studies of in-gallery applications or discursive art educational texts and programs” and that “Studies of tagging must take care to distinguish it from more discursive user commenting.”
However, Trant did not simply suggest diving right into social tagging. She felt that the development of this possibility should be carefully studied, and thus steve.museum was born: a research project and social tagging experiment, the results of which would determine its future implementation. This is what sets steve.museum apart from the other sites that we have looked at. Where the other social tagging sites seemed to develop organically as an extension of the organization of their specific type of information, steve.museum was developed in a very controlled fashion. Instead of social tagging being the intuitive solution developed and put out there for people to use as they saw fit, there were very specific criteria for steve’s implementation. Prior to the project outlined in this report, steve.museum was created by a consortium of museums who wanted to study the utility of social tagging. They created the software as an unaffiliated third-party environment that would allow them to study tagging without confusing the experiment with the institutional services. The collaborative nature of the project also allowed a broader perspective than a single institution might have produced. The steve.museum software had already been used to conduct prototype studies when this research project was begun.So what exactly did they want to know in this study?ie, when all the user tages are considered together, does it provide additional information, or just restate what the professional language represents? Compare to Union List of Artists’ Names and Art and ArchitectureThesaurus. If yes, improve recall by adding access points.Established by a review by museum staff – a review by museum staff of actual tags may help to address criticism that calls into question the ability of a naïve user to provide useful informationCompare search terms and if the tagging terms match search terms above and beyond those already represented by the museum documentation, searching can be said to be improved by tagging
-Because the prototype tagging showed that some types of materials elicited more tagging material than others, they ensured that a full range of materials were presented and distributed in roughly the same distribution as an actual collection -this is the same information that might be presented on the museum website or on labels in the museum. No additional research was conducted prior to tagging -The data collected included “the tags assigned to each work, details about the context in which they were assigned and whether users chose not to tag a work – to skip it without adding any tags” -”Required data collected at registration included Language, Education, Art Experience and Year of Birth. Other optional information included Gender, Community Affiliation, Income, Relationship to a Museum (work in one, visit often, felt involvement], Internet Usage and Connection, Tagging experience and sites used. Finally, users were asked if they were willing to be contacted for follow-up during the research project.” “Users that did not register were assigned a sequential user identifier to group their tagging activity”
-86% = simple match of tag term to terms in museum documentation -a lot of the terms that did not match the museum documentation were based on what could be seen in the picture – museums do not supply these kinds of terms in their online records.-hard to determine whether or not the terms that did match were used in the same way because of lack of context (ULAN = Union List of Artists Names)-usefulness of tags associated to any given work could range from 65% to 100%, and of course things such as resolution could affect legibility, etc. impacting accuracy -the more frequently a tag was applied to a single item, the more likely it was to be considered useful. All tags applied 4 or more times unanimously considered useful – in practical implementation this may mean that where there is a high frequency of tagging by the same term the tag need not undergo a review process to be included -useful misperceptions=things tagged incorrectly, but more than once, indicated terms that might be useful to redirect to the correct terms as a common misperception “This qualitative analysis was designed to address museum-based concerns about the appropriateness of tags assigned by the general public, and contribute to our understanding the contribution of tagging. It has helped to establish that the vast majority of tags assigned by users of the steve tagger were appropriate, and that misbehaviour in the steve tagging environment was very infrequent.” -low correlation could possibly be related to disproportionate number of searches by artist name, related to learned behaviour that this is a more reliable way to search, and the fact that the collection is not separated from the rest of the site (search logs will include things like opening hours)-still, one item was only successfully retrieved by searching the tags associated to it with 4 tags out of 30, which would indicate that tags may still improve recall even if the data does not support the hypothesis to the extent anticipated.
-many registered users returned to the site after their initial visit; those directed to the project by the museum saw themselves as helping the museum and provided 4x tags on average-added functionality could increase this interest further-usefulness was probably the easiest, while correlation to search terms was probably the most problematic-many of the “Useful” tags could not retrieve the specific item – one test showed that only 4 of 39 tags successfully retrieved the item.A good synopsis of the report, but perhaps a little too detailed for a presentation of this length.
En ce qui concerne l’évaluation globale du site web, ici j’ai faire l’analyse d’une façon différente, puisque le site steve.museum est plutôt un projet. J’ai suivi quelques organismes qui étaient affiliés avec steve pour en vérifier le fonctionnement. En voici un peu plus. PremièrementLOGICIELSur le site de steve, ils ont mis en ligne un outil qui est un open source que les organismes peuvent télécharger et incorporer à leur site web. Ceci permet de tagger des collections de musées, de les analyser et de le gérer. DeuxièmementSTEVE.TAGGERUn outil que l’on peut ajouter des tags sur des images de plus de 21 Institutions Donc, il faut alors s’identifier via Google ou Yahoo pour pouvoir ajouter des mots-clés. On peut choisir la langue que l’on désire ajouter des tags, mais je n’ai pas vu autre chose que l’anglais. Si on essaie de mettre un espace pour faire des mots-clés de mots composés, ceci les change en un seul mot.
Tente de faire un certain contrôle Sur leur wiki offre des documents.Par exemple: Steve in Action: Object MetadataSpecification, un document qui donne certaines lignes directrices pour les métadonnées. Description de DC Mais peut être un problème lorsque l’information provient de plusieurs sources. Par exemple :On peut remarquer que lorsque l’on fait une recherche, puisque les objets proviennent de plusieurs musées, il se peut parfois que les données ne soient pas entrées de la même façon d’une page à l’autre. Alors, lorsque l’on fait une recherche, ceci peut être un peu déstabilisant, puisque l’on recherche dans tous tous les champs, ainsi les étiquettes ajoutées par les usagers. Enfin, déjà que les étiquettes ne suivent aucune réglementation, il pourrait toutefois être intéressant d’en apercevoir une dans les métadonnées.
Musée qui y participe. Je les ai naviguer. En voici quelques conclusions.Premier exempleIci, c’est un musée d’Art tibétain qui utilise le logiciel de steve pour voir ce que les usagers pensent de leur ouvrage. Alors, ceci est plutôt utilisé comme outil d’analyse plutôt que comme outil de recherche. Cette fonction devient intéressante, puisqu’il permet d’analyser les tags selon plusieurs critères puisque les usagers doivent remplir un court questionnaire avant de pouvoir tagger les images.
Deuxièmeexemple.Le musée qui utilise le steve.tagger le plus. (Probablement, car ilsontparticipé au développement de l’outil et qu’ilsontfourniune bourse) Utilise le steve tagger tool. Ondoit se connecter pour ajouter des tags.
Moteur de recherche.Nous permet de faire plusieurs recherches. Mais a des lacunes. Je vais vous les expliquer en vous démontrant une recherche que j’y ai faiteDans la barre d’outils, on peut choisir de faire une recherche en excluant les tags, en choisissant une période de temps.
On peut raffiner notre recherche par tags en cliquant sur la gaucheJ’aichoisi Dress et woman.J’aicliquésurune image.
Même si j’ai choisi de limiter par tags, lorsque j’arrive ici, je vois qu’aucun tag n’a été ajouté par les usagers. Quoiqu’il en soit, j’ai bien une image d’une femme. Mais la recherche peut être déstabilisante.
Un autre problème …Différence entre le pluriel et le singulier. On retrouve alors beaucoup de doublons de mots. (Un autre problème : le blogue http://steve.nmc.org/Ne semble pas avoir été mis à jour depuis décembre 2010)
ConclusionEn fait, certains projets semblent être mis de côté, par exemple, le blogue de steve n’a pas été mis à jour depuis plus d’un an.Plusieurs outils non dispos Par exemple, outil de tag sur Facebook n’est plus disponibleComme on l’a remarqué avec lesartciles qui ont été décrits, il a y a un besoin puisque la plupart des tags ne se retrouvent pas dans la description faite par les professionnels. Mais il faudrait alors un peu plus de rigueur dans l’étiquetage. Sans limiter les choix des usagers, peut-être que d’ajouter seulement les tags lorsque plusieurs usagers les ajoutent pourrait imiter les erreurs. Par exemple : Musée McCord qui n’est pas le premier à le faire. ESP gameGoogleLorsque deux personnes ajoutent les mêmes mots-clés, il peut être ajouté, ceci permet une vérification et éviter certaines erreurs. A good overallsummary of strengths and weaknesses, but some of the screen captures weredifficult to follow in the presentation.