This slide is a result of colaboration of my group in our practicum during the semester break..... its include a lot of simple basic things in physiology... -animal handling -blood grouping -vaginal swab in female rats -breathing n ECG hope this will contribute something!

1. PHYSIOLOGY
GROUP MEMBERS
ANIS AYUNI
NUR AQILAH
NUR HAYATI
NURFARAH AQILAH
LAU MEI RUI
JIE EAN
AMIRUL HELMI
MUHAMMAD FAISAL
SAAD
ASRAA
AFNAN
SARAH

2. Day 1
Handling & Administration of
Substances into Rats & Mice

3. Handling of rats and mice
One-hand
method
Scruff the body
with one hand
while another
hand securing
the tail.
Scruff at the
back of the
neck and
secure tail with
same hand.
Two-hand
method

5. Administration
of substances
Intraperitoneal
Intramuscular
Intraplantar
SubcutaneousIntravenous
Intraarterial
Oral gavage

6. Intraperitoneal
Restrain well.
Insert needle at 30-
degree angle.
Aspirate. If there is no
fluid
aspirated, continue
the injection.

7. Oral gavage
Measure needle length to last
rib.
Scruff firmly and hold head in
vertical alignment with
esophagus.
Insert needle tip behind
incisors, down into esophagus.
There should be no resistance
if the needle is inserted into
the esophagus.

8. Oral gavage
performed
on rat.

9. Subcutaneous
Lift skin over the neck to
form a tent-like shape.
Insert the needle carefully
at the tent base.
Aspirate to ensure the
needle do not enter blood
vessel.
Inject the full volume at
moderate rate

10. Intraplantar Restrain the animal.
Secure the hind limb.
Insert needle at 30-degree
angle carefully into the
subcutaneous space of the
plantar.
Inject full volume of substance.
The plantar region will
become swollen.

11. Intramuscular injection Intravenous injection
Intradermal injection

12. DAY 2
BLOOD GROUPING & BLOOD GLUCOSE
MEASUREMENT
 The ABO blood group system is the most
important blood type system (or blood group
system) in human blood transfusion.

13. • Determination of blood group is
important in blood transfusion.
WHY????
• The Rh (Rhesus) blood group
system is one of the human blood
group systems.

14. Measurement of blood
glucose
• Measure blood glucose level in blood
• Method used : fasting blood sugar
• Diseases : Diabetes mellitus
-Type 1 and 2, Gestational Diabetes

15. Day 3 : Vaginal
Swab

16. Introduction
• Animal used : Rat
• A vaginal swab test involves taking a sample of
vaginal secretions with a device that looks like a
cotton bud.

17. Proestrus
Estrus
Metestrus
Diestrus/
pregnancy

18. Female Reproductive System
• Reproductive system consists of two cervix (in rats)
and only one (in mouse), a vagina, a uterine
body, two uterine horns and a left and right ovary

19. Male Reproductive System
• Male has a penis, a pair of accessory glands
(seminal vesicles, bulbo-urethral glands and
prostate glands) and a pair of testes

20. Day 4
Breathing
&
ECG

21. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that checks for
problems with the electrical activity of your heart. An
ECG translates the heart's electrical activity into line
tracings on paper. The spikes and dips in the line
tracings are called waves.

22. An electrocardiogram
(EKG or ECG) is done
to:
• Check the heart's electrical activity.
• Find the cause of unexplained chest pain, which could be
caused by a heart attack, inflammation of the sac
surrounding the heart (pericarditis), or angina.
• Find the cause of symptoms of heart disease, such as
shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, or rapid, irregular
heartbeats (palpitations).