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![Improving Grid Resilience
in Planning and Operations
• Sandia developed a framework for
rigorous quantification of energy
system resilience
• This framework enables decision
making to obtain demonstrable
resilience improvements
• PJM Partnership: Applied to
GMD as a threat we consider
– Multiple scenarios for worst case
GMD intensity and uncertainty in
the orientation of the GMD
– Formulate an optimization
problem where minimizing
consequences of one or multiple
types is the objective
– This results in a non-linear
program (operations) or a mixed-
integer non-linear program
(planning)
5
ProbabilityofConsequences
[$]GivenThreatX
Consequences [$]
Reduced Expected Financial
Consequence
Reduced Risk
Baseline System
Resilience
Resilience of System
after Improvements
Improvements
must cost
significantly less
than E-E’
E’(C) E(C)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hanleysandiagridmodforciesesepuertorico-161222211657/85/Grid-Modernization-Program-Area-5-320.jpg)
Grid Modernization Program Area
Sandia National Laboratories, operated by Sandia Corporation for the U.S. Department of Energy, focuses on a vision of grid modernization that optimizes distributed energy resources for secure, resilient, and clean energy. The document outlines various research and development areas, including energy storage, microgrids, cybersecurity, and renewable integration. It highlights Sandia's efforts to enhance grid resilience and operational optimization through innovative technologies and partnerships.
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Grid Modernization Program Area
- 1. Sandia National Laboratoriesis a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 Sandia National Laboratories Grid Modernization Program Area Charles Hanley December, 2016 1
- 2. Sandia’s Grid Modernization Vision A world of interdependent and variable distributed systems that are optimized at multiple scales –including transmission – to maximize local resources in providing secure, resilient, and clean energy to all users at all times. Our capabilities support this vision: - DER and renewable energy integration - Power electronics and controls - Secure and scalable microgrids - Advanced grid analytics/complex systems - Infrastructure interdependencies - Cyber and physical security - Embedded sensors, information processing, and secure manufacturing - Energy storage systemsPicture courtesy of: Smart Grid 2030
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- 5. Improving Grid Resilience in Planning and Operations • Sandia developed a framework for rigorous quantification of energy system resilience • This framework enables decision making to obtain demonstrable resilience improvements •PJM Partnership: Applied to GMD as a threat we consider – Multiple scenarios for worst case GMD intensity and uncertainty in the orientation of the GMD – Formulate an optimization problem where minimizing consequences of one or multiple types is the objective – This results in a non-linear program (operations) or a mixed- integer non-linear program (planning) 5 ProbabilityofConsequences [$]GivenThreatX Consequences [$] Reduced Expected Financial Consequence Reduced Risk Baseline System Resilience Resilience of System after Improvements Improvements must cost significantly less than E-E’ E’(C) E(C)
- 6. DER Optimal Control 6 3 kW PV Inverter 20kW Battery Plug In Electric Vehicle Single Customer 200 W Micro- inverter Market Engine Communication System (Advanced Grid Function Dispatch and Monitoring) Forecasting (Solar, Wind, Load) Real-Time Optimization Virtual Power Plant Payment for services Markets Transmission Energy Market via ISO/RTO/ TSO Balancing Authority Geographical Information Distribution Energy Market 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter 200 W Micro- inverter = 200 Micro- inverters IEC 61850-90-7 over SEP 2.0, OpenADR, via TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, Zigbee 115 kV 12.47 kV 120/240 V Transmission System 20 kW Battery Gateway Gateway Security Engine bids commitments commitments expected power/load for multiple time horizons DER status, information on additional DER connections 3 MW Wind Turbine 1 MW Diesel Genset Medium Voltage Distribution System Low Voltage Distribution System advanced DER commands Removal of DER from VPP due to cyber compromise, natural disasters, communication failures, etc. IEC 61850-90-7 IEC 61850-90-7 Communication Losses/Failures Web-based Meteorological Information Backend High Performance Computing Single CustomerSingle Customer Wireless Database of recent threats/ vulnerabilities • This is where we are going… Key question: How do we ensure reliability, security and optimality? • Sandia working on solutions… Virtual Power Plant • Dispatch Resources • Of Any Kind • For Any Purpose
- 7. Analysis of High Pen. DER (PV) on Distribution Circuits • Assess impacts and mitigation of DER on distribution systems, mainly PV and storage • Develop advanced analysis techniques, simulation tools, solar variability data •DG screening and interconnection procedures 7 Interconnection screening & Interconnection procedures
- 8. Advanced Inverter R&D addressing system reliability issues and increasing RE penetration RELIABILITY: Ø V and F support (autonomous and closed-loop) ØTolerance to grid disturbances (V/FTR) Ø Advanced protection (e.g., fast trip to address TrOV) Ø SCADA integration and interoperability Ø CSI 4 project to determine default and optimal AI settings RENEWABLE INTEGRATION: 8 Volt/Var Function Partners: CPUC
- 9. Sandia Developing Secure, Resilient Microgrids • Sandia’s microgrid research spans advanced concepts through applications: – Controls and optimization theory –Resilience theory – Cyber security – Mission Assurance • Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) • Hoboken and NJ Transit • Remote sites: Alaska, Caribbean, Forward Operating Bases • Additional DOD and international microgrid work. 9 Design lead on 3 SPIDERS microgrids for DOD In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, led the design of resilient microgrids for NJ Transit and City of Hoboken
- 10. Advanced Microgrid Conceptual and Operational Designs Military Conceptual Designs/Assessments <1 MWMicrogrid Operations Large Scale Microgrid Operations Community Microgrid Designs • Creech AFB – FY12 DoD • Soto Cano – FY12 DoD • West Point FY12, DoD/DOE OE • Osan AFB, FY 12, DoD • Philadelphia Navy Yard – FY11, DOE OE/PIDC • Camp Smith – FY10, DOE FEMP • Indian Head NWC – FY09, DOE OE/DoD • Ft. Sill – FY08, Sandia LDRD • Ft. Bliss – FY10, DOE FEMP • Ft. Carson – FY10, DOE FEMP • Ft. Devens (99th ANG) – FY09, DOE OE/DoD • Ft. Belvoir – FY09 DOE OE/FEMP • Cannon AFB – FY11, DOE OE/DoD • Vandenberg AFB – FY11, DOE FEMP • Kirtland AFB – FY10, DOE OE/DoD • Maxwell AFB – FY09, DoD/DOE • Bagram – FY13, DOD • Kuwait – FY15, DoD • 29 Palms – FY14, DoD/ESTCP • Maxwell AFB – FY11 - 14, DoD • Ft. Sill – FY10, DoD • Ft. Bliss – FY12-13, DoD/ESTCP • SPIDERS JCTD – FY11- 15, DOE/DoD/CERL • Camp Smith • Ft. Carson • Hickam AFB • Ft. Belvoir FY15 DoD • Northampton, MA • NJ Transit • Hoboken, NJ • Lihue, Kauai • New Orleans, LA • Alaskan Villages Community Military
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- 12. Sandia Advanced Microgrid Engineering/Deployment Training § Advanced Microgrid Conceptual Design Course § 250 page course book follows ESDM process §Background info, vugraphs, information on advanced microgrid concepts and design process § 50 page work book § Example problem worksheets and full microgrid design and analysis process example § Designed in 2013 for stakeholders, engineers § 2-day or 3-day class, taught 4 times to date § Advanced Microgrid Modeling and Analysis Course § Currently under development for DOE § Designed for technical audience § Provide modeling tools and instruction on use for advanced microgrid design and optimization § Likely a week long or web–based training class
- 13. Cybersecurity and Power Systems: SCEPTRE Tool Set • Advanced hybrid modeling and simulation of ICS for simulated, emulated, hardware- in-the-loop integration of devices, networking/communications, and physical systems like microgrids – Emulation: router software, Modbus/DNP3/IEC 61850 traffic, HMIs –Simulation: power, gas pipelines, water systems – Hardware-in-the-loop: electrical relays, RTUs, PLCs, Lab-Volt system Integrated approach • Integrated Cyber-Physical Impact Analysis (ICIPIA) framework
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