The principles of green house design and construction are discussed in this presentation. The presentation is useful to the farmers and green house builders.

1. Suresh Mandhar
Emeritus Scientist
Agricultural Engineering
Email suresh.mandhar@gmail.com
Ph. +919480637505, 09886385295
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH
Hessarghatta, Bangalore - 560089

2. 1. PLANNING THE GREEN HOUSE
REQUIREMENT
WATER
SOIL
ELECTRICITY
MARKET
WIND BREAKS
AVOID SHADING FROM OTHER GREEN
HOUSES
2. TYPE OF GREEN HOUSES
NATURALLY VENTILATED
FAN AND PAD

3. GREEN HOUSE DESIGN
STRUCTURE
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY
MATREIAL OR CONSTRUCTION
G.I. PIPE OR SQUARE SECTIONS
POLES
2” OR 1.5” DIA. B CLASS PIPES AT A
DISTANCE OF 2 TO 2.5 M
TRUSSES
FABRICATED FROM 1.5” G.I.PIPES
PURLINS
1 OR 1.5” G.I. PIPES
CROSS BRAZING - 1.5” TO 2” G.I.

4. FOUNDATION
POLE HAVING A FOUNDATION OF 60 X 60 X 60 CM OR
30 CM DIA. AND ONE METER DEPTH
1:4:8 CEMENT CONCRETE
GUTTER AND DRAINAGE
ABLE TO DRAIN RAIN WATER
GLAZING
200 MICRON UV STABILISED LDPE SHEET
SILPOLINE SHEET
FIBRE GLASS
GLASS
POLYCARBONATE
GLAZING HOLDING
SHEET SHOULD BE TIGHT ON THE STRUCTURE

5. 3. LOCATION OF GREEN HOUSE
SIZE
NATURALLY VENTILATED GREEN HOUSE
SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN 50 M X 50 M
SPACING - NOT LESS THAN 6 M
FAN AND PAD GREEN HOUSE
LENGTH SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN 100 M

6. 4. COOLING
 HEAT LOAD - SOLAR RADIATION 1kW/sq.m
 INSIDE THE GREEN HOUSE - 500 W / sq.m
 NATURALLY VENTILATED NEEDS 40 % OF THE
FLOOR AREA AS OPENING ON THE SIDES &
ROOF
 FAN & PAD G.H. VETILATION 2.5 cu.m. / MINUTE/
sq.m floor area
 +CORRECTION FOR ALTITUDE, SOLAR RADIATION,
TEMPRATURE RISE FROM PAD TO FAN G.H. LENGTH
 FAN AND PAD - 12 M X 30 M NEEDS 2 FANS OF 4’ DIA
UNDER BANGALORE CONDITIONS
 4 FANS OF 4’ DIA UNDER NORTH INDIAN CONDITIONS
 DISTANCE BETWEEN FAN AND PAD SHALL NOT BE

7. FAN AND PAD GREENHOUSE
SUITABLE FOR HOT
AND DRY CLIMATES
NOT SUITABLE FOR
HUMID AND
COASTAL REGIONS

8. FASTERNER – SHOULD
NOT TEAR THE GLAZING
GLAZING SHOULD BE TIGHT ON THE STRUCTURE

9. FASTERNERS

10. SLIDING BENCHES

11. Wet bulb temperature for given dry bulb temperature
and relative humidity
RH (%) Dry bulb temperature 0
C
10 20 30 40
20 2.5 9.3 15.7 22.0
40 4.6 12.4 20.1 27.8
60 6.5 15.1 23.8 32.6
80 8.3 17.7 27.1 36.6

12. MARCH APRIL
15°C--
25°C--
35°C--
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN FPGH
DURING SUMMER
WHEN PAD IS ON
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.
AVG. WET BULB TEMP.
AVG. GH TEMP.

13. SeptemberOctober Nov. Dec. Jan.
22°C--
28°C--
34°C--
AVG. TEMP. IN FPGH DURING WINTER
WHEN PAD IS OFF
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.
AVG. GH TEMP.

14. August September October Nov. Dec. Jan.
AVG. TEMP. IN FPGH DURING
CLOUDY DAYS
(WHEN FAN AND PAD WAS ON)
24°C--
30°C-- AVG. GH TEMP.
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.

15. NATURALLY VENTILATED
MILD CLIMATES (UPTO 32°C)
COASTAL REGIONS
NORTHERN PLAINS OF INDIA
DURING WINTER

16. Fan
GREENHOUSE FOR NORTH INDIAN CONDITIONS
FAN AND PAD - SUMMER
NATURALLY VENTILATED - WINTER

17. MULTISPAN NATURALLY VENTILATED GREEN HOUSE

18. 0.0054 *Ag
*SR * 2
AT
=
√ h * (∆T)1.5
Where
AT
= Total area for ventilation - m2
Ag
= Total floor area of greenhouse - m2
SR
= Maximum solar radiations received in area – Wm-2
h = Vertical distance between center of side ventilation
opening and ridge ventilation opening in m
∆ T = Difference between temperature inside greenhouse and
the ambient temperature
1,00,000 LUX = 900 Wm-2
AREA FOR VENTILATION

19. AVG. GH TEMP
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.
21°C--
27°C--
33°C--
AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOVEM. DECEM. JAN
AVG. DAILY TEMP. IN NVGH
DURING WINTER

20. FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL
27°C--
32°C--
37°C--
AVG. DAILY TEMP. IN NVGH
DURING SUMMER
AVG. GH TEMP.
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.

21. 20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temp NVGH Temp FPGH Temp Ambient RH NVGH RH FPGH RH
J A S O N D J F M A M
J
Temperature(0
C)
RelativeHumidity(%)
TEMP. AND RH IN GREENHOUSES AT 10 A.M
NVGH Temp
FPGH Temp
Ambient Temp
FPGH RH
Ambient RH
NVGH RH
10 A.M
20°-
30°-
40°-
-20%
-50%
-80%RH
RH
TEMP.
°C
Jul Jan Jun

22. 20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Ambient Temp NV GH Temp FP GH Temp Ambient RH NV GH RH FP GH RH
Temperature(0
C)
RelativeHumidty(%)
J A S O N D J F M A M
TEMP. AND RH IN GREENHOUSES AT 1 P.M
FPGH RH
NVGH RHAmbient RH
FPGH Temp
NVGH Temp
Ambient Temp
1 P.M40°-
30°-
40°-
20°-
-50%
-20%
-80%
°C
RH
RH
TEMP.
Jul Jan Jun

23. 20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Ambient Temp NV G.H Temp FP G.H Temp Ambient RH NV G.H RH FP G.H RH
Temperature(0
C)
RelativeHumidity(%)
J A S O N D J F M A M J
TEMP. AND RH IN GREENHOUSES AT 4 P.M
NVGH Temp
FPGH RH
NVGH RH
Ambient RH
FPGH Temp
Ambient Temp
4 P.M
20°-
30°-
40°-
°C
-20%
-50%
-80%
RH
RH
TEMP.
Jul Jan Jun

24. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
10 a.m - GH-1
4 p.m - GH-11 p.m - GH- 1
10 a.m - AMBIENT
1 p.m - AMBIENT
4 p.m - AMBIENT
SOLARRADIATIONLUXX100
NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
MARCH
SOLAR RADIATION IN GREENHOUSE WITH INTERNAL SHADING AND 40 MESH
NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR.
200
400
600
800
1000
SOLAR RADIATION
INTERNAL SHADE – 40 MESH

25. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
10 a.m - GH- 21 p.m - GH-2
1 p.m GH- 2
10 a.m - AMBIENT
4 p.m AMBIENT
1 p.m AMBIENT
SOLARRADIATIONLUXX100
NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH
SOLAR RADIATION IN GREENHOUSE WITH INTERNAL SHADING AND 60 MESH
NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR.
200
400
600
800
1000
SOLAR RADIATION
INTERNAL SHADE – 60 MESH

26. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1 p.m AMBIENT
10 a.m AMBIENT
4 p.m AMBIENT
1p.m GH-3
4 p.m GH-3
10 a.m GH-3
SOLARRADIATIONLUXX100
NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH
SOLAR RADIATION IN GREENHOUSE WITH EXTERNAL SHADE AND 40 MESH
NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR.
200
400
600
800
1000
SOLAR RADIATION
EXTERNAL SHADE – 40 MESH

27. COMPUTERIZATION
CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE
Number of operating fans as per ambient / GH
temperature
FERTIGATION
Interval and quantity of irrigation water
Quantity of fertilizer in irrigation water
SAFETY OF GREEN HOUSE
During storm close all the openings and switch on all
the fans