Portugal, greece and the euro crisis what the news areMarkets Beyond
Portugal is under increasing stress after the rejection of a third austerity plan by its Parliament.
Greece's budget deficit reduction is not starting well in 2011, and the latest figures smell manipulation (with the EU blessing)
Greece eurozone and the euro the body is getting really rottenMarkets Beyond
Greece debt trap is inextricable: there is no way out of a default/restructing - debt "reprofiling" is just a joke since it would require 21% compound annual growth for 10 years to go back to 60% debt/GDP ratio.
As a result of the financial crisis and global recession public debt burdens have risen to critical levels in a number of Western European countries. Emergency loans from the EU and IMF have eased funding pressures, but have only bought the region time; painful fiscal adjustment and an improvement in competitiveness is required if the region is to enjoy a sustainable recovery.
Eastern Europe, while rebounding through exports and industrial output, will underperform its emerging-market peers in 2010. Business and consumer sentiment in the region is fragile, and its currency and bond markets are vulnerable to contagion from problems in the euro zone or a rise in risk aversion more broadly.
This presentation takes a look at the economic outlook for both Western and Eastern Europe.
Since the publication in July of stress test for banks in Europe, everything went quiet on the PIGS debt crisis with no much news during the summer. Things however are boiling again and Greek will come back to the forefront of medias sooner rather than later.
Greek officials together with IMF and EU ones are touring Europe investors to convince them to buy Greek long dated bonds: I remain unconvinced about the chance of success due to a continued depressed economic environment and the time frame required to modernize the Greek economy that goes well beyond the 3 years rescue plan.
Portugal, greece and the euro crisis what the news areMarkets Beyond
Portugal is under increasing stress after the rejection of a third austerity plan by its Parliament.
Greece's budget deficit reduction is not starting well in 2011, and the latest figures smell manipulation (with the EU blessing)
Greece eurozone and the euro the body is getting really rottenMarkets Beyond
Greece debt trap is inextricable: there is no way out of a default/restructing - debt "reprofiling" is just a joke since it would require 21% compound annual growth for 10 years to go back to 60% debt/GDP ratio.
As a result of the financial crisis and global recession public debt burdens have risen to critical levels in a number of Western European countries. Emergency loans from the EU and IMF have eased funding pressures, but have only bought the region time; painful fiscal adjustment and an improvement in competitiveness is required if the region is to enjoy a sustainable recovery.
Eastern Europe, while rebounding through exports and industrial output, will underperform its emerging-market peers in 2010. Business and consumer sentiment in the region is fragile, and its currency and bond markets are vulnerable to contagion from problems in the euro zone or a rise in risk aversion more broadly.
This presentation takes a look at the economic outlook for both Western and Eastern Europe.
Since the publication in July of stress test for banks in Europe, everything went quiet on the PIGS debt crisis with no much news during the summer. Things however are boiling again and Greek will come back to the forefront of medias sooner rather than later.
Greek officials together with IMF and EU ones are touring Europe investors to convince them to buy Greek long dated bonds: I remain unconvinced about the chance of success due to a continued depressed economic environment and the time frame required to modernize the Greek economy that goes well beyond the 3 years rescue plan.
Reshaping Income taxation as to address Covid-19: the Italian PolicyUniversity of Ferrara
Presentation prepared for the Conference held in Ferrara on March 12th and 13th 2021 under the auspices of ELI, Italian Branch and of the China University of Political Sciences and law.
The Greek 2011 budget failed miserably despite austerity measure; the eurozone continues stubbornly to plug an unpluggable hole since the roots of the problem are not adressed. The worst is to come...
The EUR 110 billion IMF and eurozone rescue package this weekend will not save Greece from a debt rescheduling. As for Portugal and Spain; but watch France and Italy...
WF Briefing note: The problem with Greece (Apr 2015)Matthew James
World First's chief economist, Jeremy Cook, takes a look at the implications of Greece leaving the euro. Just how likely is a Grexit and what would it mean for Greece and the rest of the eurozone?
WF briefing note: The problem with Greece (Apr 2015)World First
Jeremy Cook, Chief Economist at currency experts World First, explores what might happen if Greece left the euro - the so-called 'Grexit'. What would it mean for Greece, the rest of the eurozone and you?
CDS spreads are way up, bond yield at 7%, savers withdrawing money from banks: the day of recognizing has arrived and Greece will not avoid a bailout by end April.
Findings of a recent OECD paper on its forecast performance over the period 2007-12, focusing on the lessons that can be learned from cross-country differences in growth forecast errors and the changes to forecasting models and procedures that have been prompted by the experience of the crisis. By Pier Carlo Padoan, Deputy Secretary-General and Chief Economist.
Expansionary Fiscal Contraction? An Irish PerspectiveLatvijas Banka
Presentation by Franc Barry, Professor of International Business and Economic Development, Trinity College Dublin (Ireland) at the Bank of Latvia conference "Economic Adjustment under Sovereign Debt Crisis: Can Experience of the Baltics Be Applied to Others?"
The paper presents series of medium term economic simulations, evaluating fiscal costs of different EMU entry scenarios for six of the new EU members. Projections cover period of 2004- 2012 and use basic macroeconomic equations in an attempt to assess the value of public debtrelated costs that may occur in each of the countries, under specific assumptions. Four series of simulations were run, assuming two different EMU entry dates (2007 and 2012), and two growth scenarios (2% and 5% of real GDP growth p.a.). For each growth variant the early and late accession projections are compared in order to evaluate the net fiscal effect of delaying the EMU entry. Those effects depend on country’s starting position and are quite significant for most of the countries in question. Poland and Hungary are the biggest winners of the earlier EMU entrysimulations, both saving equivalence of 18-20% of their 2004 GDP levels (as compared to results of the late accession scenarios). It appears that the GDP growth rate does not seriously affect thevolume of the gains, which are rather generated by the faster interest rate reduction and tighter fiscal policies in case of the earlier EMU accession.
Authored by: Michal Gorzelak
Published in 2004
The arguments for fiscal as well as monetary rules in a monetary union aiming at low inflation, the main weaknesses in the Stability and Growth Pact, and proposals for its reform are reviewed. Our own proposal for reforming the SGP is put forward: a requirement for eurozone Member States to enact entrenched legislation which would forbid budgets that led to public debt exceeding a certain proportion of GDP. Countries which failed to enact such provisions or which rescinded them could not remain in the eurozone. This would solve the key “enforcibility problem” that the SGP faces, without centralizing fiscal power in the European Commission. However, effective reform proposals are unlikely to be politically acceptable, and the SGP is likely to continue to be a dead letter. This suggests that the EMU was implemented prematurely.
Authored by: Jacek Rostowski
Published in 2004
Reshaping Income taxation as to address Covid-19: the Italian PolicyUniversity of Ferrara
Presentation prepared for the Conference held in Ferrara on March 12th and 13th 2021 under the auspices of ELI, Italian Branch and of the China University of Political Sciences and law.
The Greek 2011 budget failed miserably despite austerity measure; the eurozone continues stubbornly to plug an unpluggable hole since the roots of the problem are not adressed. The worst is to come...
The EUR 110 billion IMF and eurozone rescue package this weekend will not save Greece from a debt rescheduling. As for Portugal and Spain; but watch France and Italy...
WF Briefing note: The problem with Greece (Apr 2015)Matthew James
World First's chief economist, Jeremy Cook, takes a look at the implications of Greece leaving the euro. Just how likely is a Grexit and what would it mean for Greece and the rest of the eurozone?
WF briefing note: The problem with Greece (Apr 2015)World First
Jeremy Cook, Chief Economist at currency experts World First, explores what might happen if Greece left the euro - the so-called 'Grexit'. What would it mean for Greece, the rest of the eurozone and you?
CDS spreads are way up, bond yield at 7%, savers withdrawing money from banks: the day of recognizing has arrived and Greece will not avoid a bailout by end April.
Findings of a recent OECD paper on its forecast performance over the period 2007-12, focusing on the lessons that can be learned from cross-country differences in growth forecast errors and the changes to forecasting models and procedures that have been prompted by the experience of the crisis. By Pier Carlo Padoan, Deputy Secretary-General and Chief Economist.
Expansionary Fiscal Contraction? An Irish PerspectiveLatvijas Banka
Presentation by Franc Barry, Professor of International Business and Economic Development, Trinity College Dublin (Ireland) at the Bank of Latvia conference "Economic Adjustment under Sovereign Debt Crisis: Can Experience of the Baltics Be Applied to Others?"
The paper presents series of medium term economic simulations, evaluating fiscal costs of different EMU entry scenarios for six of the new EU members. Projections cover period of 2004- 2012 and use basic macroeconomic equations in an attempt to assess the value of public debtrelated costs that may occur in each of the countries, under specific assumptions. Four series of simulations were run, assuming two different EMU entry dates (2007 and 2012), and two growth scenarios (2% and 5% of real GDP growth p.a.). For each growth variant the early and late accession projections are compared in order to evaluate the net fiscal effect of delaying the EMU entry. Those effects depend on country’s starting position and are quite significant for most of the countries in question. Poland and Hungary are the biggest winners of the earlier EMU entrysimulations, both saving equivalence of 18-20% of their 2004 GDP levels (as compared to results of the late accession scenarios). It appears that the GDP growth rate does not seriously affect thevolume of the gains, which are rather generated by the faster interest rate reduction and tighter fiscal policies in case of the earlier EMU accession.
Authored by: Michal Gorzelak
Published in 2004
The arguments for fiscal as well as monetary rules in a monetary union aiming at low inflation, the main weaknesses in the Stability and Growth Pact, and proposals for its reform are reviewed. Our own proposal for reforming the SGP is put forward: a requirement for eurozone Member States to enact entrenched legislation which would forbid budgets that led to public debt exceeding a certain proportion of GDP. Countries which failed to enact such provisions or which rescinded them could not remain in the eurozone. This would solve the key “enforcibility problem” that the SGP faces, without centralizing fiscal power in the European Commission. However, effective reform proposals are unlikely to be politically acceptable, and the SGP is likely to continue to be a dead letter. This suggests that the EMU was implemented prematurely.
Authored by: Jacek Rostowski
Published in 2004
Cuál sería el impacto de una hipotética salida de Grecia del euro? La respuesta es que, de darse este caso, sus efectos en la economía de la eurozona no serían excesivos
Eurozone, macro economic imbalances and the bailoutMarkets Beyond
European imbalances at a glance and a new measure of the fragility of countries according to their debt and budget deficits. Greece will need to restructure its debt
Greece's crisis deepens as fast as its debt. 2011 budget execution is terrible with tax receipts well below plans, and there is no way Greece will get out the crisis without defaulting on its debt obligations one way or an other (the latest idea is to call it "reprofiling"!) .
Etude PwC Global Economy Watch (fév. 2015)PwC France
http://bit.ly/GlobalEconomyWatchfev15-CP
Selon la dernière étude « Global Economy Watch » du cabinet d’audit et de conseil PwC, les économies importatrices nettes de pétrole, telles que la zone Euro, les États-Unis et le Japon devraient être les grandes gagnantes de la chute du prix du pétrole au cours de l’année 2015. La zone Euro devrait également bénéficier à court terme du programme d’assouplissement quantitatif annoncé par la BCE.
Ivo Pezzuto - "GREXIT": AVOIDED FOR NOW! (The Global Analyst Magazine August...Dr. Ivo Pezzuto
The threat of an unceremonious exit from the Euro Zone might have receded for the beleaguered Greece, at least for now. However, there is no guarantee the present bailout deal is enough to ensure the European economy’s return to normalcy. Given, the billion euro question is: Has it done enough to avoid exiting the Euro Zone? Whatever, one thing is for sure, the collapse of Greek economy could also mean collateral zone for one of the oldest and strongest trade block – Eurozone.
Deloitte global powers of consumer products 2014vishalsingh660
To start a new section, hold down the apple+shift keys and click
to release this object and type the section title in the box below.
Global Powers of Consumer Products 2014
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (DTTL) is
pleased to present the 7th annual
Global Powers of
Consumer Products
. This report identifies the 250 largest
consumer products companies around the world based
on publicly available data for the fiscal year 2012
(encompassing companies’ fiscal years ended through
June 2013).
The report also provides an outlook for the global
economy, an analysis of market capitalization in the
industry, a look at M&A activity in the consumer
products sector, and a discussion of major trends
affecting consumer products companies.
The ink has barely dried on the ECB’s shock-and-awe QE program that the market’s attention has already shifted back to Greece. The election over the weekend of a new government, led by Prime Minister Tsipras, has reignited the seemingly annual debate about whether/when Greece will default on its debt and leave the eurozone.
This paper investigates the barriers to innovation perceived by Polish manufacturing firms. It refers to the heterogeneity of innovation active firms. We introduce a taxonomy of innovative firms based on the frequency with which they introduce commercialised innovations using data from both CIS4 (for 2002-2004) and CIS5 (2004-2006). Two groups of innovation-active firms are distinguished: those which introduced innovation in both periods covered by both CIS (which we call persistent innovators) and those which introduced innovation either in CIS4 or CIS5 (which we call occasional innovators). We use a four step analysis covering binary correlations, Principal Component Analysis, probit model and correlations of disturbances. Two types of explanatory variables describing firms’ characteristics and innovation inputs used are considered. The paper shows that there are considerable differences in sensitivities to the perception of innovation barriers and in complementarities among barriers between persistent and occasional innovators. In the case of occasional innovators, a kind of innovation barrier chain is observed. This has an impact on differences in the frequency of innovation activities between the two groups of innovators and results in a diversification of innovators.
Authored by: Ewa Balcerowicz, Marek Pęczkowski, Anna Wziatek-Kubiak
Published in 2011
Principales conclusiones de la reunión del BCEFinect
Deutsche Bank ha realizado un informe en el que analiza las principales conclusiones de la reunión del BCE la semana pasada y las claves del inicio del programa de compra masiva de deuda, iniciado ayer. Asimismo, los analistas comentan los posibles efectos que esto puede tener en los mercados y vaticinan posibles escenarios a futuro en la eurozona.
Eurozone falling chickens choice internal or external devaluationMarkets Beyond
The political and economic backround in Europe is awful and no good choice is left to solve the huge imbalances between countries: external or internal devalutation.
Whatever the route followed it will translate into a fall in standard of living of Europeans. The path followed by European politicians for the past 4 years has led to a dead end and they will soon have to decide which of two tough routes to follow..
Rarely has there been more uncertainty regarding the course of the public finances over the next five years. In this note we aim to answer some of the big questions for the economy in light of the 2021 budget.
Similar to Greece will not be saved from a default (20)
Cyprus bail in revisited - consequences for small economiesMarkets Beyond
Cyprus bail-in is spilling over and the 100% of added burden is falling on the country, with 70% of its gold reserves at risk and EUR 5.8 billion withheld from banks depositis.
Small economies with a large financial sector are increasingly bullied by larger countries which are quick to find scapegoats
The bundesbank repatriates its gold reservesMarkets Beyond
Is the Bundesbank feeling unease with 2/3 of its gold reserves held abroad? This repratriation is a telling story about Germany's confidence in France and the FED.
Current account surplus is a key determinant to bonds market turnaround ita...Markets Beyond
Current accounts are key in determining when an over-indebted country will see it financial situation turning around allowing it to go back to the bond markets under "normal conditions". On this criteria, the discrepancy between Italy and France is startling and not justified by fundamentals: France will be punished by bonds market if nos dramatic action is impletmented by the French Government.
The European Council summit brought a "surprisng" conclusion with the agreement on mutualizing EZ banks' rescue; however the roots of the EZ problems are not addressed: economic and competitiveness imbalances.
French presidential elections showed a strong following for anti-eurozone candidates, and even stronger for anti-austerity only EU/ECB policy.
This will have consequences for th futre of the euro in a context where the Europe is heading back in recession and Spain is in deep trouble. France is also facing very strong social and economic challenges ahead.
The economic situation in Europe worsens: France's performance is catastrophic and Greece's whist improvin,g remains in negative territory. Europe has not addressed the roots of its failure and will continue to be under market's pressure.
The magnificent 7 and equity markets review 11Markets Beyond
2011 was a bumby year for financial markets and 2012 will be no less hectic. However the US economic picture is improving and as written in early 2011 no double dip to be expected but for FED policy folly.
Global imbalances remain, but the eurozone is where lies the deepest problems which have not been properly addressed.
Remain invested in high yielding equities / net cash companies with a strong franchise and look at strong brands in fast growing economies; stay clear from the bond market and financials.
Numbers announced by European leaders concerning the private sector participation to the rescue do not add up: the total losses would amount to EUR55 bn, far from the EUR100 bn trumpeted.
The EUR 100 billion banks will need to write down on their Greek sovereign debt can be matched via profits, dividends and bonus cuts for many banks in order to abide by Basle III capital ratio rules. A handful of banks will need to go to governments for capital.
This does not however look at the quality of private asset or any default from another peripheral European country.
Who should be single A rated france or italyMarkets Beyond
Italy have been for months under pressure from markets and France relatively unscattered even if froa few weeks its spreads have increased; according to numerous economic indicators France should hardly be better rated than Italy and does not deserve a AAA rating.
After being saved in October 2008, Dexia is finally doomed and will end-up split: it is the French part which is the dead body with it huge exposure to local authorities.
Its demise will not however induce a spillover on other bnaks: their own exposure to toxic asset will do the job for the one which cannot recapitalize.
This week EU and IMF are discussing with Greece to assess whether budget deficit reduction and structural reforms to be implemented are sufficient to release EUR 8 billion of aid in October in order to avoid a default.
This article reviews numerous dysfunctions in Greece.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
2. http://marketsandbeyond.blogspot.com/
http://www.pcgwm.com/
This leads me to 2 conclusions:
(1) How do the Greeks expect to have a positive nominal GDP growth when the
economy is still uncompetitive and tax increases and wage / pension freeze (at best) are
going to weigh on an economy which has been geared for so long towards consumption?
(2) The euro has not been an instrument of convergence but of divergence since
interest rates did not reflect the competitiveness of each eurozone country but a melting-
pot hiding large discrepancies and not providing any incentive to converge due to the lack
of stringent enough and automatic rule’s enforcement of the Stability Pact.
Beyond more fiscal and social austerity measures, has Greece any additional revenues they
could fund? I see two sources: selling state owned assets estimated to represent EUR 9.2
billion (figure rather optimistic to obtain when you are a well-known distressed seller) and
multi-years pre-payment of EU structural funds (everything is possible in Brussels to save
face - it would be counterproductive and disastrous for the EU credibility on the world
stage).
Overall, it will not be enough.
2. SGP execution
Prima facie, the implementation of the SGP is going rather well with a 39% decrease in the
budget deficit for Q1 2010 vs Q1 2009, but the evil is in the details:
• First, 45% of the progress comes from a deep reduction in the Public
Investment Program which, by the way, is due to slightly increase for 2010;
at the current monthly spending, Greece is EUR 6 billion behind. So do not expect
any improvement to come from this item; to the contrary, there is a lot of catch up
to do by the end of the year to reach the EUR 10.3 billion spending contained in the
SGP.
• Second, interest payments are zooming up. The subsidy that Greece will
receive from its eurozone partners will however limit the negative aspect of this
item
• Third, the primary expenditure is making very slow progress
• Fourth, the EUR 870 million special levy on profitable firms was mostly
collected in January
• Fifth, payment of EU EUR 1.4 billion structural funds is being
accelerated
2
3. http://marketsandbeyond.blogspot.com/
http://www.pcgwm.com/
3. Markets & Beyond projections
It is quasi- impossible to project the success or failure of the SGP measure being
implemented or the additional cost of any deviation in unemployment numbers from
projections. What is less difficult to assess is the reality of GDP growth and therefore the
level of debt requirements and whether the eurozone and IMF subsidy will be enough or
not.
I do not believe one second that Greece will have a positive growth in 2010;
commentators and analysts are broadly discussing about a 4% GDP contraction.
I started with the SGP numbers and I applied 2 different nominal GDP growth factors
under 2 scenarii: one taking SGP alternative scenario and one with less optimistic GDP
figures. In each case I calculated the additional debt and cost of interest at 5%, assuming
that eurozone members will be willing to continue financing at subsidized rates...
3
4. http://marketsandbeyond.blogspot.com/
http://www.pcgwm.com/
SGP alternative scenario: the debt/GDP ratio continues deteriorating, whilst at a slow
pace. This is obviously overly optimistic since any negative delta compared to the baseline
scenario would translate in lower tax revenues which are not taken into account in
Markets & Beyond calculation. The additional debt is rather sustainable in 2010 and
2011 marginally and increases the debt/GDP ration for the 4 years under review. I do not
take on-board this scenario either.
4
5. http://marketsandbeyond.blogspot.com/
http://www.pcgwm.com/
Markets & Beyond scenario: the situation is unsustainable and the GDP
projections are quite aggressive and do not take into account lower tax receipts. This will
result in a default that would occur at the latest in H1 2011 (and probably by March
20 or May 18 2011 when two bonds are maturing – EUR 8.6 and 6.6 billion) but for
additional financing from the IMF and other eurozone countries (it was reported last week
that Axel Weber, the Chairman of the Bundesbank, said that EUR 80 billion would be
required in 2010). Either Greece will default abruptly (not my scenario) or its debt
payment rescheduling / will be negotiated (my scenario).
Conclusion
The rescue package, if finally delivered (watch Germany), will not be enough to
plug the widening gap; it is merely buying time and any reprieve will be short lived.
The EU, the IMF and Greece should prepare a managed default and start
discussing with creditors, which are mainly European (this should facilitate negotiations),
to reschedule the debt and the haircut they will need to take (in my view in the 50% region
to make the debt burden manageable for Greece and be within the 60% zone of the
Maastricht criteria).
Sources:
Hellenic Ministry of Economy and Finance
http://www.mnec.gr/en/
Hellenic Ministry of Economy and Finance: Accounting Office
http://www.mof-glk.gr/en/home.htm
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