This document provides information about applicants for an artistic residency program called "Altacreat." It describes 10 applicant profiles and asks the reader to consider the strengths and qualifications of each applicant in pairs. The applicants include composers, architects, novelists, opera singers, screenplay writers, filmmakers, poets, landscape architects, artists and digital artists from various countries. Their specializations range from classical piano to geometric mosaics.
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tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
đồ áN ngành may xây dựng tài liệu kỹ thuật triển khai sản xuất mã hàng áo thu...TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Kho tài liệu: Giá 10k/ 5 lần download -Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
đồ áN ngành may xây dựng tài liệu kỹ thuật triển khai sản xuất mã hàng áo thu...TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Kho tài liệu: Giá 10k/ 5 lần download -Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
[Kho tài liệu ngành may] đồ án tốt nghiệp chuyên ngành thiết kế thời trang ...TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Giá 10k/ 5 lần download -Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú
Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
Cập nhật thông tin về may mặc, may vá nhanh nhất tại : http://facebook.com/maymaymininhat
Mua máy may mini gia đình hiện đại nhất tại : http://muangay123.com/may-khau
Tiểu luận về phòng chống bạo lưc học đường. Trong thực tế hiện nay việc giáo dục đạo đức học sinh trong nhà trường có phần giảm sút, bởi nhiều nguyên nhân như: giáo viên chỉ chú trọng đến việc dạy chữ ít quan tâm đến việc dạy làm người; ở gia đình cha mẹ chỉ lo việc làm ăn buôn bán cũng ít quan tâm đến các em…Mặt khác, mặt trái của cơ chế mới đã ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến giới trẻ học đường. Sự thâm nhập văn hóa đồi trụy qua các phương tiện mạng internet, xung quanh trường mở nhiều cơ sở games online, phim ảnh và trò chơi bạo lực trực tuyến, nhiều quán xung quanh trường tập trung những thanh thiếu niên thiếu quan tâm của gia đình đã nghỉ học, không nghề nghiệp sống lang thang ... đã tác động ảnh hưởng đến một số học sinh có biểu hiện chán học, học yếu kém, thiếu chăm lo của gia đình làm cho các em bị lôi kéo và có những suy nghỉ lệch lạc. Đánh giá thực trạng về giáo dục – đào tạo Nghị quyết Trung ương 2 khóa VIII cũng đã nhấn mạnh “Đặc biệt đáng lo ngại là một bộ phận học sinh, sinh viên có tình trạng suy thoái về đạo đức, mờ nhạt về lý tưởng, theo lối sống thực dụng, thiếu hoài bão lập thân, lập nghiệp vì tương lai của đất nước …Cần tổ chức cho học sinh tham gia các hoạt động xã hội, văn hóa, thể thao phù hợp với lứa tuổi và với yêu cầu giáo dục toàn diện. Về phía giáo viên, có giáo viên còn coi nhẹ công tác giáo dục đạo đức cho học sinh làm cho đạo đức học đường xuống cấp.Từ đó, tạo cho mỗi chúng ta phải suy nghĩ và đây là mối quan tâm trăn trở của các bậc làm cha làm mẹ, của các thầy cô giáo và của toàn xã hội chúng ta. Tuy nhiên trước hết là trách nhiệm đó là của nhà trường nơi giáo dục và đào tạo con người từ khi mới cắp sách đi học cho đến khi bước chân vào đời. Việc giáo dục đạo đức cho học sinh trong nhà trường luôn là vấn đề cần quan tâm. Đồng thời, việc dạy văn hóa cho các em nếu có sự ngoan ngoãn, chăm chỉ thì mới có thể học tốt được, bên cạnh đó việc tiếp thu tốt kiến thức các bộ phận môn văn hóa là nền tảng xây dựng những phẩm chất tốt đẹp trong tâm hồn các em. Có thể khẳng định giáo dục đạo đức cùng công tác tư tưởng chính trị trong nhà trường là nhiệm vụ chính trị hàng đầu góp phần thực hiện tốt nhiệm vụ trọng tâm – nhiệm vụ chuyên môn nhất là trong tình hình hiện nay, khi các giá trị truyền thống trong xã hội đang bị xói mòn, tệ nạn xã hội đang len lỏi, xâm nhập vào nhà trường.
Trò chơi với chữ cái và phát triển ngôn ngữ (nxb giáo dục 2003) đặng thu hu...thuvienso24h
1. Bạn đang xem miễn phí một phần cuốn sách. Để đọc toàn bộ cuốn sách vui lòng truy cập http://www.thuvienso24h.tk/ để Download. Chúng tôi hỗ trợ bạn download mọi tài liệu từ 5 thư viện số : http://thuvienso.hcmutrans.edu.vn http://thuvien.hcmutrans.edu.vn/ http://www.vnulib.edu.vn:8000/dspace/ http://catalog.vnulib.edu.vn/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do ?page=azbooks http://tvs.vinhuni.edu.vn/Default.aspx
[Kho tài liệu ngành may] 18 thiết kế mẫu rập y phục trẻ emTÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Giá 10k Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú
Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Tài liệu này có tính phí xin vui lòng liên hệ facebook để được hỗ trợ Liên hệ page để nhận link download sách và tài liệu: https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace.blog
My Blog: http://congnghemayblog.blogspot.com/
Từ khóa tìm kiếm tài liệu : Wash jeans garment washing and dyeing, tài liệu ngành may, purpose of washing, definition of garment washing, tài liệu cắt may, sơ mi nam nữ, thiết kế áo sơ mi nam, thiết kế quần âu, thiết kế veston nam nữ, thiết kế áo dài, chân váy đầm liền thân, zipper, dây kéo trong ngành may, tài liệu ngành may, khóa kéo răng cưa, triển khai sản xuất, jacket nam, phân loại khóa kéo, tin học ngành may, bài giảng Accumark, Gerber Accumarkt, cad/cam ngành may, tài liệu ngành may, bộ tài liệu kỹ thuật ngành may dạng đầy đủ, vật liệu may, tài liệu ngành may, tài liệu về sợi, nguyên liệu dệt, kiểu dệt vải dệt thoi, kiểu dệt vải dệt kim, chỉ may, vật liệu dựng, bộ tài liệu kỹ thuật ngành may dạng đầy đủ, tiêu chuẩn kỹ thuật áo sơ mi nam, tài liệu kỹ thuật ngành may, tài liệu ngành may, nguồn gốc vải denim, lịch sử ra đời và phát triển quần jean, Levi's, Jeans, Levi Straus, Jacob Davis và Levis Strauss, CHẤT LIỆU DENIM, cắt may quần tây nam, quy trình may áo sơ mi căn bản, quần nam không ply, thiết kế áo sơ mi nam, thiết kế áo sơ mi nam theo tài liệu kỹ thuật, tài liệu cắt may,lịch sử ra đời và phát triển quần jean, vải denim, Levis strauss cha đẻ của quần jeans. Jeans skinny, street style áo sơ mi nam, tính vải may áo quần, sơ mi nam nữ, cắt may căn bản, thiết kế quần áo, tài liệu ngành may,máy 2 kim, máy may công nghiệp, two needle sewing machine, tài liệu ngành may, thiết bị ngành may, máy móc ngành may,Tiếng anh ngành may, english for gamrment technology, anh văn chuyên ngành may, may mặc thời trang, english, picture, Nhận biết và phân biệt các loại vải, cotton, chiffon, silk, woolCÁCH MAY – QUY CÁCH LẮP RÁP – QUY CÁCH ĐÁNH SỐTÀI LIỆU KỸ THUẬT NGÀNH MAY –TIÊU CHUẨN KỸ THUẬT – QUY CÁCH ĐÁNH SỐ - QUY CÁCH LẮP RÁP – QUY CÁCH MAY – QUY TRÌNH MAY – GẤP XẾP ĐÓNG GÓI
[Kho tài liệu ngành may] đề cương bài giảng thiết kế mẫu rập y phục nữTÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Giá 10k Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú
Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
[Kho tài liệu ngành may] nghiên cứu và xây dựng ngân hàng mẫu thiết kế cổ và ...TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Giá 10k/ 5 lần download -Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú
Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
Giáo trình thiết kế sơ mi, quần âu, chân váy đầm liền thân, veston, áo dàiTÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Kho tài liệu: Giá 10k/ 5 lần download -Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
:
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Giá 10k Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú
Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
Giá 10k/ 5 lần download -Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
This document provides an overview of a lesson on comparison and contrast as a mode of paragraph development. It begins with learning objectives, then defines comparison and contrast as examining how things are similar or different. An example is provided comparing pictures. Students will then analyze texts in groups and present their findings. The document outlines discussion questions and provides guidance on activities, including comparing/contrasting sentences about pictures. Key terms are defined, such as comparing examining similarities and contrasting examining differences.
[Kho tài liệu ngành may] đồ án tốt nghiệp chuyên ngành thiết kế thời trang ...TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH MAY
Giá 10k/ 5 lần download -Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace Chỉ với 10k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn có ngay 5 lượt download tài liệu bất kỳ do Garment Space upload, hoặc với 100k THẺ CÀO VIETTEL bạn được truy cập kho tài liệu chuyên ngành vô cùng phong phú
Liên hệ: www.facebook.com/garmentspace
Cập nhật thông tin về may mặc, may vá nhanh nhất tại : http://facebook.com/maymaymininhat
Mua máy may mini gia đình hiện đại nhất tại : http://muangay123.com/may-khau
Tiểu luận về phòng chống bạo lưc học đường. Trong thực tế hiện nay việc giáo dục đạo đức học sinh trong nhà trường có phần giảm sút, bởi nhiều nguyên nhân như: giáo viên chỉ chú trọng đến việc dạy chữ ít quan tâm đến việc dạy làm người; ở gia đình cha mẹ chỉ lo việc làm ăn buôn bán cũng ít quan tâm đến các em…Mặt khác, mặt trái của cơ chế mới đã ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến giới trẻ học đường. Sự thâm nhập văn hóa đồi trụy qua các phương tiện mạng internet, xung quanh trường mở nhiều cơ sở games online, phim ảnh và trò chơi bạo lực trực tuyến, nhiều quán xung quanh trường tập trung những thanh thiếu niên thiếu quan tâm của gia đình đã nghỉ học, không nghề nghiệp sống lang thang ... đã tác động ảnh hưởng đến một số học sinh có biểu hiện chán học, học yếu kém, thiếu chăm lo của gia đình làm cho các em bị lôi kéo và có những suy nghỉ lệch lạc. Đánh giá thực trạng về giáo dục – đào tạo Nghị quyết Trung ương 2 khóa VIII cũng đã nhấn mạnh “Đặc biệt đáng lo ngại là một bộ phận học sinh, sinh viên có tình trạng suy thoái về đạo đức, mờ nhạt về lý tưởng, theo lối sống thực dụng, thiếu hoài bão lập thân, lập nghiệp vì tương lai của đất nước …Cần tổ chức cho học sinh tham gia các hoạt động xã hội, văn hóa, thể thao phù hợp với lứa tuổi và với yêu cầu giáo dục toàn diện. Về phía giáo viên, có giáo viên còn coi nhẹ công tác giáo dục đạo đức cho học sinh làm cho đạo đức học đường xuống cấp.Từ đó, tạo cho mỗi chúng ta phải suy nghĩ và đây là mối quan tâm trăn trở của các bậc làm cha làm mẹ, của các thầy cô giáo và của toàn xã hội chúng ta. Tuy nhiên trước hết là trách nhiệm đó là của nhà trường nơi giáo dục và đào tạo con người từ khi mới cắp sách đi học cho đến khi bước chân vào đời. Việc giáo dục đạo đức cho học sinh trong nhà trường luôn là vấn đề cần quan tâm. Đồng thời, việc dạy văn hóa cho các em nếu có sự ngoan ngoãn, chăm chỉ thì mới có thể học tốt được, bên cạnh đó việc tiếp thu tốt kiến thức các bộ phận môn văn hóa là nền tảng xây dựng những phẩm chất tốt đẹp trong tâm hồn các em. Có thể khẳng định giáo dục đạo đức cùng công tác tư tưởng chính trị trong nhà trường là nhiệm vụ chính trị hàng đầu góp phần thực hiện tốt nhiệm vụ trọng tâm – nhiệm vụ chuyên môn nhất là trong tình hình hiện nay, khi các giá trị truyền thống trong xã hội đang bị xói mòn, tệ nạn xã hội đang len lỏi, xâm nhập vào nhà trường.
Trò chơi với chữ cái và phát triển ngôn ngữ (nxb giáo dục 2003) đặng thu hu...thuvienso24h
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This document provides an overview of a lesson on comparison and contrast as a mode of paragraph development. It begins with learning objectives, then defines comparison and contrast as examining how things are similar or different. An example is provided comparing pictures. Students will then analyze texts in groups and present their findings. The document outlines discussion questions and provides guidance on activities, including comparing/contrasting sentences about pictures. Key terms are defined, such as comparing examining similarities and contrasting examining differences.
Here are a few key points of critical reflection on your group's Walmart presentation:
- You grew more comfortable working together through practice, allowing for more open expression. This shows development of interpersonal skills critical for collaboration.
- Tackling a controversial topic like Walmart helped strengthen your analysis skills. Even though the company has issues, you were able to set biases aside and objectively examine their business model.
- Presenting on an unfavorable company pushed you out of your comfort zone. Stepping into different perspectives is difficult but helps expand understanding. You rose to the challenge in a learning experience.
- Feedback from the first presentation helped you identify areas for improvement. Reflecting on prior work to enhance
This document provides a review for an advanced TOEFL exam, covering vocabulary, writing, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and grammar/language theory. It includes a list of TOEFL vocabulary words, general strategies for the listening and reading comprehension sections, and exercises testing parts of speech, verb types, phrases, and other grammar concepts.
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The Crucible Essay Topics. Essay on The Crucible - GCSE English - Marked by T...Amie Campbell
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1. The document discusses design patterns and their importance. It begins by introducing Christopher Alexander as the father of patterns and describes how he defined a pattern as a solution to a recurring problem in a context.
2. It then asks questions about what makes a good design and discusses how the Gang of Four identified software design patterns that solve common problems in reusable, generic solutions.
3. The document explains that studying design patterns is useful because it promotes reuse of solutions, establishes a common terminology, and improves team communication, code maintainability, and learning of object-oriented principles. Patterns help developers see both the forest and the trees.
Critical thinking fall 2014 2015 (chapters 6,7,8,11 and 12 analyzing and eval...XixiViolet
Here are some potential fallacies you could commit in your sampling:
- Hasty generalization - Drawing a conclusion about a population based on a small, non-representative sample.
- Sampling bias - Only sampling data that agrees with your hypothesis and ignoring data that contradicts it.
- Leading/loaded question - Asking questions in a way that biases or leads respondents toward answering in a particular way.
- Confirmation bias - Seeking out or assigning more weight to information that confirms your preconceptions, and ignoring or undervaluing information that contradicts them.
- False dichotomy - Presenting sampling options as if they are mutually exclusive when there are actually other alternatives.
Being aware
The document discusses techniques for more productive brainstorming sessions based on principles developed by Alex Osborn in the 1930s. It provides Osborn's original four ground rules for brainstorming - defer judgment, go for quantity, get radical, and leapfrog off others' ideas. The document also lists phrases that can kill creativity and provides tips for setting up brainstorming sessions, including establishing guidelines, recording ideas, and timeboxing the session. Overall, the document offers guidance on how to structure productive brainstorming meetings using Osborn's established framework.
Lauren Herbert proposes to direct a one-act play at Creekview High School for her senior project. She has four years of experience in the drama club and wants to explore a career in directing or entertainment. Her project will include picking a play, holding auditions, rehearsals, and a final performance. Directing such a large production herself will be a significant challenge that will help her learn how to manage something of this scale. She estimates costs of $100 for advertising, costumes, and sets, which she will pay herself. Her proposed facilitator is the school drama director Mr. Tamanini.
A Timeless Way of Communicating: Alexandrian Pattern LanguagesJoshua Kerievsky
The document provides details on a pattern language for study groups, including the Pool of Insight pattern which describes creating an environment where participants can gain new understanding, and the Motivated Moderator pattern which emphasizes the importance of effective facilitation to ensure discussions are productive. The patterns are presented using Christopher Alexander's Alexandrian format which includes context, problem statement, evidence, solution, and connection to other patterns.
Writing A Research Article In An Introductory Course PDenise Lopez
The document discusses how Hester Prynne is portrayed as a victim in Nathaniel Hawthorne's classic novel "The Scarlet Letter". It describes how she is unfairly punished through public shaming and forced to wear the scarlet letter A for committing adultery, while the father Arthur Dimmesdale faces no punishment. The patriarchal Puritan society views Hester's actions as wicked and subjects her to harsh discipline. The document argues Hester is a victim of an overly harsh punishment from the expectations of the male-dominated society in the novel.
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The document announces a STEM day for students to explore various STEM-related activities and experiments. It provides information on the schedule for STEM day, which will include selecting 4 sessions from a list of 33 options related to topics in science, technology, engineering, and math. Some of the session options described include building marshmallow towers, learning about viruses, exploring the universe through a telescope, building and launching bottle rockets, and extracting DNA.
The document provides instructions for seeking writing help from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, submitting a request form with instructions and deadline, reviewing writer bids and choosing one, authorizing payment after receiving a satisfactory paper, and requesting revisions if needed. The service promises original, high-quality content and refunds for plagiarized work.
The band Queen was formed in 1970 in London, England by four musicians who had known each other for years: Freddie Mercury, Brian May, Roger Taylor, and Mike Gross. They struggled to find success early on, going through multiple bass players before settling on John Deacon. Their self-titled debut album was released in 1973 to mixed reviews. They gained popularity through their live performances as an opening act. Their second album and its hit single "Seven Seas of Rhye" helped them break through commercially. After releasing several successful albums in the 1970s, Queen achieved worldwide recognition and fame.
PPT - English Essay Writing Help Online PowerPoint Presentation, FreLisa Muthukumar
This document outlines a 5-step proposal for Sterling Marking Products to enter the UK market. It recommends establishing a wholly owned subsidiary to have full control over operations. Some key points:
1. Establish a wholly owned UK subsidiary to have full control over operations and avoid issues from current partnerships where control is shared.
2. Hire a general manager to oversee the subsidiary and hire local staff.
3. Use the subsidiary to target both large retailers and smaller shops to gain market share.
4. Consider Canada for future expansion but be cautious of strain on resources from expanding too quickly internationally.
5. Monitor subsidiary closely and reevaluate strategy after 3 years of operations.
El documento describe el método Design Sprint, el cual es una metodología para resolver problemas rápidamente mediante el diseño, creación de prototipos y pruebas de ideas con usuarios. El Design Sprint sigue seis fases: Comprender, Definir, Dibujar, Decidir, Prototipo y Validar, las cuales alinean rápidamente a los equipos para desarrollar una hipótesis, crear prototipos de una idea y probarla con usuarios con la menor inversión posible.
1) El documento presenta diferentes tipos de pronombres en inglés como personales, demostrativos y artículos definidos e indefinidos.
2) Explica el uso del verbo "to be" para indicar características, edad, sentimientos y más. Se presentan las formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.
3) Brevemente describe verbos regulares e irregulares, e introduce el tiempo presente simple con ejemplos de su forma afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.
Este documento presenta varios temas sobre el inglés intermedio. Explica las colocaciones en inglés y cómo algunas palabras se usan juntas con un orden específico. También cubre diferentes tiempos verbales como el futuro simple, futuro progresivo y futuro perfecto. Por último, introduce la diferencia entre sustantivos contables e incontables.
Este documento presenta una lección sobre el uso de diferentes verbos modales en inglés como "can", "could", "may", "might", "should", "ought to", "must" y "like". Explica sus usos en oraciones afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas. También cubre el uso del presente continuo, imperativo y comparaciones con "like" y "as".
Este documento presenta una lección sobre adverbios en inglés. Explica los diferentes tipos de adverbios como adverbios de tiempo, lugar, modo y frecuencia. Proporciona ejemplos de cada tipo de adverbio y cómo se usan en oraciones. También cubre temas como preguntar y decir la hora, los días de la semana, meses del año y una rutina diaria como ejemplos de cómo usar adverbios en contexto.
Este documento presenta vocabulario básico en inglés relacionado con partes de la casa, la familia, el cuerpo humano, profesiones, plurales, adjetivos, comparativos, superlativos, pronombres posesivos y pronombres objetos. Incluye listas de vocabulario con traducciones al español y ejemplos para practicar cada tema. El documento está organizado en 8 secciones que cubren estos conceptos fundamentales de la gramática y el vocabulario en inglés.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los tiempos verbales en inglés, incluyendo el pasado simple, pasado progresivo, used to, presente perfecto, presente perfecto continuo y pronombres indefinidos. Explica las formas afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas de cada tiempo verbal y proporciona ejemplos de su uso. También cubre conceptos como pronombres reflexivos y relativos.
Este documento presenta una lección sobre adverbios en inglés. Explica los diferentes tipos de adverbios como adverbios de tiempo, lugar, modo y frecuencia. Proporciona ejemplos de cada tipo de adverbio y cómo se usan en oraciones. También cubre temas como preguntar y decir la hora, los días de la semana, meses del año, y describir rutinas diarias.
Este documento presenta varios temas sobre el inglés intermedio. Explica las colocaciones en inglés y cómo algunas palabras se usan juntas con un orden específico. También cubre diferentes tiempos verbales como el futuro simple, futuro progresivo y futuro perfecto. Por último, introduce la diferencia entre sustantivos contables e incontables.
Este documento presenta vocabulario básico en inglés relacionado con partes de la casa, la familia, el cuerpo humano, profesiones, plurales, adjetivos, comparativos, superlativos, pronombres posesivos y pronombres objetos. Incluye listas de vocabulario con traducciones al español y ejemplos para practicar cada tema. El documento está organizado en 8 secciones que cubren estos conceptos fundamentales de la gramática y el vocabulario en inglés.
Este documento presenta una lección sobre diferentes temas gramaticales en inglés, incluyendo el presente continuo, imperativo, verbos modales como can, could, may y must, y el uso del gerundio. Explica las estructuras y usos de cada uno a través de ejemplos.
Este documento presenta una introducción a los pronombres personales, demostrativos y artículos en inglés. Explica cómo se usan los pronombres personales para referirse a personas o cosas, y los pronombres demostrativos para indicar distancia. También describe el uso del artículo definido "the" y los artículos indefinidos "a" y "an". Además, introduce el verbo "to be" y su uso para indicar características, edad y sentimientos. Por último, explica la conjugación de verbos regulares e irregulares en presente simple.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a los tiempos verbales en inglés, incluyendo el pasado simple, pasado progresivo, used to, presente perfecto, presente perfecto continuo y pronombres indefinidos. Explica las formas afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas de cada tiempo verbal y ofrece ejemplos de su uso. También cubre conceptos como pronombres reflexivos, relativos y adverbios relativos.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
1. 330 UNIT 18
OPENING TASK
Skills and Qualifications
You and a partner have been asked to consider the strengths and
weaknesses of the following ten applicants described on the next
page for “Altacreat,” an artistic community in the northwestern
United States designed to provide artistic space for ten artists in
residence for periods of up to three months. Specially designed
studios inspire “cutting-edge” artistic creations and common
eating, and conversation spaces provide contexts for global
intellectual exchange after the day’s work is done.
Altacreat has individual apartments and studios for each
artist, all room and board paid for by scholarships, a library, a
computer center, and communications facilities for all artists, the
capability to receive international newspapers, mail, and television
broadcasts, 24-hour computer access, and interactions with the
public through on-site visits by local schools and businesses.
UNIT
UNIT GOALS
18 GERUNDS AND
INFINITIVES
• Identify the functions of
gerunds and infinitives
in a sentence
• Use a variety of
gerund and infinitive
structures correctly
• Distinguish gerunds
from infinitives
• Use for with infinitives
and ’s with gerunds
• Use gerunds as objects
of prepositions and
phrasal verbs
2. STEP 2
Share the results of your brainstorming with your classmates.
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 331
STEP 1
In pairs, jot down ideas about why you think each person in the chart that follows might like to
be a candidate. Think about why he or she would want to be part of the center and what positive
skills or characteristics he or she could bring. The first one has been done as an example.
Composer: Female, wife of architect, Korean, 25 years old Playing the piano could entertain and inspire
Specialization: classical piano the other artists to design better creations.
She might also want to co-design with her
husband (if he is also selected) modern piano
studios for home and commercial use.
Architect: Male, husband of piano composer, Japanese,
35 years old
Specialization: modern styles mixed with very traditional
Novelist: Female, Hungarian, 40 years old, married, expects to
have a baby in one month
Specialization: novels about gypsies in Europe
Opera Singer: Female, Russian, 32 years old, single
Specialization: dramatic, passionate roles in Italian operas
Screenplay Writer: Female, wife of filmmaker, 39 years old,
American (U.S.)
Specialization: detective mysteries
Filmmaker: Male, husband of screenplay writer, 60 years old,
Mexican
Specialization: love stories
Poet: Male, 28 years old, Vietnamese, widowed
Specialization: effects of technology on everyday life
Landscape Architect: Female, 23 years old, Brazilian, single
Specialization: sunken gardens
Artist: Female, 36 years old, Turkish, married
Specialization: geometric mosaics
Digital Artist: Female, 28 years old, Chinese, single
Specialization: collecting photos from Webcams and arranging
them in displays
CANDIDATE RATIONALE
3. 332 UNIT 18
form
FOCUS 1 Overview of Gerunds and Infinitives
EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS
Infinitives (to + verb) or gerunds (verb + -ing)
can have various functions in a sentence:
(a) Speaking English is fun. Subject: Gerunds and infinitives can function
(b) To compose a sonata would take months. as subjects. However, it is more common for
(c) It would take months to compose a
infinitives that are subjects to move to the end
sonata.
of the sentence with it as the new subject.
(d) His dream was to direct the ultimate Subject Complement: A subject complement
Mexican love story. follows be and refers back to the subject of the
(e) Her hobby is weaving baskets. sentence.
(f) I don’t understand the need to take a Noun Complement: Noun complements explain
ten-minute break. the nouns that they refer to. The infinitive can
(g) The instruction to wear safety goggles be a complement to certain abstract nouns (for
has saved many people’s eyes. example, advice, decision, desire, fact, opportunity,
order, plan, possibility, proposal, request, refusal,
requirement, suggestion, way, wish). (See Unit 21,
Focus 1, for a more extensive list of abstract
nouns.)
(h) I am sorry to inform you of the delay. Adjective Complement: Certain adjectives can be
(i) They were pleased to meet you. followed by infinitives. These include:
afraid disappointed pleased
amazed eager proud
anxious eligible ready
apt (un)fit reluctant
ashamed fortunate sad
bound glad shocked
careful happy sorry
certain hesitant sure
content liable surprised
delighted likely upset
determined
(j) Paco hopes to see the play. Direct Object: A direct object follows a verb.
(k) Carol remembered mailing the package. Depending upon the verb and accompanying
meaning, the object may be an infinitive or a
gerund.
(l) By studying hard, you can enter a Object of Preposition: Gerunds, not infinitives,
good school. are objects of prepositions.
(m) Thank you for helping me.
(n) NOT: He lost the deal because of wait
too long.
4. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 333
EXERCISE 1
Read the following text and underline all gerunds and infinitives. Then identify the
function of each one (subject, subject complement, noun complement, adjective
complement, direct object, or object of preposition).
Which functions of gerunds and infinitives are most common in this selection? Is the
“to-verb” structure always a complement? What other meaning can it have? (Hint:
Review sentences 15 and 18.)
(1) Alan Loy McGinnis in his book Bringing Out the Best in People (Augsburg
Publishing House, Minneapolis, 1985) describes 12 important principles or rules for
helping people to perform to the best of their ability. (2) The first rule is to expect the
best from the people you lead. (3) A true leader needs to drop the role of “watch-dog”
and to display a positive attitude toward everyone who works under him or her. (4) The
second principle is to make a thorough study of the other person’s needs. (5) Walking a
mile in another person’s shoes will allow a leader to truly understand someone he or
she is working with. (6) The third rule is to establish high standards of excellence.
(7) Many people have never learned the pleasure of setting high standards and living
up to them. (8) The fourth rule is to create an environment where failure is not fatal.
(9) People who expect to succeed all of the time often cannot rise from a failure.
(10) An effective motivator needs to know how to help people deal with their failure.
(11) “Climbing on other people’s bandwagons” is the fifth principle that McGinnis
suggests. (12) A good leader needs to identify the beliefs and causes of the people that
he or she works with. (13) By using these good ideas, he or she can encourage them
to pursue as many of these goals as possible. (14) Employing models to encourage
success is the sixth rule. (15) Everyone loves hearing about true success stories of
others to build confidence and motivation. Recognizing and applauding achievement is
the seventh rule. (16) A good leader tries to look for strengths in people and catch them
“doing something right” so that he or she can compliment them.
(17) The eighth rule is to employ a mixture of positive and negative reinforcement.
(18) Using praise is only one of many methods used to motivate. (19) Sometimes a
person does his or her best because he or she is afraid to be punished. (20) The ninth and
tenth rules relate to appealing sparingly to the competitive urge and placing a premium
on collaboration. (21) Some competition is good; however, the decision to work with
other people creates good morale and allows the job to be completed more efficiently.
(22) The eleventh principle is to learn how to deal with troublemakers in a group.
(23) A leader who does not learn how to handle a problematic person will never learn
how to stay in difficult situations and solve them. (24) Finally, the twelfth rule is to find
ways to keep the motivation of the leader, himself or herself, high. (25) Renewing oneself
through sports, reading, going to a restful spot, etc. are all necessary for the good leader
to become energized and to successfully perform the other eleven principles.
5. 334 UNIT 18
EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS
(a) Eva’s plan has always been to return to simple infinitive
her homeland. (to + verb)
(b) She hoped to have earned an Olympic perfective infinitive
gold medal by the time she was 20. (to + have + past participle)
(c) Their goal is to be working by March. progressive infinitive
(to + be + present participle)
(d) We wanted to have been swimming perfective progressive infinitive
by now. (to + have + been + present participle)
(e) The suggestion to be seen by a surgeon passive infinitive
was never followed. (to + be + past participle)
(f) They were happy to have been chosen perfective passive infinitive
for the award. (to + have + been + past participle)
(g) Part of the problem is not knowing simple gerund
enough. (verb + -ing)
(h) She was excited about having watched perfective gerund
the race from start to finish. (having + past participle)
(i) Being appointed to the board of passive gerund
directors is a great responsibility. (being + past participle)
(j) Having been selected for the experiment perfective passive gerund
gave her career a boost. (having been + past participle)
form
FOCUS 2 Infinitives and Gerunds in
Perfective, Progressive, and Passive
EXERCISE 2
With a partner, discuss the following topics using infinitives and gerunds. Use the
appropriate simple, perfective, progressive, or passive form and give reasons for your
response for each item.
Example: a movie you enjoyed seeing
I enjoyed seeing “Star Wars I” because I like science fiction.
1. a holiday food you like to eat
2. a present you would like to be surprised with
6. 3. a sport you enjoy playing
4. a place you are excited about having seen
5. another name you would like to have been named
6. a job you would like to be doing right now
7. a famous person in history you would like to have met
8. a topic you would like to have been studying by now
9. a story you liked being told as a child
10. a feeling you had after having been recognized for something
EXERCISE 3
A woman received a $1000 prize for winning a short-story writing contest. Her
acceptance speech appears below. Fill in the appropriate gerund or infinitive. In
some cases, more than one answer may be correct.
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 335
It is a great honor (award) to be awarded this generous prize tonight.
(1) (present) an award for something that I enjoy doing
anyway thrills me. (2) (say) that I am indebted to my parents
would be an understatement. (3) (have) parents who were
trained as teachers gave me an important start. From the time I was very young,
(4) (study) four hours every day after school was required. It
was a frequent sight (5) (see) my siblings discussing main
points and rehearsing the answers to problems. (6) (scold) by
our parents for not paying enough attention to our work would have been the greatest
shame.
Besides doing my homework for school, (7) (read) fiction
and nonfiction books took up much of my leisure time. (8)
(read) so many types of books by the time I got to college proved to be a marvelous
advantage. (9) (see) so many good written models allowed me
to creatively and effortlessly produce my own work for my university English classes.
Today, it requires more discipline for me (10) (be) a good
writer. (11) (marry) with three children leaves less time to write. It
requires initiative (12) (arise) every day at 5:00 A.M. to write.
(13) (write) in this manner is the only way that I have been
able to produce several short stories and a few poems. (14)
(not receive) very good marks on my essay pieces in college, I have left essay writing
to some other writer! Well, I can see that my time is up. It has been an honor
(15) (select) as the winner of this contest and I thank my
parents, family, and all of you for your recognition today.
7. EXERCISE 4
Fill in the following blanks with appropriate infinitives. More than one answer may be
possible.
Example: The requirement to wear a spacesuit is an essential rule for the astronaut to follow.
1. Few people have made the decision an astronaut.
2. The proposal expendable rockets with rockets that could
return to Earth saved a great deal of money for the taxpayer.
3. The space program strictly heeded the advice the astronauts for
18 days after their flight to the Moon in order to assure their good health.
4. The suggestion a “moon base” would allow much useful
scientific research.
5. A precaution after every spaceflight includes isolating lunar
samples until the scientific team is satisfied that no risk of contamination remains.
6. The decision space-walks occurred in 1964 with Project
Mercury.
7. The first words by Neil Armstrong as he stepped on to the
surface of the moon were “That’s one small step for a man; a giant leap for mankind.”
8. The next challenge is a mission to Mars.
EXERCISE 5
With a partner, take turns asking and answering the following questions. Use an
adjective complement in each of your responses.
Example: What are you bound to do after you finish your schooling?
I am bound to get a job as a computer technician.
336 UNIT 18
8. 1. What type of food are you hesitant to eat?
2. What are you apt to do in the next few weeks?
3. Which clubs here or in your native country are you eligible to join?
4. What sport are you reluctant to try?
5. What movie are you likely to see in the next few weeks?
6. Which country would you be delighted to visit?
7. Which student in your class is most liable to be successful?
8. What are you sure to do after your class today?
9. Which friend are you most happy to know?
10. What movie star or musical star would you be ready to meet?
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 337
meaning
FOCUS 3 Gerunds versus Infinitives
EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS
(a) To eat too much sugar is not healthy. Infinitive and gerunds as objects and subjects
(b) Eating too much sugar is not healthy. sometimes have equivalent meanings.
(c) ACTUAL: For the time being, I prefer In other cases, we choose an infinitive or
being a housewife. gerund by the meaning of an action. We often
(d) POTENTIAL: When my children are use gerunds to describe an actual, vivid, or
grown, I would prefer to get a job outside fulfilled action. We often use infinitives to
the home. describe potential, hypothetical, or future
(e) ACTUAL: Playing golf every day is boring.
events.
(f) POTENTIAL: To play golf every day
would be my idea of a happy retirement.
Certain types of verbs (verbs of emotion, verbs of completion/incompletion, and verbs of
remembering) can be affected by the choice of infinitive or gerund.
(Continued on next page)
9. Verbs of Emotion
338 UNIT 18
ACTUAL EVENT POTENTIAL EVENT
(g) Did you like dancing that night? You (h) Do you like to dance? I know a good
seemed to be having a good time. nightclub.
(i) Tim hates quarreling with his wife over (j) Tim hates to quarrel with his wife. It
every little thing. would be the last thing he would want
to do.
(k) I preferred studying astronomy over physics. (l) I prefer to study physics next year.
Verbs of Completion/Incompletion
ACTUAL EVENT POTENTIAL EVENT
(m) I started doing my homework. Question #1 (n) Did you start to do your homework?
is especially hard.
(o) Did you continue watching the program (p) Will you continue to watch the program
yesterday after I left? after I leave?
(q) He began speaking with a hoarse voice (r) He began to speak, but was interrupted
that no one could understand. by the lawyer.
(s) She stopped listening whenever she was (t) She stopped to listen to the bird that was
bored. singing. (Note: to means “in order to.”)
(u) They finished reading the book. (v) I will finish reading this book before
I go shopping. (Note: Finish always
requires a gerund.)
(w) NOT: I will finish to read the book.
EXAMPLES TIME SEQUENCE EXPLANATION
(x) Tom remembered closing First: Tom closed the door. Besides the real event and
the door. Then: Tom remembered that potential event meanings,
he did so. remember, forget, and regret
First: Tom remembered that
signal different time sequence
(y) Tom remembered to close
he needed to close the
meanings when we use a
the door.
door.
gerund or an infinitive.
Then: Tom closed the door.
Verbs of Remembering
10. EXERCISE 6
In the Opening Task on pages 330 and 331, you and your classmates considered the
candidates for Altcreat. At the last minute, the media released new information about the
candidates based on several confidential interviews. Read and select the correct verb in
each of the quotes that follow. In some cases, both verbs may be correct. Explain why one
verb or both verbs are correct.
Example: Composer: I would like (to go/going) only if my husband could go.
(To go is preferred because the situation is hypothetical.)
1. Composer: (To work/working) at Altacreat without my husband would be dreadful.
2. Poet: I love (to smoke/smoking). As a matter of fact, I smoke three packs of
cigarettes a day.
3. Artist: (To paint/painting) in silence is impossible. I cannot get anything done
unless two or three people are talking around me.
4. Novelist: I mean (to stay/staying) at Altacreat only until my baby is born.
5. Landscape Architect: I hated (to work/working) in cold weather when I went to
school in Wisconsin. That’s why I transferred to another university where the climate
was warmer.
6. Architect: (To pass/passing) the Architectural Boards Exam this fall is my intention.
Unfortunately, I have already failed it twice.
7. Opera Singer: I would not like (to fly/flying) to Altacreat in the United States
because I have acrophobia.
8. Digital Artist: I regret (to inform/informing) the committee in my application that
I was a digital artist because I actually have limited knowledge of computers.
9. Filmmaker: I will continue (to benefit/benefiting) from this experience even after I
return to Mexico.
10. Screenplay Writer: Did I remember (to tell/telling) you that funding for future
Altacreat projects will be one of my major publicity campaigns once my three-
month project is finished?
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 339
11. 340 UNIT 18
EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS
Another way to predict the form of a direct
object complement (either gerund or infinitive)
is by the choice of verb in the base sentence.
(a) Scientists appear to be getting close to • An infinitive must follow want, need, hope,
an explanation. promise, and appear (and other verbs in List A
(b) NOT: Scientists appear being getting on page A-8). Notice here that many of these
close to an explanation. verbs (although not all) signal potential
events, a meaning of infinitives discussed
in Focus 3.
(c) Juan hates (for) Grace to worry. • Some verbs from List A (desire, hate, like,
love, and prefer) may optionally include for
with the infinitive complement when the
infinitive has an explicit subject.
(d) Einstein convinced other scientists to • Advise, convince, invite, and warn (and other
reject Newtonian physics. verbs in List B on page A-9) are followed
(e) NOT: Einstein convinced to reject by infinitive complements with explicit
Newtonian physics. subjects.
(f) NOT: Einstein convinced other scientists
rejecting Newtonian physics.
(g) Einstein risked introducing a new theory • Appreciate, enjoy, postpone, risk, and quit (and
to the world. other verbs in List C on pages A-9 and A-10)
(h) NOT: Einstein risked to introduce a new take only gerunds. Notice that many of these
theory to the world. verbs (although not all) signal actual events,
a meaning of gerunds discussed in Focus 3.
form
FOCUS 4 Gerunds and Infinitives
as Direct Objects
12. EXERCISE 7
Read the following text. Underline all direct object infinitives, and circle all direct object
gerunds. (Not every sentence may have one.)
Then, make a list of the verb + infinitive or gerund combinations that you find.
Example: Verb + Infinitive Verb + Gerund
learn to speak prefer saying
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 341
Einstein’s Early Education
(1) Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, in 1879. (2) Because he
learned to speak at a late age, his parents feared that he was retarded.
(3) Modern observers prefer saying that he was a daydreamer.
(4) When he was 5 years old, Einstein began to attend a Catholic school.
(5) One instructor was especially critical of his abilities and told his
parents that it did not matter what field young Albert chose because he
would not succeed in it. (6) In 1889, Einstein transferred to a very strict
German school called the Luitpold Gymnasium. (7) The rigid structure
forced Einstein to distrust authority and become skeptical.
(8) At age 12, Einstein picked up a mathematics textbook and began teaching himself geometry.
(9) By 1894, Einstein’s father’s business had failed to prosper, and the family moved to Italy.
(10) Einstein, however, remained behind and began feeling lonely and unhappy. (11) Consequently, he
paid less attention to his studies and was finally asked by one of the teachers to leave. (12) He joined
his family in Italy but was not able to matriculate at a university because he did not have a diploma.
(13) When he heard that a diploma was not necessary to enter at the Swiss Polytechnique Institute in
Zurich, he decided to apply.
(14) Einstein traveled to Switzerland but did not pass the entrance examination. (15) He was not
prepared well enough in biology and languages, so he enrolled in the Gymnasium at Aarau to prepare
himself in his weaker subjects. (16) Albert enjoyed studying in Aarau more than at the Luitpold
Gymnasium because the teachers wanted to teach students how to think. (17) He took the exam again
and was finally permitted to matriculate into a four-year program. (18) Einstein did not excel during
these years at the Institute. (19) In fact, he rarely attended the lectures. (20) He read his books at home
and borrowed his classmates’ notes to pass tests.
(21) When Einstein graduated in 1900, he failed to obtain a position at the Institute. (22) His professors
did not intend to reward Einstein’s lackadaisical attitude toward classes with a position. (23) Because he did
not get an academic appointment, he worked at the Swiss Patent Office. (24) He worked there for several
years until he was offered an appointment as Associate Professor of Physics at the University of Zurich.
(25) It was there that Einstein’s revolutionary theories of space-time began to take hold and threatened
to destroy the reputations of other colleagues who had built their careers on Newton’s ideas of a
clockwork universe.
What meaning does the “to-verb” structure have in sentences 15 and 20?
13. EXERCISE 8
Complete the following sentences based on the passage in Exercise 7. Use an infinitive or
gerund. The first one has been done for you.
Example: As a baby, Einstein appeared to be retarded.
1. As a young child, he failed his teachers.
2. At age twelve, Einstein decided himself geometry.
3. Einstein neglected his homework.
4. When Einstein’s family left for Italy, he quit .
5. Because of this, one teacher advised him school.
6. Without his family, he couldn’t help lonely.
7. He didn’t mind his family in Italy.
8. Unfortunately, he couldn’t begin at a university without a
diploma.
9. He tried the Swiss Polytechnique but could not pass the
entrance exam.
10. He regretted the entrance exam the first time.
11. Professors at the Polytechnique declined Einstein a position
because of his lackadaisical academic performance.
12. As a clerk at the Swiss Patent Office, he continued about
physics.
13. The University of Zurich invited Einstein a faculty member.
14. Many professors couldn’t help Einstein’s unusual ideas.
15. Soon he began well-established professors with his revolutionary
theories.
EXERCISE 9
Look back at the notes you made for the Opening Task on page 331 and additional
information you learned in Exercise 6. Assume that only five of the applicants can be
chosen for the three-month project at Altacreat.
STEP 1 In pairs, rank order the applicants from 1 (= most desirable) to 10 (= least desirable). Consider
what might be the appropriate mix of males and females, whether married couples or singles are preferable,
what skills and abilities are most essential for global exchange, what compatibility factors should be
considered, etc.
342 UNIT 18
14. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 343
form
FOCUS 5 For with Infinitives and
’s with Gerunds
EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS
(a) (For people) to see is a wonderful gift. The subject of an infinitive or a gerund is often
(b) (Your) neglecting your teeth will cause not stated but can be implied from context. It
an earlier return to your dentist. will either have a general reference or a specific
one that can be determined from other references
in the sentence or paragraph.
(c) For a Russian to be the first man in When an infinitive functions as a subject or a
space was commendable. subject complement, any stated subject of the
(d) Her desire was for them to take a trip infinitive should be preceded by for. If a pronoun
around the world. follows for, it must be in object form.
(e) They hoped for her to be able to attend When the infinitive functions as a direct object,
the concert. its stated subject should take object form if it
(f) I expected (for) him to be there when I is a pronoun and may or may not be preceded
finished. by for. Three options are possible depending
(g) We advised the couple to postpone
on the verb. (See Focus 4.)
their marriage.
(h) Their denying the allegation was When the subject of a gerund is stated, it takes
understandable. the possessive form.
(i) I didn’t like the dog’s barking all night.
STEP 2 As a class, come to a consensus about which five applicants would be most desirable.
STEP 3 After this discussion, answer the following questions.
1. Who has the class chosen to be the top five finalists?
2. Was there any candidate that you personally regretted eliminating?
3. Did any of your classmates persuade you to select someone that you had not originally
selected?
15. EXERCISE 10
Read the descriptions of problem situations. Following each description is a statement
about the problem. Fill in the blank with for + noun/pronoun or a possessive construction
to complete each sentence.
Example: Sue went to a party. Ralph did not speak to her all evening. Sue disliked
ignoring her at the party.
1. Burt did not get enough sleep last night. He ended up yelling at Mrs. Gonzalez, his
boss. yelling at his boss was a big mistake.
2. Mrs. Sutherland warned students to do their own work during the test. Sue got
caught cheating. to get caught cheating was shameful.
3. Tony did not watch where he was going and ran into the rear end of the car in front
of him. The driver of the car resented hitting her car.
4. Nina always goes to bed at 9:00 P.M. Her friend, Nathan, forgot and called her house
at 11:00 P.M. Nina was very angry. Nina expected to call at an
earlier hour the next time.
5. Bill’s grandmother mailed him a birthday package, which arrived a week before his
birthday. Bill couldn’t wait and opened the package early. Bill’s mother was upset
about opening the present before his birthday.
6. Ursula left the house when it was still dark. When she got to school, she noticed
that she was wearing one black shoe and one brown shoe. to
leave the house without checking her shoes was very silly.
7. Mrs. Lu has several children who make a lot of noise everywhere they go. All of her
neighbors are very upset. to let her children run wild angers
the neighbors.
8. Michelle has asked Than to go to the movies several times. Than always tells her that
he can’t because he has to watch a TV show, do his homework, call his mother, etc.
Michelle is tired of making excuses.
Ralph’s
344 UNIT 18
16. EXERCISE 11
Read the following sentences. Write C beside correct sentences and I beside the incorrect
sentences and make all necessary corrections. Be sure to refer to Focuses 3, 4, and 5 to
review the rules.
Example: He agrees speak at the convention.
1. I expected him to see me from the balcony, but he didn’t.
2. They intended interviewing the ambassador the last week in November.
3. I regretted to tell her that she had not been sent an invitation to the party.
4. Patty has chosen attending the University of Michigan in the fall.
5. Have you forgotten to fasten your seat belt again?
6. Terry getting married surprises me.
7. Would you please stop to talk? I cannot hear the presenter.
8. Did he suggest us go to a Japanese restaurant?
9. She can’t stand to do her homework with the radio turned on.
10. Mr. and Mrs. Hunter forced their daughter’s joining the social club against
her will.
11. For they to be traveling in Sweden is a great pleasure.
12. Please remember working harder.
13. Mary tends to exaggerate when she tells a story.
14. I don’t mind Tai to arrive a little late to the meeting.
15. Would you care have a drink before we eat dinner?
16. John avoided go to the dentist for three years.
17. They can’t afford taking a trip to the Caribbean this year.
18. She coming late to the appointment was a disappointment.
19. Some schools decide participating every year.
20. They ceased to comply with the rules.
21. Has he not offered resign?
22. There complaining about discrimination is understandable.
23. You starting a fight will have a negative end.
24. My hope is for my children earn a good living.
25. I disliked Tom repetitive questions all through the meeting.
I
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 345
17. EXERCISE 12
Since the beginning of time, human beings have tried to understand who they were and
where they came from through religious beliefs, theories, and rituals. Write general
statements about these ideas, using the prompts below. Include a gerund or infinitive
in each response.
Example: people believe in (human beings evolved from apes)
Some people believe in human beings’ having evolved from apes.
1. religions insist on (God has created living things)
2. cultures call for (people have dietary restrictions)
346 UNIT 18
form
FOCUS 6 Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions
and Phrasal Verbs
EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS
(a) The Altacreat’s selection committee Gerunds generally follow verbs + prepositions,
could not agree to the poet’s being on such as agree to, look at, worry about, etc.
the list of finalists.
(b) The members argued about keeping the
novelist and the opera singer as well.
(c) The teacher asked for the committee An exception to this is when the preposition
to make a decision within 20 minutes. is for with such prepositional verbs as ask for,
(d) She hoped for them to make their ache for, care for, hope for, long for, etc. In this case,
announcement by 4:00. use an infinitive with a “subject.”
(e) The artists will be able to depend on Phrasal verbs and phrasal verbs followed by
eating gourmet meals at regular times. prepositions (put up with, cut down on, stand up for,
(f) They can cut down on disturbing etc.) always take the gerund (not the infinitive)
distractions. form.
(g) They will not look forward to returning Note that the first to is not an infinitive marker
to their routine lives after they leave in (g) but is a part of the phrasal verb +
Altacreat. preposition look forward to.
(h) The artists are accustomed to creating We also use gerunds following adjective +
things on their own. preposition combinations such as content with,
(i) They are suspicious of relying on others’ surprised at, annoyed by.
intuitions.
18. 3. cultures think about (their ancestors are pleased or displeased with them)
4. people hope for (relatives are reunited in an afterlife)
5. members wait for (God returns to the chosen people)
6. believers complain about (other people don’t believe)
7. religions argue about (priests have proper authority)
8. members agree to (their children are baptized)
EXERCISE 13
Read the following notes about important figures in scientific history. Write sentences
about each person, using one of the following expressions: celebrated for, famous for, good at,
proficient in, renowned for, skillful in, or successful in.
Examples: Aristotle, Greek philosopher, laws of motion
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who was famous for developing theories about motion.
1. Ptolemy, Egyptian philosopher and astronomer, made charts and tables from an
observatory near Alexandria, Egypt
2. Descartes, French philosopher, developed a theory of knowledge by doubting,
believed intuition was the key to understanding
3. Copernicus, Polish astronomer, concluded that the sun was at the center of the
universe
4. Kepler, German astronomer and mathematician, realized that planets travel in
ellipses rather than circles
5. Galileo, Italian astronomer and physicist, improved the telescope; wrote The Starry
Messenger, which refuted the prevailing theory of an earth-centered universe
6. Newton, English mathematician, determined general laws of motion and the laws
of gravity
7. Einstein, German physicist, published the Special Theory of Relativity and the
General Theory of Relativity, introduced the concepts of gravitational fields and
curved space
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 347
19. EXERCISE 14
Fill in the following blanks with a gerund or infinitive.
348 UNIT 18
After taking off on the last Mercury mission, Gordon
Cooper settled in for a good night’s sleep halfway
through his journey. Compared with most of the duties
of spaceflight, it seemed (1)
(be) an easy enough undertaking. But Cooper ended
up (2) (have to wedge) his hands
beneath his safety harness to keep his arms from
(3) (float around) and
(4) (strike) switches on the
instrument panel.
Since Cooper’s flight, (5)
(sleep) in space has become a routine matter—maybe too routine. When carrying
out an especially boring or tiring task, some astronauts have nodded off—only they
didn’t really nod: they simply closed their eyes and stopped (6)
(move). There are none of the waking mechanisms that we would expect
(7) (have) on earth—one’s head (8) (fall)
to one side or a pencil (9) (drop) to the floor.
Space crews have also found that they don’t need handholds and ladders to get
around; they quickly learn (10) (push off) with one hand and
float directly to their destinations. (11) (eat), use a computer,
or do some other stationary task, astronauts now slip their stockinged feet into
loops or wedges attached to the floor. Similarly, a single Velcro head strap suffices
(12) (keep) sleeping astronauts from (13)
(drift out) toward the ventilation ducts.
A favorite recreation in space is (14) (play) with one’s food.
Instead of carrying food all the way to their mouths with a utensil, some experienced
astronauts like (15) (catapult) food from spoons. Although
(16) (drink) coffee seems like the most natural thing on Earth,
in space it won’t work. If you tried (17) (tip) the cup back to
take a drink, the weightless coffee would not roll out. One astronaut offers the
following advisory: “Don’t let your curiosity tempt you into (18)
(explore) a larger clump of liquid than you’re prepared (19)
(drink) later.” If you don’t start (20) (drink) your blob with a
straw, it eventually attaches itself to the nearest wall or window.
Although spaceflight has its irritations, these are necessary if astronauts are to
soar. The whole idea of airborne testing is to make (21) (live)
and (22) (work) in weightlessness easy and unremarkable for
ordinary folk.
Adapted from: D. Stewart, “The Floating World at Zero G,” Air and Space (August/September 1991): 38.
to be
20. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 349
Listen to the audio, a story about a famous unsolved mystery. Use information
from the audio to complete each sentence below. Use a phrase containing an
infinitive or a gerund based on what you have heard.
Example: Cullen was not good at .
1. describes Priscilla’s fashion tastes.
2. Cullen finished .
3. was one indication of Cullen’s violence.
4. Priscilla and Cullen decided .
5. Priscilla allowed various characters .
6. Cullen probably resented Priscilla’s .
7. Beverly Bass and her friend “Bubba” Gavel tried .
8. Soon after the crime, the police succeeded in .
9. was “Racehorse” Haynes’s best talent.
10. “Racehorse” Haynes convinced the jury .
11. The prosecutors failed .
12. The jurors admitted .
conversing
ACTIVITY 1 listening
Use Your English
CD Track 25
You are a news reporter called to interview a visitor from another planet. Although
this creature looks very much like a human being and speaks English, you find that
she has some very different characteristics. Describe what you learned from the
alien as a result of your interviews. You might include some information about what
the alien is accustomed to, annoyed at, capable of, concerned about, desirous of,
incapable of, interested in, suited for, susceptible to, sympathetic toward, and weary
of. Use at least five gerund complements in your report.
Example: The alien has a very unusual diet. She is used to eating tree bark and grass.
ACTIVITY 2 writing
21. 350 UNIT 18
Go to the Internet to read facts about the life of one of your favorite artists,
musicians, architects, or writers, using a search engine such as Google® or Yahoo®,
or another source you may know. Write a short composition in which you use at
least two gerund complements and four infinitive complements in your writing.
Example: Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci was a famous painter, sculptor, architect, and musician who began
displaying his artistic abilities early in life. In Florence, he loved to associate with gifted
artists such as Botticeli . . .
ACTIVITY 3 research on the web
Review the following learning strategies and indicate with a check (✓) the ones
you enjoy doing, don’t mind doing, can’t stand doing, or simply forget to do.
Share your chart with a partner, and discuss ways that you might improve your
learning strategies.
ACTIVITY 4 reflection
Preview main ideas by
skimming reading material
before actually reading it.
Check the accuracy of
your oral production
while you are speaking.
Judge how well you have
done a learning activity
after you have completed it.
ENJOY DON’T MIND CAN’T STAND FORGET
DOING DOING DOING TO DO
22. GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 351
Use reference materials
such as dictionaries and
encyclopedias to assist
with learning.
Write down key words and
concepts during a listening
or reading activity.
Make a mental or written
summary of information
gained through listening
or reading.
Play back in your mind the
sound of a word, phrase,
or fact in order to assist
comprehension.
Use information in a
reading text to guess
meanings of new items,
predict outcomes, or
complete missing parts.
Elicit from a teacher or peer
additional explanations or
examples.
Work together with others
to solve a problem.
Reduce anxiety by using
mental techniques to reduce
stress.
ENJOY DON’T MIND CAN’T STAND FORGET
DOING DOING DOING TO DO