This document provides a summary of English grammar including parts of speech and sentence structure. It explains the basic components of a word such as the stem and inflections. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence including the subject, predicate, object, and complement. Various types of clauses like principal, subordinate, finite and non-finite are defined. Finally, the core parts of speech - nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. - are described along with their functions in sentences. The document aims to serve as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides a summary of English grammar including parts of speech and sentence structure. It explains the basic components of words such as stems and inflections. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence including subjects, predicates, objects, complements and clauses. Finally, it defines the main parts of speech - nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns and conjunctions. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document defines and provides examples of sentences, clauses, and phrases in English grammar. It explains that a sentence contains a subject and a verb, while a clause is a "mini-sentence" within a larger sentence. A phrase is a group of words that acts like a single part of speech but does not contain both a subject and verb. Common types of phrases include prepositional, noun, verb, adjective, and adverbial phrases. The document provides examples of identifying phrases, clauses, and sentences to illustrate these concepts.
The document provides information about phrases and clauses. It defines phrases as groups of words that do not contain a subject and verb, while clauses contain a subject performing an action stated by the verb. The document outlines different types of phrases, such as noun phrases, verb phrases, and prepositional phrases. It also discusses different types of clauses, including dependent clauses, independent clauses, noun clauses, adjectival clauses, and adverbial clauses. Examples are provided for each type of phrase and clause.
Sentences,Phrases and Clauses by Teacher Jodi AATeacher Jodi AA
This document discusses the differences between sentences, clauses, and phrases through examples. It defines a sentence as a set of words with a complete thought including a subject and predicate, while a clause contains a subject and predicate but is found within a larger sentence. A phrase, on the other hand, is a group of words within a sentence that lacks a subject and verb. The document provides the example "When the rain is over, he ran home quickly" to illustrate an independent clause and dependent clause. It concludes by asking the reader to identify the clause, phrase, and sentence in a short quotation.
This document defines and provides examples of phrases, clauses, and sentences. It explains that a phrase is two or more linked words that do not contain a subject and predicate, and lists eight types of phrases including noun, verb, and prepositional phrases. It defines a clause as containing a subject and predicate, and describes independent clauses that can stand alone and three types of dependent clauses - adjective, adverbial, and noun clauses. Finally, it outlines the four types of sentences - simple, compound, complex, and complex-compound sentences.
The document discusses different types of clauses and phrases in English grammar. It defines clauses as groups of words containing a subject and verb, and phrases as groups lacking a subject or verb. The main types of clauses covered are independent clauses, dependent clauses which can be noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverb clauses. Common phrases include noun phrases, prepositional phrases, adverb phrases, and adjective phrases. Participle phrases, gerund phrases, infinitive phrases, and absolute phrases are also explained.
A clause contains both a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a phrase lacks both a subject and verb and cannot stand alone. The difference between a clause and phrase is that a clause provides a complete meaning on its own, like "He is sleeping", while a phrase does not, like "on the bed". A sentence can contain both clauses and phrases.
This document discusses different types of phrases and clauses that can be found within sentences. It defines phrases as groups of words that do not contain a subject and verb, and identifies four main types: prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, participial phrases, and gerund phrases. It also defines clauses as groups of words that do contain a subject and verb, identifying four clause types: main clauses, subordinate clauses, relative clauses, and noun clauses. Various examples are provided to illustrate the characteristics and usage of each phrase and clause type.
This document provides a summary of English grammar including parts of speech and sentence structure. It explains the basic components of words such as stems and inflections. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence including subjects, predicates, objects, complements and clauses. Finally, it defines the main parts of speech - nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns and conjunctions. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document defines and provides examples of sentences, clauses, and phrases in English grammar. It explains that a sentence contains a subject and a verb, while a clause is a "mini-sentence" within a larger sentence. A phrase is a group of words that acts like a single part of speech but does not contain both a subject and verb. Common types of phrases include prepositional, noun, verb, adjective, and adverbial phrases. The document provides examples of identifying phrases, clauses, and sentences to illustrate these concepts.
The document provides information about phrases and clauses. It defines phrases as groups of words that do not contain a subject and verb, while clauses contain a subject performing an action stated by the verb. The document outlines different types of phrases, such as noun phrases, verb phrases, and prepositional phrases. It also discusses different types of clauses, including dependent clauses, independent clauses, noun clauses, adjectival clauses, and adverbial clauses. Examples are provided for each type of phrase and clause.
Sentences,Phrases and Clauses by Teacher Jodi AATeacher Jodi AA
This document discusses the differences between sentences, clauses, and phrases through examples. It defines a sentence as a set of words with a complete thought including a subject and predicate, while a clause contains a subject and predicate but is found within a larger sentence. A phrase, on the other hand, is a group of words within a sentence that lacks a subject and verb. The document provides the example "When the rain is over, he ran home quickly" to illustrate an independent clause and dependent clause. It concludes by asking the reader to identify the clause, phrase, and sentence in a short quotation.
This document defines and provides examples of phrases, clauses, and sentences. It explains that a phrase is two or more linked words that do not contain a subject and predicate, and lists eight types of phrases including noun, verb, and prepositional phrases. It defines a clause as containing a subject and predicate, and describes independent clauses that can stand alone and three types of dependent clauses - adjective, adverbial, and noun clauses. Finally, it outlines the four types of sentences - simple, compound, complex, and complex-compound sentences.
The document discusses different types of clauses and phrases in English grammar. It defines clauses as groups of words containing a subject and verb, and phrases as groups lacking a subject or verb. The main types of clauses covered are independent clauses, dependent clauses which can be noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverb clauses. Common phrases include noun phrases, prepositional phrases, adverb phrases, and adjective phrases. Participle phrases, gerund phrases, infinitive phrases, and absolute phrases are also explained.
A clause contains both a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a phrase lacks both a subject and verb and cannot stand alone. The difference between a clause and phrase is that a clause provides a complete meaning on its own, like "He is sleeping", while a phrase does not, like "on the bed". A sentence can contain both clauses and phrases.
This document discusses different types of phrases and clauses that can be found within sentences. It defines phrases as groups of words that do not contain a subject and verb, and identifies four main types: prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, participial phrases, and gerund phrases. It also defines clauses as groups of words that do contain a subject and verb, identifying four clause types: main clauses, subordinate clauses, relative clauses, and noun clauses. Various examples are provided to illustrate the characteristics and usage of each phrase and clause type.
Here are the corrections for using articles (a, an, the) in the sentences:
Ismail spoke to the woman who had waved to him
My mother bought me an expensive watch
Cheryl borrowed a book from the library.
Ali wore a new uniform to school.
Did you see a new car which my father bought?
Kiran is an Indian girl.
Singapore lies quite near to the equator.
Suman has travelled across the Atlantic Ocean.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases, clauses, and sentence structures:
1) It describes prepositional phrases, appositive phrases, verbal phrases, and other types of phrases.
2) It explains independent clauses, subordinate clauses like adjective and adverb clauses, and the different types of sentences that can be formed from clauses.
3) It provides examples of common grammatical errors like unintentionally capitalizing phrases and fragments.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses in English grammar. It discusses noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, participle phrases, gerund phrases, absolute phrases, and clauses. Examples are given for each type of phrase or clause to illustrate their structures and functions within sentences. The key types of phrases covered are those containing nouns, verbs, prepositions, infinitives, participles, and gerunds. Independent and dependent clauses are also defined.
This document provides information about different types of clauses: noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. It defines each type of clause and provides examples to illustrate their functions within sentences. Noun clauses act as nouns, adjective clauses modify nouns or pronouns, and adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or verbals by describing when, where, how, etc. Relative pronouns are used to connect clauses to the words they modify.
1. The document discusses different types of attributives and phrases in language. It defines attributives as words that modify nouns without linking verbs, including adjectives, nouns, and verbs.
2. Phrases are groups of related words that function as parts of speech but lack both a subject and verb. The main types are noun, adjective, adverb, and verb phrases.
3. Examples of different attributives and phrases are provided to illustrate their meanings and structures. Translations between English and Indonesian phrases are also offered.
This document discusses the building blocks of sentences: phrases and clauses. It defines a phrase as a group of words without a subject and verb, while a clause contains both a subject and verb. Clauses are either independent, containing a complete thought, or dependent, requiring an additional clause. Sentences are built from independent clauses and can include dependent clauses to improve structure. The document provides examples and guidelines for identifying different clause types and sentence structures, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Punctuation rules are outlined for dependent clauses and compound sentences.
This document provides an overview of phrases and clauses, distinguishing between independent and dependent clauses. It defines a clause as a group of words containing a subject and verb, and an independent clause as one that forms a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. Dependent clauses cannot stand alone as they are missing essential pieces and need to be attached to another clause. Phrases are also defined as groups of words that do not contain subjects or verbs.
The document discusses various types of sentences including simple, compound, complex, and minor sentences. It defines what constitutes each type of sentence based on the number and type of clauses. For example, a simple sentence contains one independent clause, a compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses joined by a conjunction, and a complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. The document also covers clause elements such as subjects, verbs, objects, and complements.
The document discusses testing and evaluating grammar, including parts of speech like articles, prepositions, and pronouns. It provides information and exercises about these grammatical concepts, with a focus on teaching and assessing them. Resource person Mam Salma Khan presented the material.
The document discusses different types of phrases and clauses. There are three types of phrases: prepositional phrases, which begin with a preposition and modify a noun; adjectival phrases, which act as adjectives; and adverbial phrases, which act as adverbs. There are also two types of clauses: independent clauses, which can stand alone as a sentence; and dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone and contain a subordinating conjunction. The document provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses.
Phrases and clauses are the building blocks of sentences. A phrase is a group of words that act as a part of speech but cannot stand alone as a sentence, while a clause contains both a subject and predicate. There are several types of phrases including noun, verb, prepositional, gerund, infinitive, and participial phrases. Phrases can function as different parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Clauses are divided into main/independent clauses and subordinate/dependent clauses. Subordinate clauses include noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document describes advertising opportunities on JaRealEstateGuide.com, a website focused on real estate in Jamaica. Advertisers can purchase banner ads, text box ads, or magazine print ads to reach visitors searching for Jamaican property. Pricing ranges from $75-200 per month for digital ads. Advertisements must be suitable for the real estate audience and are subject to approval. Interested companies should contact the website to discuss ad types and payment options.
This document provides descriptions of the 12 zodiac signs based on their traits and dates. Each sign is listed with positive traits followed by potential negative traits. The signs include Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces along with their date ranges.
This document provides a summary of English grammar including parts of speech and sentence structure. It explains the basic components of a word such as the stem and inflections. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence including the subject, predicate, object, and complement. Various types of clauses like principal, subordinate, finite and non-finite are defined. Finally, the core parts of speech - nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. - are described along with their functions in sentences. The document aims to serve as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides a summary of basic English grammar concepts including:
- Parts of a word can be divided into a stem containing the word's meaning and inflections like suffixes indicating plurality or tense.
- Sentences contain subjects, predicates, objects, complements, and clauses including principal clauses that are complete statements and subordinate clauses that are dependent on the principal clause.
- It also outlines the different parts of speech like nouns, verbs, articles, and provides examples of their uses in sentences. The document concludes by describing various verb qualities like tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
The document outlines an English lesson plan about shopping. The lesson aims to teach students how to use this/that and these/those when referring to objects. The plan includes warm-up activities, an exercise matching items to stores, practicing store names, and a grammar lesson on one/ones and this/that/these/those. Students will then complete sentences using the new vocabulary and review by answering questions about purchases made in the story dialogue. For homework, students finish the dialogue using words from a provided list.
Here are the corrections for using articles (a, an, the) in the sentences:
Ismail spoke to the woman who had waved to him
My mother bought me an expensive watch
Cheryl borrowed a book from the library.
Ali wore a new uniform to school.
Did you see a new car which my father bought?
Kiran is an Indian girl.
Singapore lies quite near to the equator.
Suman has travelled across the Atlantic Ocean.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases, clauses, and sentence structures:
1) It describes prepositional phrases, appositive phrases, verbal phrases, and other types of phrases.
2) It explains independent clauses, subordinate clauses like adjective and adverb clauses, and the different types of sentences that can be formed from clauses.
3) It provides examples of common grammatical errors like unintentionally capitalizing phrases and fragments.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses in English grammar. It discusses noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, infinitive phrases, participle phrases, gerund phrases, absolute phrases, and clauses. Examples are given for each type of phrase or clause to illustrate their structures and functions within sentences. The key types of phrases covered are those containing nouns, verbs, prepositions, infinitives, participles, and gerunds. Independent and dependent clauses are also defined.
This document provides information about different types of clauses: noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. It defines each type of clause and provides examples to illustrate their functions within sentences. Noun clauses act as nouns, adjective clauses modify nouns or pronouns, and adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or verbals by describing when, where, how, etc. Relative pronouns are used to connect clauses to the words they modify.
1. The document discusses different types of attributives and phrases in language. It defines attributives as words that modify nouns without linking verbs, including adjectives, nouns, and verbs.
2. Phrases are groups of related words that function as parts of speech but lack both a subject and verb. The main types are noun, adjective, adverb, and verb phrases.
3. Examples of different attributives and phrases are provided to illustrate their meanings and structures. Translations between English and Indonesian phrases are also offered.
This document discusses the building blocks of sentences: phrases and clauses. It defines a phrase as a group of words without a subject and verb, while a clause contains both a subject and verb. Clauses are either independent, containing a complete thought, or dependent, requiring an additional clause. Sentences are built from independent clauses and can include dependent clauses to improve structure. The document provides examples and guidelines for identifying different clause types and sentence structures, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Punctuation rules are outlined for dependent clauses and compound sentences.
This document provides an overview of phrases and clauses, distinguishing between independent and dependent clauses. It defines a clause as a group of words containing a subject and verb, and an independent clause as one that forms a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. Dependent clauses cannot stand alone as they are missing essential pieces and need to be attached to another clause. Phrases are also defined as groups of words that do not contain subjects or verbs.
The document discusses various types of sentences including simple, compound, complex, and minor sentences. It defines what constitutes each type of sentence based on the number and type of clauses. For example, a simple sentence contains one independent clause, a compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses joined by a conjunction, and a complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. The document also covers clause elements such as subjects, verbs, objects, and complements.
The document discusses testing and evaluating grammar, including parts of speech like articles, prepositions, and pronouns. It provides information and exercises about these grammatical concepts, with a focus on teaching and assessing them. Resource person Mam Salma Khan presented the material.
The document discusses different types of phrases and clauses. There are three types of phrases: prepositional phrases, which begin with a preposition and modify a noun; adjectival phrases, which act as adjectives; and adverbial phrases, which act as adverbs. There are also two types of clauses: independent clauses, which can stand alone as a sentence; and dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone and contain a subordinating conjunction. The document provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses.
Phrases and clauses are the building blocks of sentences. A phrase is a group of words that act as a part of speech but cannot stand alone as a sentence, while a clause contains both a subject and predicate. There are several types of phrases including noun, verb, prepositional, gerund, infinitive, and participial phrases. Phrases can function as different parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Clauses are divided into main/independent clauses and subordinate/dependent clauses. Subordinate clauses include noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document describes advertising opportunities on JaRealEstateGuide.com, a website focused on real estate in Jamaica. Advertisers can purchase banner ads, text box ads, or magazine print ads to reach visitors searching for Jamaican property. Pricing ranges from $75-200 per month for digital ads. Advertisements must be suitable for the real estate audience and are subject to approval. Interested companies should contact the website to discuss ad types and payment options.
This document provides descriptions of the 12 zodiac signs based on their traits and dates. Each sign is listed with positive traits followed by potential negative traits. The signs include Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces along with their date ranges.
This document provides a summary of English grammar including parts of speech and sentence structure. It explains the basic components of a word such as the stem and inflections. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence including the subject, predicate, object, and complement. Various types of clauses like principal, subordinate, finite and non-finite are defined. Finally, the core parts of speech - nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. - are described along with their functions in sentences. The document aims to serve as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides a summary of basic English grammar concepts including:
- Parts of a word can be divided into a stem containing the word's meaning and inflections like suffixes indicating plurality or tense.
- Sentences contain subjects, predicates, objects, complements, and clauses including principal clauses that are complete statements and subordinate clauses that are dependent on the principal clause.
- It also outlines the different parts of speech like nouns, verbs, articles, and provides examples of their uses in sentences. The document concludes by describing various verb qualities like tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
The document outlines an English lesson plan about shopping. The lesson aims to teach students how to use this/that and these/those when referring to objects. The plan includes warm-up activities, an exercise matching items to stores, practicing store names, and a grammar lesson on one/ones and this/that/these/those. Students will then complete sentences using the new vocabulary and review by answering questions about purchases made in the story dialogue. For homework, students finish the dialogue using words from a provided list.
Social media in china different than you thinkstrategythinker
This document discusses social media in China and how it compares to social media in other countries. Some of the key points made are:
- Social media in China is popular among young, urban users despite some censorship. Many users have multiple accounts.
- Online games and social networking sites (SNS) like Tencent, Qzone, and RenRen have hundreds of millions of users. Virtual goods in online games generate billions in revenue annually.
- Chinese social media has innovations like early farm games, dating apps, food delivery through instant messages, and SNS catering to affluent users. These innovations sometimes occur through copying ideas and improving or adapting them to the local market through constraints or needs.
- While
The document discusses lanternfish, a small deep-sea fish that lives off the coasts of Japan and New Zealand. Lanternfish have light-emitting organs below their eyes that produce a greenish glow, helping them find food or communicate in the dark ocean depths. They are an important food source for larger fish, whales, and squid living in deep ocean waters.
Amanda Chong Yen Khun is seeking a challenging career as an operations executive, bringing 2 years of experience in tapioca starch manufacturing. She has a bachelor's degree in management technology and is proficient in tasks like purchasing, financial planning, human resources, sales, and translation. Her resume provides details of her educational background and work history at Balung Tapioca Products Sdn Bhd and as a tutor.
The document outlines an English lesson plan about shopping. The lesson aims to teach students how to use this/that and these/those when referring to objects. The plan includes warm-up activities, an exercise matching items to stores, practicing store names, and a grammar lesson on one/ones and this/that/these/those. Students will then complete sentences using the new vocabulary and review by filling in a dialogue about shopping. The lesson aims to have students report back on what was sold to whom and at what price using the new terms.
The document is a letter from the directors of JCC Summer Camp promoting their upcoming 2015 summer camp season. It promises an exciting summer, fostering respect, encouraging trying new activities and making friends. It highlights the inclusion of all campers and living Jewish values. Testimonials from parents praise the positive experiences and role models. The camp offers programs for a wide age range from toddlers to teens, with speciality camps and field trips. It provides information on dates, registration discounts, scholarships and contact details.
The document provides information about the Lenny Krayzelburg Swim Academy located at the JCC of Louisville. It details the comprehensive swim lessons offered for children of all ages and abilities that focus on water safety and teaching all four strokes. Private, group, and parent-tot lessons are described along with class types, rates, and testimonials from parents praising the program.
Unit 7 focuses on talking about past actions and using the past simple tense. The lesson aims to teach students how to report on a trip to Mongolia using past simple regular verbs and verb+noun combinations. By the end of the unit, students will have learned to report to the class on their experiences using the past simple negative form of verbs. Warm up activities include matching things to words and writing words in the correct column based on whether you play, watch, listen to, wash, or study them. Homework includes completing a letter with past tense verbs and reading/correcting sentences.
KPO 2.0: productivity enhancement and process re-engineeringstrategythinker
The document discusses how Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) is progressing to KPO 2.0, which systematically re-engineers knowledge processes to improve productivity by more than 100% in some cases. It provides three examples of knowledge processes - library/knowledge management services, financial engineering for banks, and business development support - and how a KPO partner can help redesign the processes using techniques like standardization, automation, benchmarking and developing centers of expertise. The goal is to enhance productivity, quality and service levels through KPO 2.0 compared to relying only on cost savings from outsourcing.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, covering parts of speech, parts of a sentence, clauses, phrases, verbs and other grammatical concepts. It defines key terms like subject, predicate, object, complement, principal and subordinate clauses. It also explains the different parts of verbs like tense, aspect, voice, mood and finite vs non-finite verbs. Finally, it briefly defines other parts of speech such as nouns, articles, adverbs, prepositions and adjectives.
This document provides a concise overview of English grammar, including definitions and examples of the main parts of speech and elements of a sentence. It discusses nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and their various types. It also outlines the key parts of a sentence like the subject, predicate, object, and clause. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides a concise overview of English grammar, including definitions and examples of the main parts of speech and elements of a sentence. It discusses nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and their various types. It also examines subjects, predicates, objects, complements, clauses, phrases, tense, aspect, voice, mood, and finite vs non-finite verbs. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides an overview of English grammar, covering parts of speech, parts of a sentence, clauses, phrases, verbs, and other grammatical concepts. It defines key terms like subject, predicate, object, and complement. For parts of speech, it describes nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and articles. It also covers topics like tense, aspect, voice, mood and finite vs non-finite verbs. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides an overview of English grammar, including definitions of the main parts of speech and components of a sentence. It discusses nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, articles, subjects, predicates, objects, complements, clauses, phrases, tenses, aspects, voices, moods, and finite vs non-finite verbs. Examples are provided to illustrate each grammatical concept. The document is intended as a basic introduction to English grammar.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, defining key terms like parts of speech, clauses, phrases, and verb tenses and aspects. It explains that a word can be divided into a stem and inflections, and a sentence contains a subject, predicate, object, and possibly complement. There are two types of clauses - principal and subordinate. Parts of speech include nouns, articles, verbs, adverbs, prepositions. Verbs are classified by tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, defining key terms like parts of speech, clauses, phrases, and parts of a sentence. It explains nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and their functions. For example, it states a noun is a "name" and denotes things or ideas. A verb expresses an action, with tense, aspect, voice and mood. Overall, the document serves as a basic introduction to grammatical concepts and terminology.
This document provides a short guide to English grammar, defining key terms like parts of speech, clauses, phrases, and verb tenses and aspects. It explains that a word can be divided into a stem and inflections, and a sentence divided into a subject, predicate, object, and complement. There are two types of clauses - principal and subordinate. Parts of speech include nouns, articles, verbs, adverbs, prepositions. Verbs are classified by tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
The document discusses different types of phrases in English grammar:
1. Noun phrases consist of a noun and its modifiers. They can function as subjects, objects, or objects of prepositions.
2. Verb phrases contain verbs and any auxiliary or modal verbs. They form the predicate of a sentence.
3. Adjective phrases modify nouns and consist of adjectives and their modifiers. They can be attributive or predicative.
4. Adverb phrases modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and express manner, place, time, reason, or frequency. They are formed from adverbs or prepositional phrases.
5. Prepositional phrases begin with a pre
The document summarizes different types of adjective phrases in English, including their structure and syntactic functions. It discusses:
- The typical structure of an adjective phrase includes a premodifier (adverb), head (adjective), and postmodifier (adverb or prepositional phrase).
- Adjectives can function as subject complements, noun pre-modifiers, postpositive modifiers, heads of noun phrases, and in verbless and contingent adjective clauses.
- Adjectives are classified as central if they can be both attributive and predicative, or attributive-only if restricted to modifying nouns.
The document discusses how grammatical functions are mapped onto morphological representations through the interaction of thematic roles, grammatical relations, and case assignment. It explores how syntactic rules that change the canonical pairing of thematic roles and grammatical functions can have morphological effects. Specifically, it examines how grammatical function changing rules like passive, antipassive, applicative, and causative are reflected in verbal morphology through principles like the Mirror Principle.
(Understanding the Nouns and Articles).pptxTjFlorendo
This is a PowerPont presentation of a parts of speech that focuses only on nouns and Articles or Determiners. Hopefully, this slide can help you somehow. This PPTX will explain the nouns and everything about it in a detailed manner. This PPT will help you make your students clearly understand the noun. No matter how old or young your students are. Hopefully, this ppt can serve its purpose effectively in terms of a fun and meaningful learning. It provides a definition about nouns, its two types which are; common and proper nouns together with its examples. Along with it are the three types of common nouns. Namely, abstract, collective, and concrete nouns. Aside from all of that, it also shows the nature and diverse roles of nouns in a sentence. Nouns can be a subject in the sentence, can be an object, object compliment, subject compliment, and also it can sometimes me a modifier and an appositive. Aside from nouns, this ppt, also discussed about Articles or commonly known as Determiners.
Passive voice, Relative Clauses, Causative, and Subordinating Conjungtion. Ifah Anwar
The document provides information on various English grammar topics including the passive voice, gerunds and infinitives, noun clauses, adjective clauses, adverb clauses, causatives, and coordinating conjunctions. It defines each topic and provides examples to illustrate their usage. Key details covered include the formation of the passive voice, functions of gerunds and infinitives, types of subordinate clauses and their usage, and how causatives are used to show indirect responsibility for an action.
The document discusses different types of clauses and moods in the English language. It defines dependent and independent clauses, and explains that dependent clauses cannot stand alone as a sentence while independent clauses can. It also defines three moods: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive. The indicative mood is used to make statements and ask questions, while the imperative mood expresses commands and requests. The subjunctive mood conveys speculation, wishes, or hypothetical situations.
The document discusses the active and passive voice. The active voice focuses on the subject performing the action, while the passive voice focuses on the recipient receiving the action. Only transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice. The agent performing the action can sometimes be left out of a passive sentence. Either a direct or indirect object can become the subject of a passive sentence. There is also a type of passive called the stative passive which expresses an existing state rather than an action.
This document discusses the proper use of gerunds and infinitives in English. It provides examples of how to use infinitives and gerunds to express purpose, with certain adjectives, in the passive and past forms, when modifying with possessives, after verbs of perception, with let and help, and in causative constructions using make, have, and get. Key rules covered include using "to" instead of "for" to express purpose with verbs, exceptions for when "for" can be used, common adjectives that take infinitives, forming passive and past infinitives and gerunds, and the different meanings implied by make, have, and get in causative contexts.
This document discusses the proper use of gerunds and infinitives in English. It provides examples of how to use infinitives and gerunds to express purpose, with certain adjectives, in the passive and past forms, when modifying with possessives, after verbs of perception, with let and help, and in causative constructions using make, have, and get. It clarifies the differences between these uses and provides exceptions to the rules.
The document defines key grammar terms in Spanish including:
1) Subjects, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, nouns, definite and indefinite articles, prepositions, conjugation, infinitives, stems, irregular verbs, and direct/indirect object pronouns.
2) It explains that in Spanish, adjectives and nouns must agree in gender and number, there are different pronouns used for subjects, objects, reflexive verbs, and after prepositions, and verbs are conjugated to show the subject.
3) Irregular verbs, stem changing verbs, and object pronouns are also defined as having variations from typical conjugation or replacement patterns.
This document discusses verbals (participles, gerunds, and infinitives) and provides examples of how to identify them based on their function in a sentence. It explains that participles function as adjectives, gerunds function as nouns, and infinitives can function as subjects, objects, adjectives or adverbs. The document provides guidance on identifying the type of verbal based on its ending and how it is used in a sentence. Examples are given for each type of verbal and their functions to illustrate their proper identification and use.
This document provides information about adverbs including their definition, use, form and types. It discusses how adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs to express manner, place, time or degree. It distinguishes between adjectives and adverbs and provides examples of each. The document also describes different types of adverbs such as adverbs of time, place, degree, manner and frequency. It discusses adverbial phrases and prepositional phrases. Finally, it covers how most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives and lists some irregular adverb forms.
The document discusses lanternfish and their unusual life cycle. Lanternfish are small deep-sea fish that glow to find mates or prey. They are able to reproduce asexually, with female lanternfish retaining the ability to produce eggs over their entire lifetime. This unusual trait allows lanternfish populations to remain stable despite high predation in the deep ocean environment.
Unit 7 focuses on talking about past actions and using the past simple tense. The lesson aims to teach students how to report on a trip to Mongolia using past simple regular verbs and verb+noun combinations. By the end of the unit, students will have learned to report to the class on their experiences using the past tense. The lesson includes warm up activities matching things to words and putting verbs in their past form. Students will then complete exercises practicing using past tense verbs in sentences.
This document discusses the use of conjunctions to join ideas. Neither...nor... is used to join two negative ideas, such as "Neither my brother nor my sister was interested in the latest news." Both...and... is used to join two positive ideas, like "Both Ben and Kate were surprised by the latest news." It then lists common household appliances without further explanation.
This document is a crossword puzzle featuring fruit-related clues. Across clues include "grape", "strawberry", "lemon", "mango", and "pineapple". Down clues include "watermelon", "pear", "orange", and "peach". The document is copyrighted and from an educational website for children.
The document is a crossword puzzle with action nouns that need to be filled in. The crossword clues are actions that go with common nouns like "watching TV", "watering the plants", "cooking dinner", "brushing teeth", "cleaning the house", "catching a ball", "reading a newspaper", and "flying a kite". A word bank of actions is provided to choose from to complete the puzzle.
The document provides examples to practice using correct verb forms and making questions using "How long?". It contains 10 sentences where the correct verb form must be chosen from options in brackets. It also contains 5 sentences where a question must be formed using "How long?" about the duration of an ongoing action described in the statement. The document is a grammar exercise focusing on verb forms and question structures.
The document provides two vocabulary exercises:
1. Write the opposites of 10 adjectives including unsafe, happy, easy, uninteresting, serious, poor, old, boring, dirty, and low.
2. Match 10 words with their definitions including auction, butcher's, baker's, chemist, salary, nightlife, accommodation, catalogue, stationer's, and credit card.
Road rage occurs when drivers become angry while driving, often due to traffic jams and too many cars on the road. Experts call this anger "road rage", which is dangerous as angry drivers frequently drive carelessly and cause accidents. According to studies, around half of traffic accidents are caused by road rage. The document recommends creating a relaxing environment in your car by playing calm music and seeing driving as a cooperative activity in order to avoid road rage and aggressive driving. If aggressive driving is observed, one should contact the traffic police.
The document provides 10 sentences with blanks to be filled in with the correct verb form from brackets. It also provides 5 sentences to be made into questions using "How long?". The document is about grammar exercises focusing on verb tenses and forms.
The document discusses lanternfish and their unusual life cycle. Lanternfish are small deep-sea fish that glow to find mates or prey. They are able to reproduce asexually, with female lanternfish producing hundreds of eggs every few weeks after maturing for only one year. This unusual life cycle allows lanternfish populations to remain stable despite high predation in the deep ocean environment.
The document outlines an English lesson plan about shopping. The lesson aims to teach students how to use this/that and these/those when referring to objects. The plan includes warm-up activities, an exercise matching items to stores, practicing store names, and a grammar lesson on one/ones and this/that/these/those. Students will then complete sentences using the new vocabulary and review by filling in a dialogue about shopping. The lesson aims to have students report back on what was sold to whom and at what price using the new terms.
3. PARTS OF A WORD
A word can be divided into its STEM (the basic part of the word containing its
meaning) and its INFLECTIONS (the endings added to indicate such things as
that a noun is PLURAL or a verb is in the past tense).
Examples: Stem: dog
walk
Inflections: s in dogs
ed in walked
PARTS OF A SENTENCE
SUBJECT
The subject is the person, thing or topic which the sentence deals with. To
discover the subject, ask who or what before the verb, e.g. in the sentence The
house stands on the hill, what stands on the hill? Answer: the house.
Examples: The house stands on the hill.
It overlooks the plain.
PREDICATE
The predicate is all of the sentence except the subject.
Examples: The house stands on the hill.
It overlooks the plain.
OBJECT
The object is the person, thing or topic upon which the subject carries out the
action of the verb. To discover the object, ask who or what after the verb, e.g.
the house overlooks what? Answer: the plain.
Examples: The house overlooks the plain.
I see him clearly.
He watches himself carefully.
In some cases a whole clause can act as object.
Example: He said that the Green Knight was really orange.
Sometimes we apparently have two objects. Where one of these can
alternatively be expressed by placing to before it, it is called the indirect object.
For example, instead of He gave me the book we can say He gave the book to
me. Here the book is the direct object and me the indirect object .
COMPLEMENT
3
4. After the verb to be there is no object since the noun which follows refers to the
same thing as that which precedes the verb (the subject). The noun following
the verb to be is called the complement.
Examples: I am a man.
This is the question.
CLAUSE
There are two kinds of clauses: principal (or main) clauses, and subordinate (or
dependent) clauses.
Principal Clauses
A group of words which includes a subject and a finite verb and makes a
complete statement.
Examples: I am a man.
The house stands on the hill.
When I come home, I will let the cat in.
The following are not principal clauses because they do not make a complete
statement which can stand by itself:
Which is a problem
That the house is standing on the hill
When I come home
The house which stands on the hill
Subordinate Clause
A group of words which includes a finite or non-finite verb but does not make
a statement which stands by itself.
Examples: As soon as the Green Knight entered the room all were
astounded.
He said that the Green Knight was really orange.
The house, which stands on the hill, is empty.
Subordinate clauses can be classified according to their function:
Adverbial Clause
Example: As soon as the Green Knight entered the room, all were
astounded.
In this sentence the clause fulfills the same function as an adverb such as
immediately in the sentence immediately all were astounded.
Noun Clause
4
5. Example: He said that the Green Knight was really orange.
The clause fulfills the same function as a noun such as the words in He said the
words.
Relative Clause
Example: The house, which stands on the hill, is empty.
Relative clauses are adjectival in nature. The clause fulfills the same role as an
adjective such as high-placed in the sentence The high-placed house is empty.
Clauses can also be classified by whether they contain a finite verb.
Finite Clause
A finite clause contains a finite verb and, usually, a subject. It can be a principal
clause or a subordinate clause.
Examples: They say nice things about you. (principal clause)
When they say nice things about you they are not lying.
(subordinate clause)
Non-Finite Clause
A non-finite clause contains a non-finite verb but does not contain a finite verb
and cannot stand alone. A non-finite clause cannot be a principal clause. Non-
finite verbs include participles and infinitives .
Examples: Singing and dancing, he moved slowly up the aisle.
He gave me an invitation to bring you to the party.
Having eaten all the cakes, he began to consume the biscuits.
Filled with joy, he left the room.
PHRASE
A phrase is group of words without a verb.
Examples: It is on the hill.
He went over the sea.
PARTS OF SPEECH
Examples:
house noun
The house article + noun
The house stands article + noun + verb
The house stands firmly article + noun + verb + adverb
5
6. The house stands firmly on the hill article + noun + verb + adverb
preposition + article + noun
The empty house stands on the hill article + adjective + verb + adverb +
preposition + article + noun
It stands on the hill pronoun + verb + preposition + article
+ noun
Since it stands on the hill it overlooks conjunction + pronoun + verb +
the plain preposition + article + noun +
pronoun + verb + article + noun
NOUN
Nouns can be thought of as 'names'; they denote things, people, abstract ideas.
Examples: The house is old.
A king was here.
Virtue is its own reward.
Accidents will happen.
ARTICLE
The articles are: the, a, an. The is called the definite article; a (and an) is called
the indefinite article.
VERB
A verb is a "doing word". It expresses the carrying out of an action. With an
active verb this action is carried out by the subject.
Examples: It stands.
I am.
He adjudicates between the parties concerned.
Alfred burnt the cakes.
With a passive verb the action is carried out upon the subject:
Examples: The cakes were burnt by Alfred.
The Bible is read in many languages.
Verbs have various qualities:
Tense
This is the feature of the verb indicating when the action took place
6
7. Examples: Present tense: It stands
Past Tense: It stood
Future Tense: It will stand
Aspect
This is the feature of the verb which indicates whether the action is was or will
be a completed one or a continuous one. If the verb is unmarked as to whether
it is completed, 'perfect' or continuous, 'progressive', it is called simple. Hence
we can draw up the following scheme:
Simple Present: It stands
Simple Past: It stood
Simple Future: It will stand
Present Perfect: It has stood
Past Perfect: It had stood
Future Perfect: It will have stood
Present Progressive: It is standing
Past Progressive: It was standing
Future Progressive It will be standing
The present perfect is often know simply as the perfect and the past perfect is
sometimes called the pluperfect .
Voice
In English we have the active and the passive voice. In the active voice the
subject carries out the action of the verb; in the passive the action of the verb is
carried out upon the subject.
Examples: Active: I place
Passive: I am placed
A full complement of passive verbs exists in English. The passive is formed
with the appropriate tense of the verb to be and the past participle.
Examples: Present Progressive Passive: I am being placed
Past Perfect Passive: I had been placed
Future Perfect Passive: I will be placed
Mood
There are three moods in English.
7
8. 1. Indicative:
The indicative mood is the normal one in present-day English (PE):
Example: I was going to the pictures
2. Subjunctive:
The subjunctive mood is much rarer in PE; it expresses a hypothetical action.
Examples: If I were going to the pictures.
I wish I were going to the pictures.
3. Imperative:
The imperative mood expresses an order.
Example: Go to the pictures.
Finite and Non-Finite Verbs
Verbs are either finite or non-finite. Non-finite verbs do not include any
indication of tense. One kind of non-finite verb is the infinitive. The infinitive
is the basic form of the verb. It is often combined with to as in I am going to
stand here. However the infinitive is not always preceded by to: in the sentence
I will stand the infinitive is stand. Combined with will the infinitive stand
makes the finite (future tense) verb will stand. Other non-finite parts of the
verb are the participles. The present participle is the form of the verb used in
constructions like:
I am going.
He is combing his hair.
They are developing rapidly.
The same form of the verb can also be used as a noun (in which case it is called
a gerund or verbal noun:
Examples: Developing is not easy.
Walking is pleasant in the summer.
or as an adjective (in which case it is called a gerundive or verbal adjective:
Examples: The third world is made up of the developing countries.
She is a growing child.
The past participle is used in constructions like:
I have walked.
She has grown.
It has developed into a major argument.
8
9. This form is often the same in PE as the past tense (cf. I walked) but not always
(cf. I grew). This also appears as an adjective:
A grown man
ADVERB
An adverb modifies a verb; it indicates how the action of a verb is carried out.
Examples: The house stands firmly.
She speaks well.
He dresses beautifully.
It can also modify an adjective or another adverb.
The house is very firm.
She answered most considerately.
PREPOSITION
A preposition connects a noun (with or without an article) or a pronoun to
some other word. Prepositions are the "little words of English".
Examples: It stands on hills.
The swagman jumped into the billabong.
England is over the sea.
She told the good news to him.
ADJECTIVE
An adjective qualifies a noun; it describes the attributes of a noun.
Examples: The house stands on the high hill.
Precious purple prose provokes profound professors.
PRONOUN
Pronouns take the place of nouns.
Examples: It stands on the hill.
I see myself.
The house which stands on the hill overlooks the plain.
That stands on the hill.
What stands on the hill?
There are a number of different kinds of pronouns:
Personal Pronouns
These are divided into "persons" as follows:
9
10. Singular Plural
First person I we
Second person you (thou) you
Third person he, she, it they
The personal pronouns also include the reflexive and emphatic pronouns.
These are the same in form but different in function. They are myself, himself,
themselves etc.
Examples: Reflexive: I see myself.
People help themselves.
Emphatic: I think myself that it is wrong.
They themselves want to stay on.
Relative Pronouns
The relative pronouns are as follows:
People Things
Subject who, that which, that
Object whom, that which, that
Possessive whose whose
These are used in relative clauses such as:
Examples: This is the man who saw me.
This is the man whom I saw.
This s the man whose house I saw.
This is the man that I saw.
This is the house that Jack built.
Demonstrative Pronouns
These are: This these
That those
Examples: This is the house.
That is the question.
They are also used as demonstrative adjectives:
Examples: This man is green.
That house is red.
Interrogative Pronouns
These are used in questions:
People Things
Subject who what, which
10
11. Object whom, who what, which
Possessive whose
Examples: Who(m) did you see?
Who is that man?
Which is the right way?
Who(m) did you speak to?
What and which can be also used as interrogative adjectives in which case they
can be applied to people.
Examples: Which house stands on the hill?
Which Prime Minister was drowned?
What sweet do you recommend?
CONJUNCTIONS
Some conjunctions are coordinating (i.e. joining elements of the same kind) like
and or but.
Examples: It stands on the hill and overlooks the plain.
I say this but she says that.
Other conjunctions are subordinating (i.e. joining a subordinate clause to a
main clause) like when because, since, as.
Examples: Since it stands on the hill it overlooks the plain.
Although I say this she says that.
When Gawain saw the Green Knight he did not show that he
was afraid.
11