The document provides information on different theatrical forms and periods. It discusses how theater evolved from rituals and myths, with the playwright establishing the plot and form. The four basic forms are identified as tragedy, comedy, melodrama, and drama. Western classical plays and operas are then examined, including details on Greek theater and playwrights like Sophocles. The influence of Renaissance theater on Philippine performance is summarized, noting how mystery plays formed in Europe and traveled through companies of players, with Shakespeare emerging as a famous playwright during this period.

1. MODULE 1
THEATRICAL FORMS
FROM DIFFERENT
ART PERIODS

2. Rituals and ceremonies were upshots of the myths and stories told,
and theater evolved from them. Theater takes place in a location
called theatron, a “place of seeing”. A lot of people are involved in
theater production but, it is the playwright who makes the plot of
the story and establishes the story’s theatrical form.
Theatrical form refers to the type or genre of the play performed by
the actors on stage. Generally there are four basic theatrical forms:
Tragedy, Comedy, Melodrama and Drama. It started with Tragedy
that led to Comedy and together these two theatrical genres
became the foundation upon where the modern theater
genres are formed.

7. MODULE 2
WESTERN CLASSICAL PLAYS
AND OPERAS

8. Ancient theater terms
THEATRON - which is the theater
building
THEATER - a large, open air structures
constructed on the slopes of a hill. It has
three elements; the orchestra, the
skene, and the audience.
PARADOS - side entrance

9. Greek Theatre: EPIDAURUS
it can occupy up to 15-20 thousand audience

10. Characteristics:
- it's origin (three styles) is from ancient Greece
- it is executed during festivals to honor their god
and one of the most famous/popular theater of
that time is the "Cult of Dionysus" the god of wine
and fertility.
- There are 3 well known Greek playwrights.
Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus.
- three types of drama: tragedy, comedy and satyr.

11. PLAYWRIGHT who writes the script.
DIRECTOR who rehearses the performers
or actors.
DESIGNER AND TECHNICAL CREW for the
props to create the scenes
ACTORS AND ACTRESSES who will be
performing on stage.
Ingredients:

12. The term tragedy is derived from the Greek words
tragos meaning "goat" and oide which means "song"
Tragedy is a genre of drama based on human
suffering and, mainly, the terrible or sorrowful
events that befall a main character. Traditionally,
the goal of tragedy is to elicit catharsis in the
audience, which is defined as;
"pain that awakens pleasure"
Most admired play

13. Thespis
Thespis was the first actor and the
one who introduced the use of
masks. He is called thee or entitled
as "the father of tragedy". During this
time, mask is frequently used
especially with tragedy plays. It is
often used because the maximum
actors or character that will
participate in the play are 3
participants.

14. Comedy
- Comedy plays were derived from imitation and
they have no traces of their origin.
- ARISTOPHANES wrote the most of the comedy
plays, Lysistrata survived from his plays among
many.
- then we have the Cyclops, it is an adventurous
comedy by Euripides

15. Satyr
- a genre of ancient Greek drama that preserves the structure
and characters of a tragedy
- there are Satyr plays by Aesychylus that seem to make more
sense as the second play of the group
- some of his plays are THE SPHINX IN HIS THEBAN TRILOGY
and PROTEUS IN HIS ORESTEIA.
- PRATINAS OF PHILIUS was the first to produce a Satyr play
at Athens in the 70th Olympiad.

16. Romantic Theater
&
Renaissance Theater

17. What is Renaissance Theater?
English Renaissance theatre, also known as
Renaissance English theatre and Elizabethan
theatre, refers to the theatre of England
between 1558 and 1642. This is the style of the
plays of William Shakespeare, Christopher
Marlowe and Ben Jonson.The most important
theaters which were built in this period were the
"Curtain" in 1577, the "Rose" in 1587, the "Swan"
in 1595, the "Globe" (Shakespeare's theater) in
1599, the "Fortune" in 1600, and the "Red Bull"
in 1605.
Renaissance Theater

18. What is Romantic Theater?
The romantic drama, or romantic theater, refers to a
theatrical movement born at the beginning of the xix th
century in opposition to the principles of the tragedy
classic. It is Victor Hugo who codifies in Cromwell's Preface
(1827) the aesthetics of romantic theater in France.
What is the message of romantic plays?
The movement emphasized intense emotion as an
authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new
emphasis on such emotions as fear, horror and terror, and
awe — especially that experienced in confronting the new
aesthetic categories of the sublime and beauty of nature.
Romantic Theater

19. MODULE 3
INFLUENCES OF RENAISSANCE
THEATRE ON PHILIPPINE
THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE
IN TERMS OF FORM AND
CONTENT OF STORY

20. During the Middle Ages, mystery plays formed a part of
religious festivals in England and other parts of Europe
during the Renaissance period. Morality plays (in which
the protagonist was met by personifications of various
moral attributes who try to choose a godly life over
evil) and the university drama were formed to recreate
Athenian tragedy. Public theatrical performances were
developed like, the Commedia dell'arte (Italian comedy
and a humorous theatrical presentation performed by
professional players who traveled in troupes) and the
elaborate masques (a dramatic entertainment
consisting of pantomime, dancing, dialogue, and song
where players wore masks) that were usually
presented in court.
RENAISSANCE THEATER

21. One of the most prominent supporters of the theatre was
Queen Elizabeth I. The companies of players (companies of
actors) were organized by the aristocrats and performed
seasonally in many places. They were called professional
players and they performed on the Elizabethan stage. The
tours of these players gradually replaced the performances
of the mystery and morality plays by local players. Gorboduc
(whose authors were Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville),
also known as Ferrex and Porrex, was an English play and first
performed at the Christmas celebration in 1561, and
performed before Queen Elizabeth I on 18 January 1562, by
the Gentlemen of the Inner Temple.
The famous actor and poet who emerged in this period
was William Shakespeare. He was baptized on April 26,
1564 and died on April 23, 1616. He was an English poet,
playwright and actor and regarded as the greatest writer
and dramatist in the whole world. Shakespeare was often
called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".

22. His works consist of about 38 plays. Some of
these plays include the well-loved Romeo and
Juliet, Hamlet, Midsummer Night’s Dream,
Cleopatra, Julius Caesar, and Much Ado about
Nothing. The four tragedies considered to be
Shakespeare's greatest works were Hamlet,
Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Other
contemporary playwrights of Shakespeare
were Christopher Marlowe (who wrote
tragedies such as Dr. Faustus and The Jew of
Malta), and Thomas Kyd (who wrote The
SpanishTragedy also known as Hieronimo is
Mad Again)

23. The history plays depicted English or European history.
Shakespeare wrote about the lives of kings, such as Richard III
and Henry V, Christopher Marlowe wrote Edward II, and George
Peele penned The Famous Chronicle of King Edward the First.
Comedies were common, too. These dealt with life in London
after the fashion of the Roman New Comedy. Famous comedy
plays include The Shoemaker's Holiday by Thomas Dekker and
A Chaste Maid in Cheapside by Thomas Middleton.
For the first time, ballet was performed in public during this
period. Ballet is a formalized form of dance which originated
from the Italian Renaissance courts. It developed and
flourished from Italy to France with the help of Catherine de'
Medici, (Queen of France). An early example of Catherine's
development of ballet is through Le Paradis d' Amour, a piece
of work presented at her daughter, Marguerite de Valoi's
wedding, to Henry of Navarre. The wealth of the aristocrats was
responsible for the initial stages of court ballet for their
entertainment. The first formal ―court ballet ever recognized
was, 'Ballet des Polonais' in 1573. Atrue form of royal
entertainment, 'Ballet des Polonais' was commissioned by
Catherine de' Medici to honor the Polish ambassadors who
visited Paris for the enthronement of King Henry in Poland.